Yeo co-invented US patent 5,356,626: "Synthetic fecal fluid compound."[2] At the time, Yeo was a senior research scientist working in Roswell, Georgia[3] for Kimberly-Clark,[1] makers of Huggies. He, along with Debra Welchel, developed the material to help the company produce better disposable diapers.[4][5]
The technicians have some objection to handling the real thing, a form of biologically hazardous material. Also, it's a bit difficult to obtain, even from infants. We had some fundamental studies of real feces, so we knew what properties we needed. So we developed a synthetic one as close to the real thing as possible. There's no odor -- the technicians wouldn't consent to work on a project like that -- and it can be any color we want.
Yeo conducted extensive research & developed various disposable diapers & personal care products having new features: breathable back sheets, colorful/embossed backsheets, improved BM flaps and better BM containment, better body liners, flushable materials for constructing diapers, odor control, and better tampons.
Nafion & fuel cellsedit
From 1970-75, Yeo conducted doctorate thesis research on Nafion[6] under the supervision of Adi Eisenberg (Otto Maass Professor of McGill University). In 1977, Yeo and Eisenberg published the earliest peer-reviewed journal article on Nafion.[7]
Yeo continued to publish on Nafion,[8][9][10][11] conducting several comprehensive theoretical studies of the swelling properties of Nafion membrane in various organic and methanol-containing solvents. Yeo found that these perfluorinated ionomer membranes exhibit dual cohesive energy densities. This was referred to by McCain and Covitch as the Yeo Envelope.[12] The commercial importance of Yeo's earliest studies of the unique swelling behavior of Nafion membrane was cited and described by Doyle and Rajendran in the Handbook of Fuel Cells as:[13]
These early swelling studies are the benchmark for a number of more recent studies of the behavior of Nafion membranes when exposed to organic solvents as this topic has become of greater commercial importance with the development of processes for creating Nafion solutions through dissolution in organic solvent mixtures.
Publicationsedit
Book chapters and editingedit
"Structure and Properties of Nafion". Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Vol. 13. Plenum Press. 1981.
Structure-property studies of ion-containing polymers.
"Electrochemical Membrane Technology". Journal of Membrane Science. 13 (3). 1983.
A Guide to Advanced Level Physics (published in Singapore).
Ion Exchange: Transport and Interfacial Properties.
Battery Division, Electrochemical Society; Industrial Electrolytic Division, Electrochemical Society; Energy Technology Group, Electrochemical Society (1982). Transport Processes in Electrochemical Systems.
Proce, Symposium on Advances in Battery Materials and (1984). Advances in Battery Materials and Processes. Books on Demand. ISBN9780608046631.
Eisenberg, A.; Yeager, H. L., eds. (1982). "Solubility Parameter of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer". Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 180. American Chemical Society. pp. 65–77. doi:10.1021/bk-1982-0180.ch005. ISBN978-0-8412-0698-4.
Eisenberg, A.; Yeager, H. L., eds. (1982). "Applications of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Load Leveling Devices". Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 180. American Chemical Society. pp. 453–473. doi:10.1021/bk-1982-0180.ch018. ISBN978-0-8412-0698-4.
Articlesedit
"Survey on Separators for Electrochemical Systems," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report # 18937, US Department of Energy, 1984.
"Electrochemical Separation Processes – Industrial Needs," in Tutorial Lectures inElectrochemical Engineering and Technology – II, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, Ed. By R. Alkire and D-T. Chin, (1983), pg. 205.
"Membranes and Diaphragms in Industrial Electrochemical Processes," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Electrochemistry Research Needs for Mineral and Primary Materials Processing, Ed. By T. J. O'Keefe and J. Evans, Rolla, Missouri, (1983), pg. 51-58.
"Novel Hybrid Separators for Alkaline Zinc Batteries," in Proceedings of Advances in Battery Materials and Processes, Ed. By J. McBreen, R. Yeo, and D-T Chin, Electrochemical Society, 1984, pg. 206. & "Research on separators for alkaline zinc batteries" LBL Report.
"Transport Properties of Nafion Membranes in Electrochemically Regenerative Hydrogen/halogen Cells," J. of Electrochem. Soc.,126, 1682 (1979).
"Ruthenium-Based Mixed Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acid Electrolytes," J. of Electrochem. Soc., 128, no. 9, (1981)
"Perfluorosulphonic Acid (Nafion) Membrane as a Separator for an Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolyser," J. of Applied Electrochem, 10, 741 (1980).
"A Hydrogen-Bromine Cell for Energy Storage Applications," J. of Electrochem. Soc., 127, 549 (1980).
"An electrochemically regenerative hydrogen-chlorine energy storage system: electrode kinetics and cell performance," J. Applied Electrochem., 10, 393 (1981).
"An Electrochemically Regenerative Hydrogen-Chlorine Energy Storage System: A Study of Mass and Heat Balances, J. Electrochem. Soc., Volume 126, Issue 5, pp. 713-720 (1979)
"Swelling Properties of Nafion and Radiation Grafted Cation Exchange Membranes," J. Membrane Sci., 9, (1981) 273.
"Sorption and transport behavior of perfluorinated ionomer membranes in concentrated NaOH solution Electrochimica Acta (December 1985), 30 (12), pg. 1585-1590
"Corrosion of polymer–concrete composites in hydrochloric acid at elevated temperature," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 1159 (1981).
"Gas-Solid Exchange Reactions: Zinc Vapor and Monocrystalline Zinc Telluride," Canadian J. of Chemistry, 49, 1953 (1971).
Patentsedit
US patent 6096015, Yeo, Richard; Nolan, Benjamin M & Bononcini, Kenneth et al., "Absorbent Articles having Improved Separator Layer", issued Aug. 1, 2000, assigned to Fibertech Group Inc.
US patent 5728081, Baer, Samuel C; Yeo, Richard & Noftsier, Ann Marie, "Absorbent Composite Article having Fluid Acquisition Sub-layer", issued Mar. 17, 1998, assigned to Fibertech Group Inc.
US patent 5695855, Yeo, Richard; Weigert, Brigitte Kay & Crowther, David George, "Durable Adhesive-based Ink-Printed Polyolefin Nonwovens", issued Dec. 9, 1997, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5643662, Yeo, Richard & Creagan, Christopher Cosgrove, "Hydrophilic, multicomponent polymeric strands and nonwoven fabrics made therewith", issued Jul 1997, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5599420, Yeo, Richard; Uitenbroek, Duane G & Powers, Jennifer R, "Patterned embossed nonwoven fabric, cloth-like liquid barrier material and method for making same", issued Feb. 4, 1997, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5533990, Yeo, Richard, "Tampon exhibiting Low Frictional Drag", issued Jul. 9, 1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5509913, Yeo, Richard, "Flushable Compositions", issued Apr. 23, 1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5503076, Yeo, Richard, "Multi-color Printed Nonwoven Laminates", issued Apr. 2, 1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5492751, Butt Sr, Jon R; Creagan, Christopher C & Dunkerly II, Cedric A et al., "Disposable Garment with Improved Containments Means", issued Feb. 20, 1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5399174, Yeo, Richard; Uitenbroek, Duane G & Powers, Jennifer R, "Patterned, Embossed Nonwoven Fabric, Cloth-like Liquid Barrier Material", issued Mar. 21, 1995, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5356626, Yeo, Richard & Welchel, Debra, "Synthetic Fecal Fluid Compound", issued Oct. 18, 1994, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5161686, Weber, Mary G; Fitting, Steven W & Weber, Robert E et al., "Odor-Absorbing Web Material and Medical Packages containing the Web Material", issued Nov. 10, 1992, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 5122407, Yeo, Richard; Weber, Mary G & Majors, Stephanie R et al., "Odor-removing Cover for Absorbent Pads and Method of Making Same", issued Jun 16, 1992, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 4828556, Braun, Ralph V; Garrett, Lance & Phelan, Robert J et al., "Breathable, Multilayered, Clothlike Barrier", issued May 9, 1989, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 4758239, Yeo, Richard & Schiffer, Daniel K, "Breathable Barrier", issued Jul. 19, 1988, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 4713069, Wang, Kenneth Y & Yeo, Richard, "Baffle having Zoned Water Vapor Permeability", issued Dec. 15, 1987, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
US patent 4713068, Wang, Kenneth Y & Yeo, Richard, "Breathable Clothlike Barrier having Controlled Structure Defensive Composite", issued Dec. 15, 1987, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
CA patent 2158790, Yeo, Richard; Geer, Robert Gillette & Sasse, Philip Anthony, "Perimeter barrier seal for personal care absorbent articles and the like", issued 31-Mar-1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
WO patent 9960975, Willis, Jeffrey Michael & Yeo, Richard, "Disposable absorbent articles with BM Containment", issued 2 December 1999, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
WO patent 9610381, Yeo, Richard & Johns, Eric Mitchell, "Polyvinyl alcohol-treated liner for personal care absorbent articles", issued 11 April 1996, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
Referencesedit
^ abcChartrand, Sabra (24 October 1994). "Patents; An Odorless Way Of Testing Diapers". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^US patent 5356626, Yeo, Richard & Welchel, Debra, "Synthetic fecal fluid compound", issued 1994-10-18, assigned to Kimberly-Clark
^"Goo-goo: Baby, Scope Out This Diaper Discovery". Chicago Tribune. 15 November 1994. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^"Here's the poop, and it won't smell/Substance devised to test diapers". Houston Chronicle. 30 October 1994. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^L, J. F. (1995). "An Odorless Way of Testing Diapers". Pediatrics. 95 (2): 224. doi:10.1542/peds.95.2.224. S2CID 245042275.
^Yeo, Richard Swee-Chye (1976). "Structure-property studies of ion-containing polymers". McGill Library and Collections.
^Yeo, Swee Chye; Eisenberg, A. (1977). "Physical properties and supermolecular structure of perfluorinated ion-containing (nafion) polymers". J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 21 (4): 875. doi:10.1002/app.1977.070210401.
^Yeo, Richard S. (1983). "Ion Clustering and Proton Transport in Nafion Membranes and Its Applications as Solid Polymer Electrolyte". J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (3): 533–538. Bibcode:1983JElS..130..533Y. doi:10.1149/1.2119746.
^Yeo, Richard S. (1980). "Dual cohesive energy densities of perfluorosulphonic acid (Nafion) membrane". Polymer. 21 (4): 432. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(80)90015-4.
^Yeo, R. S.; Cheng, C.-H. (1986). "Swelling studies of perfluorinated ionomer membranes". J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 32 (7): 5733. doi:10.1002/app.1986.070320706.
^McCain, G. H.; Covitch, M. J. (Jun 1984). "Solubility Characteristics of Perfluorinated Polymers with Sulfonyl Fluoride Functionality". J. Electrochem. Soc. 131 (6): 1350–1352. Bibcode:1984JElS..131.1350M. doi:10.1149/1.2115819.
^Doyle, M.; Rajendran, G. (2003). "Perfluorinated Membranes". Handbook of Fuel Cells. Vol. 3. John Wiley & Sons. p. 368. doi:10.1002/9780470974001.f303034. ISBN9780470741511.
External linksedit
Official website
April 10, 2024
richard, scientist, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, major, contributor, this, article, appears, have, close, connection, with, subject, require, cleanup. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia s content policies particularly neutral point of view Please discuss further on the talk page April 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Richard Yeo scientist news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Richard Yeo Swee Chye Chinese 楊瑞才 is an American scientist with 17 U S patents best known for his research on disposable diapers 1 Contents 1 Research 1 1 Disposable diapers 1 2 Nafion amp fuel cells 2 Publications 2 1 Book chapters and editing 2 2 Articles 2 3 Patents 3 References 4 External linksResearch editDisposable diapers edit Yeo co invented US patent 5 356 626 Synthetic fecal fluid compound 2 At the time Yeo was a senior research scientist working in Roswell Georgia 3 for Kimberly Clark 1 makers of Huggies He along with Debra Welchel developed the material to help the company produce better disposable diapers 4 5 Yeo described his research as 1 The technicians have some objection to handling the real thing a form of biologically hazardous material Also it s a bit difficult to obtain even from infants We had some fundamental studies of real feces so we knew what properties we needed So we developed a synthetic one as close to the real thing as possible There s no odor the technicians wouldn t consent to work on a project like that and it can be any color we want Yeo conducted extensive research amp developed various disposable diapers amp personal care products having new features breathable back sheets colorful embossed backsheets improved BM flaps and better BM containment better body liners flushable materials for constructing diapers odor control and better tampons Nafion amp fuel cells edit From 1970 75 Yeo conducted doctorate thesis research on Nafion 6 under the supervision of Adi Eisenberg Otto Maass Professor of McGill University In 1977 Yeo and Eisenberg published the earliest peer reviewed journal article on Nafion 7 Yeo continued to publish on Nafion 8 9 10 11 conducting several comprehensive theoretical studies of the swelling properties of Nafion membrane in various organic and methanol containing solvents Yeo found that these perfluorinated ionomer membranes exhibit dual cohesive energy densities This was referred to by McCain and Covitch as the Yeo Envelope 12 The commercial importance of Yeo s earliest studies of the unique swelling behavior of Nafion membrane was cited and described by Doyle and Rajendran in the Handbook of Fuel Cells as 13 These early swelling studies are the benchmark for a number of more recent studies of the behavior of Nafion membranes when exposed to organic solvents as this topic has become of greater commercial importance with the development of processes for creating Nafion solutions through dissolution in organic solvent mixtures Publications editBook chapters and editing edit Structure and Properties of Nafion Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry Vol 13 Plenum Press 1981 Electrochemical Conversion Principles Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry Vol 3 Plenum Press 1980 Structure property studies of ion containing polymers Electrochemical Membrane Technology Journal of Membrane Science 13 3 1983 A Guide to Advanced Level Physics published in Singapore Ion Exchange Transport and Interfacial Properties Battery Division Electrochemical Society Industrial Electrolytic Division Electrochemical Society Energy Technology Group Electrochemical Society 1982 Transport Processes in Electrochemical Systems Proce Symposium on Advances in Battery Materials and 1984 Advances in Battery Materials and Processes Books on Demand ISBN 9780608046631 Eisenberg A Yeager H L eds 1982 Solubility Parameter of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes ACS Symposium Series Vol 180 American Chemical Society pp 65 77 doi 10 1021 bk 1982 0180 ch005 ISBN 978 0 8412 0698 4 Eisenberg A Yeager H L eds 1982 Applications of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells Electrolyzers and Load Leveling Devices Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes ACS Symposium Series Vol 180 American Chemical Society pp 453 473 doi 10 1021 bk 1982 0180 ch018 ISBN 978 0 8412 0698 4 Articles edit Survey on Separators for Electrochemical Systems Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report 18937 US Department of Energy 1984 Electrochemical Separation Processes Industrial Needs in Tutorial Lectures inElectrochemical Engineering and Technology II American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series Ed By R Alkire and D T Chin 1983 pg 205 Membranes and Diaphragms in Industrial Electrochemical Processes in Proceedings of the Workshop on Electrochemistry Research Needs for Mineral and Primary Materials Processing Ed By T J O Keefe and J Evans Rolla Missouri 1983 pg 51 58 Novel Hybrid Separators for Alkaline Zinc Batteries in Proceedings of Advances in Battery Materials and Processes Ed By J McBreen R Yeo and D T Chin Electrochemical Society 1984 pg 206 amp Research on separators for alkaline zinc batteries LBL Report Transport Properties of Nafion Membranes in Electrochemically Regenerative Hydrogen halogen Cells J of Electrochem Soc 126 1682 1979 Ruthenium Based Mixed Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acid Electrolytes J of Electrochem Soc 128 no 9 1981 Perfluorosulphonic Acid Nafion Membrane as a Separator for an Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolyser J of Applied Electrochem 10 741 1980 A Hydrogen Bromine Cell for Energy Storage Applications J of Electrochem Soc 127 549 1980 An electrochemically regenerative hydrogen chlorine energy storage system electrode kinetics and cell performance J Applied Electrochem 10 393 1981 An Electrochemically Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Energy Storage System A Study of Mass and Heat Balances J Electrochem Soc Volume 126 Issue 5 pp 713 720 1979 Swelling Properties of Nafion and Radiation Grafted Cation Exchange Membranes J Membrane Sci 9 1981 273 Sorption and transport behavior of perfluorinated ionomer membranes in concentrated NaOH solution Electrochimica Acta December 1985 30 12 pg 1585 1590 Corrosion of polymer concrete composites in hydrochloric acid at elevated temperature J Appl Polym Sci 26 1159 1981 Gas Solid Exchange Reactions Zinc Vapor and Monocrystalline Zinc Telluride Canadian J of Chemistry 49 1953 1971 Patents edit US patent 6096015 Yeo Richard Nolan Benjamin M amp Bononcini Kenneth et al Absorbent Articles having Improved Separator Layer issued Aug 1 2000 assigned to Fibertech Group Inc US patent 5728081 Baer Samuel C Yeo Richard amp Noftsier Ann Marie Absorbent Composite Article having Fluid Acquisition Sub layer issued Mar 17 1998 assigned to Fibertech Group Inc US patent 5695855 Yeo Richard Weigert Brigitte Kay amp Crowther David George Durable Adhesive based Ink Printed Polyolefin Nonwovens issued Dec 9 1997 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5643662 Yeo Richard amp Creagan Christopher Cosgrove Hydrophilic multicomponent polymeric strands and nonwoven fabrics made therewith issued Jul 1997 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5599420 Yeo Richard Uitenbroek Duane G amp Powers Jennifer R Patterned embossed nonwoven fabric cloth like liquid barrier material and method for making same issued Feb 4 1997 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5533990 Yeo Richard Tampon exhibiting Low Frictional Drag issued Jul 9 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5509913 Yeo Richard Flushable Compositions issued Apr 23 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5503076 Yeo Richard Multi color Printed Nonwoven Laminates issued Apr 2 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5492751 Butt Sr Jon R Creagan Christopher C amp Dunkerly II Cedric A et al Disposable Garment with Improved Containments Means issued Feb 20 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5399174 Yeo Richard Uitenbroek Duane G amp Powers Jennifer R Patterned Embossed Nonwoven Fabric Cloth like Liquid Barrier Material issued Mar 21 1995 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5356626 Yeo Richard amp Welchel Debra Synthetic Fecal Fluid Compound issued Oct 18 1994 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5161686 Weber Mary G Fitting Steven W amp Weber Robert E et al Odor Absorbing Web Material and Medical Packages containing the Web Material issued Nov 10 1992 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 5122407 Yeo Richard Weber Mary G amp Majors Stephanie R et al Odor removing Cover for Absorbent Pads and Method of Making Same issued Jun 16 1992 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 4828556 Braun Ralph V Garrett Lance amp Phelan Robert J et al Breathable Multilayered Clothlike Barrier issued May 9 1989 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 4758239 Yeo Richard amp Schiffer Daniel K Breathable Barrier issued Jul 19 1988 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 4713069 Wang Kenneth Y amp Yeo Richard Baffle having Zoned Water Vapor Permeability issued Dec 15 1987 assigned to Kimberly Clark US patent 4713068 Wang Kenneth Y amp Yeo Richard Breathable Clothlike Barrier having Controlled Structure Defensive Composite issued Dec 15 1987 assigned to Kimberly Clark CA patent 2158790 Yeo Richard Geer Robert Gillette amp Sasse Philip Anthony Perimeter barrier seal for personal care absorbent articles and the like issued 31 Mar 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark WO patent 9960975 Willis Jeffrey Michael amp Yeo Richard Disposable absorbent articles with BM Containment issued 2 December 1999 assigned to Kimberly Clark WO patent 9610381 Yeo Richard amp Johns Eric Mitchell Polyvinyl alcohol treated liner for personal care absorbent articles issued 11 April 1996 assigned to Kimberly Clark References edit a b c Chartrand Sabra 24 October 1994 Patents An Odorless Way Of Testing Diapers The New York Times Retrieved 8 April 2012 US patent 5356626 Yeo Richard amp Welchel Debra Synthetic fecal fluid compound issued 1994 10 18 assigned to Kimberly Clark Goo goo Baby Scope Out This Diaper Discovery Chicago Tribune 15 November 1994 Retrieved 8 April 2012 Here s the poop and it won t smell Substance devised to test diapers Houston Chronicle 30 October 1994 Retrieved 8 April 2012 L J F 1995 An Odorless Way of Testing Diapers Pediatrics 95 2 224 doi 10 1542 peds 95 2 224 S2CID 245042275 Yeo Richard Swee Chye 1976 Structure property studies of ion containing polymers McGill Library and Collections Yeo Swee Chye Eisenberg A 1977 Physical properties and supermolecular structure of perfluorinated ion containing nafion polymers J Appl Polym Sci 21 4 875 doi 10 1002 app 1977 070210401 Yeo Richard S 1983 Ion Clustering and Proton Transport in Nafion Membranes and Its Applications as Solid Polymer Electrolyte J Electrochem Soc 130 3 533 538 Bibcode 1983JElS 130 533Y doi 10 1149 1 2119746 Yeo Richard S 1980 Dual cohesive energy densities of perfluorosulphonic acid Nafion membrane Polymer 21 4 432 doi 10 1016 0032 3861 80 90015 4 Yeo R S Cheng C H 1986 Swelling studies of perfluorinated ionomer membranes J Appl Polym Sci 32 7 5733 doi 10 1002 app 1986 070320706 du Pont Nafion membranes and dispersions McCain G H Covitch M J Jun 1984 Solubility Characteristics of Perfluorinated Polymers with Sulfonyl Fluoride Functionality J Electrochem Soc 131 6 1350 1352 Bibcode 1984JElS 131 1350M doi 10 1149 1 2115819 Doyle M Rajendran G 2003 Perfluorinated Membranes Handbook of Fuel Cells Vol 3 John Wiley amp Sons p 368 doi 10 1002 9780470974001 f303034 ISBN 9780470741511 External links editOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Richard Yeo scientist amp oldid 1187469556, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
