A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration[1] of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.[2] They allow investigation into how factors such as age, or chemicals affect the rate of respiration.[3] Respirometers are designed to measure respiration either on the level of a whole animal or plant or on the cellular level. These fields are covered by whole animal and cellular (or mitochondrial) respirometry, respectively.[4]
Respirometer
Purpose
measure the rate of respiration
A simple whole plant respirometer designed to measure oxygen uptake or CO2 release consists of a sealed container with the living specimen together with a substance to absorb the carbon dioxide given off during respiration, such as soda lime pellets or cotton wads soaked with potassium hydroxide. The oxygen uptake is detected by manometry.[5] Typically, a U-tube manometer is used, which directly shows the pressure difference between the container and the atmosphere. As an organism takes up O2, it generates a proportionate quantity of CO2 (see respiratory quotient), but all the CO2 is absorbed by the soda lime. Therefore, all of the drop of pressure in the chamber can be attributed to the drop of O2 partial pressure in the container. The rate of change gives a direct and reasonably accurate reading for the organism's rate of respiration.
As changes in temperature or pressure can also affect the displacement of the manometric fluid, a second respirometer identical to the first except with a dead specimen (or something with the same mass as the specimen in place of the organism) is sometimes set up. Subtracting the displacement of the second respirometer from the first allows for control of these factors.
The set up of modern respirometers is described in more detail under respirometry. A respirometer may also be called an oxygraph.[6] Suppliers for whole animal respirometers are e.g. Sable Systems, Respirometer Systems and Applications, Qubit Systems, Eco-environment, Bio-technology, or Challenge Technology; for mitochondrial respirometers, Oroboros Instruments,[7] Hansatech Instruments,[8] or YSI.[9]
^Toole, Glenn; Toole, Sue (2004). Essential A2 Biology for OCR. Nelson Thornes. p. 18. ISBN9780748785186. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
^"Pearson - The Biology Place". www.phschool.com. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
^"Measuring the rate of metabolism | Nuffield Foundation". www.nuffieldfoundation.org. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
^Beeson, Craig C.; Beeson, Gyda C.; Schnellmann, Rick G. (2010-09-01). "A high-throughput respirometric assay for mitochondrial biogenesis and toxicity". Analytical Biochemistry. 404 (1): 75–81. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.040. ISSN 1096-0309. PMC2900494. PMID 20465991.
^Djafarzadeh, Siamak; Jakob, Stephan M. (2017-02-08). "High-resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Permeabilized and Intact Cells". Journal of Visualized Experiments (120): e54985. doi:10.3791/54985. ISSN 1940-087X. PMC5408571. PMID 28287504.
^Miller, Will (August 29, 2017). "Biosensor Technology". www.ysi.com. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
January 01, 1970
respirometer, respirometer, device, used, measure, rate, respiration, living, organism, measuring, rate, exchange, oxygen, carbon, dioxide, they, allow, investigation, into, factors, such, chemicals, affect, rate, respiration, designed, measure, respiration, e. A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration 1 of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and or carbon dioxide 2 They allow investigation into how factors such as age or chemicals affect the rate of respiration 3 Respirometers are designed to measure respiration either on the level of a whole animal or plant or on the cellular level These fields are covered by whole animal and cellular or mitochondrial respirometry respectively 4 RespirometerPurposemeasure the rate of respiration A simple whole plant respirometer designed to measure oxygen uptake or CO2 release consists of a sealed container with the living specimen together with a substance to absorb the carbon dioxide given off during respiration such as soda lime pellets or cotton wads soaked with potassium hydroxide The oxygen uptake is detected by manometry 5 Typically a U tube manometer is used which directly shows the pressure difference between the container and the atmosphere As an organism takes up O2 it generates a proportionate quantity of CO2 see respiratory quotient but all the CO2 is absorbed by the soda lime Therefore all of the drop of pressure in the chamber can be attributed to the drop of O2 partial pressure in the container The rate of change gives a direct and reasonably accurate reading for the organism s rate of respiration As changes in temperature or pressure can also affect the displacement of the manometric fluid a second respirometer identical to the first except with a dead specimen or something with the same mass as the specimen in place of the organism is sometimes set up Subtracting the displacement of the second respirometer from the first allows for control of these factors The set up of modern respirometers is described in more detail under respirometry A respirometer may also be called an oxygraph 6 Suppliers for whole animal respirometers are e g Sable Systems Respirometer Systems and Applications Qubit Systems Eco environment Bio technology or Challenge Technology for mitochondrial respirometers Oroboros Instruments 7 Hansatech Instruments 8 or YSI 9 See also editRespiratory rate RespirometryReferences edit Toole Glenn Toole Sue 2004 Essential A2 Biology for OCR Nelson Thornes p 18 ISBN 9780748785186 Retrieved 23 August 2018 Pearson The Biology Place www phschool com Retrieved 2019 10 29 Measuring the rate of metabolism Nuffield Foundation www nuffieldfoundation org Retrieved 2019 10 29 Beeson Craig C Beeson Gyda C Schnellmann Rick G 2010 09 01 A high throughput respirometric assay for mitochondrial biogenesis and toxicity Analytical Biochemistry 404 1 75 81 doi 10 1016 j ab 2010 04 040 ISSN 1096 0309 PMC 2900494 PMID 20465991 Measuring respiratory quotient Nuffield Foundation www nuffieldfoundation org Retrieved 2019 10 29 Djafarzadeh Siamak Jakob Stephan M 2017 02 08 High resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Permeabilized and Intact Cells Journal of Visualized Experiments 120 e54985 doi 10 3791 54985 ISSN 1940 087X PMC 5408571 PMID 28287504 Oroboros HRR www oroboros at Retrieved 2019 10 29 Chlorolab 3 System Hansatech Instruments Ltd Retrieved 2019 10 29 Miller Will August 29 2017 Biosensor Technology www ysi com Retrieved 2019 10 29 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Respirometer amp oldid 1127498749, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
