Repetition blindness (RB) is a phenomenon observed in rapid serial visual presentation. People are sometimes poor at recognizing when things happen twice. Repetition blindness is the failure to recognize a second happening of a visual display. The two displays are shown sequentially, possibly with other stimuli displays in between. Each display is only shortly shown, usually for about 150 milliseconds (Kanwisher, 1987).[1] If stimuli are shown in between, RB can occur in a time interval up to 600 milliseconds. Without other stimuli displayed in between the two repeated stimuli, RB only lasts about 250 milliseconds (Luo & Caramazza, 1995). [2] Repetition blindness tasks usually are words in lists and in sentences. They are called phonologically similar items (Bavelier & Potter, 1992).[3] There are also pictures, and words that include pictures. An example of this is a picture of the sun and the word sun (Bavelier, 1994).[4] The most popular task used to examine repetition blindness is to show words one after another on a screen fast in which participants must recall the words that they saw. This task is known as the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Repetition blindness is present if missing the second word creates an inaccurate sentence. An example of this is "When she spilled the ink there was ink all over.” An RSVP sequence participants will recall seeing "When she spilled the ink there was all over." However, they are missing the second occurrence of "ink" (Kanwisher, 1987). This finding supports that people are "blind" for the second occurrence of a repetitive item in an RSVP series. For example, a subject's chances of correctly reporting both appearances of the word "cat" in the RSVP stream "dog mouse cat elephant cat snake" are lower than their chances of reporting the third and fifth words in the stream "dog mouse cat elephant pig snake".
The precise mechanism underlying RB has been extensively debated. Nancy Kanwisher has argued that it involves failure to tokenize the second appearance of a repeated stimulus. Tokenization, here, means the ability to identify the second stimulus as a second individual, or token. Lack of tokenization means that the second appearance of the stimulus is being dropped from short term memory before it can be identified, and hence, remains unreportable. However, Whittlesea and colleagues have argued that repetition blindness arises from a failure to properly reconstruct the list, both online and post list. This failure to properly reconstruct the list arises from the poor encoding cues that are the result of the RSVP task.
^Kanwisher, N (1987). "Repetition blindness: Type recognition without token individuation". Cognition. 27 (2): 117–143. CiteSeerX10.1.1.420.9508. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(87)90016-3. PMID 3691023. S2CID 6192711.
^Luo, CR; Caramazza, A (1995). "Repetition blindness under minimum memory load: Effects of spatial and temporal proximity and the encoding effectiveness of the first item". Perception and Psychophysics. 57 (7): 153–164. doi:10.3758/bf03205464. PMID 8532495.
^Bavelier, D; Potter, M (1992). "Visual and phonological codes in repetition blindness". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 18 (1): 134–147. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.18.1.134. PMID 1532184.
^Bavelier, D (1994). "Repetition blindness between visually different items: The case of pictures and words". Cognition. 51 (3): 199–236. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90054-x. PMID 8194301. S2CID 18045384.
Whittlesea, W.A.; Dorken, M.D.; Podrouzek, K.W. (1995). "Repeated events in rapid lists: Part 1. Encoding and representation". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 21 (6): 1670–1688. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.6.1670.
Whittlesea, W.A.; Podrouzek, K.W. (1995). "Repeated events in rapid lists: Part 2. Remembering repetitions". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 21 (6): 1689–1697. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.6.1689.
December 20, 2023
repetition, blindness, phenomenon, observed, rapid, serial, visual, presentation, people, sometimes, poor, recognizing, when, things, happen, twice, failure, recognize, second, happening, visual, display, displays, shown, sequentially, possibly, with, other, s. Repetition blindness RB is a phenomenon observed in rapid serial visual presentation People are sometimes poor at recognizing when things happen twice Repetition blindness is the failure to recognize a second happening of a visual display The two displays are shown sequentially possibly with other stimuli displays in between Each display is only shortly shown usually for about 150 milliseconds Kanwisher 1987 1 If stimuli are shown in between RB can occur in a time interval up to 600 milliseconds Without other stimuli displayed in between the two repeated stimuli RB only lasts about 250 milliseconds Luo amp Caramazza 1995 2 Repetition blindness tasks usually are words in lists and in sentences They are called phonologically similar items Bavelier amp Potter 1992 3 There are also pictures and words that include pictures An example of this is a picture of the sun and the word sun Bavelier 1994 4 The most popular task used to examine repetition blindness is to show words one after another on a screen fast in which participants must recall the words that they saw This task is known as the rapid serial visual presentation RSVP Repetition blindness is present if missing the second word creates an inaccurate sentence An example of this is When she spilled the ink there was ink all over An RSVP sequence participants will recall seeing When she spilled the ink there was all over However they are missing the second occurrence of ink Kanwisher 1987 This finding supports that people are blind for the second occurrence of a repetitive item in an RSVP series For example a subject s chances of correctly reporting both appearances of the word cat in the RSVP stream dog mouse cat elephant cat snake are lower than their chances of reporting the third and fifth words in the stream dog mouse cat elephant pig snake The precise mechanism underlying RB has been extensively debated Nancy Kanwisher has argued that it involves failure to tokenize the second appearance of a repeated stimulus Tokenization here means the ability to identify the second stimulus as a second individual or token Lack of tokenization means that the second appearance of the stimulus is being dropped from short term memory before it can be identified and hence remains unreportable However Whittlesea and colleagues have argued that repetition blindness arises from a failure to properly reconstruct the list both online and post list This failure to properly reconstruct the list arises from the poor encoding cues that are the result of the RSVP task See also editAttentional blink Semantic satiationReferences edit Kanwisher N 1987 Repetition blindness Type recognition without token individuation Cognition 27 2 117 143 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 420 9508 doi 10 1016 0010 0277 87 90016 3 PMID 3691023 S2CID 6192711 Luo CR Caramazza A 1995 Repetition blindness under minimum memory load Effects of spatial and temporal proximity and the encoding effectiveness of the first item Perception and Psychophysics 57 7 153 164 doi 10 3758 bf03205464 PMID 8532495 Bavelier D Potter M 1992 Visual and phonological codes in repetition blindness Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance 18 1 134 147 doi 10 1037 0096 1523 18 1 134 PMID 1532184 Bavelier D 1994 Repetition blindness between visually different items The case of pictures and words Cognition 51 3 199 236 doi 10 1016 0010 0277 94 90054 x PMID 8194301 S2CID 18045384 Kanwisher N G 1987 Repetition blindness Type recognition without token individuation PDF Cognition 27 2 117 143 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 420 9508 doi 10 1016 0010 0277 87 90016 3 PMID 3691023 S2CID 6192711 Whittlesea W A Dorken M D Podrouzek K W 1995 Repeated events in rapid lists Part 1 Encoding and representation Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 21 6 1670 1688 doi 10 1037 0278 7393 21 6 1670 Whittlesea W A Podrouzek K W 1995 Repeated events in rapid lists Part 2 Remembering repetitions Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 21 6 1689 1697 doi 10 1037 0278 7393 21 6 1689 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Repetition blindness amp oldid 1128852181, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
