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Energy in Jordan

December 20, 2023

Energy in Jordan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Jordan. Jordan is among the highest in the world in dependency on foreign energy sources, with 96% of the country's energy needs coming from imported oil and natural gas from neighboring Middle Eastern countries. This complete reliance on foreign oil imports consumes a significant amount of Jordan's GDP. This led the country to plan investments of $15 billion in renewable and nuclear energy. To further address these problems, the National Energy Strategy for 2007-2020 was created which projects to boost reliance on domestic energy sources from 4 per cent to 40 per cent by the end of the decade.

Location of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

Moreover, multiple attacks on the Arab Gas Pipeline from 2011-2014 which supplies 88% of the country's electricity generation needs - forced the country’s power plants onto diesel and heavy fuel oil, costing the treasury millions of dinars and pushing the national energy bill to record highs, over JD4 billion.

Primary energy use in Jordan was, in 2009, 87 TWh and 15 TWh per million persons and, in 2008, 82 TWh and 14 TWh/million persons.[1]

Overview edit

Jordanian electricity by source in 2018
 Heavy fuelDieselNatural GasWindSolarBiomassHydro
  •   Heavy fuel: 514.1 GWh (2.7%)
  •   Diesel: 16.6 GWh (0.1%)
  •   Natural Gas: 16,623.1 GWh (86.0%)
  •   Wind: 719.8 GWh (3.7%)
  •   Solar: 1,440.7 GWh (7.5%)
  •   Biomass: 3.4 GWh (0.0%)
  •   Hydro: 14.1 GWh (0.1%)
Net generated electricity in 2018[2]: 7 
Energy in Jordan[3]
Population
(million) 		Prim. energy
(TWh) 		Production
(TWh) 		Import
(TWh) 		Electricity
(TWh) 		CO2-emission
(Mt)
2004 10000 76 3 74 8.57 16.70
2007 5.72 84 3 85 11.18 19.17
2008 5.91 82 3 83 12.13 18.42
2009 5.95 87 3 87 12.5 19.20
Change 2004-2009 9.4% 14.3% 0% 17.7% 46% 15.0%
2014 6.61 95.13 3.02 97.34 16.63 24.11
2015 7.6 100.02 3.489 102.344 17.4 23.8
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.

Electricity edit

 
Jordan historical electricity supply by source and year

Natural gas edit

Natural gas is increasingly being used to fulfill the country’s domestic energy needs, especially with regard to electricity generation. Jordan was estimated to have only modest natural gas reserves (about 6 billion cubic meters in 2002), but new estimates suggest a much higher total. In 2003 the country produced and consumed an estimated 390 million cubic meters of natural gas. The primary source is located in the eastern portion of the country at the Risha gas field. In the past, the country imported the bulk of its natural gas via the Arab Gas Pipeline that stretches from the Al Arish terminal in Egypt underwater to Al Aqabah and then to northern Jordan, where it links to two major power stations. This Egypt–Jordan pipeline supplied Jordan with approximately 1 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas per year.[4]

Jordan has developed one gas field, at Risha in the eastern desert near the border with Iraq. The current output of around 30 million cubic feet (850 thousand cubic metres) per day from the Risha field is used to fuel one nearby power plant, which generates about 10% of Jordan's electricity.[5]

In May 2001, a 30-year agreement had been concluded with Egypt for gas sales to begin at a rate of 100 million cu ft (2.8 million m3) per day beginning in 2003. Construction of the section of the pipeline in Egypt began in late 2001, starting from the existing pipeline terminus at El-Arish in Sinai. This section was completed in mid-2003, allowing deliveries to begin to one power plant at Aqaba.

In August 2003, Jordan began imports of natural gas from Egypt.[5] The second phase of the project, which connected to the Rihab power plant approximately 70 km north of the capital Amman, was completed in early 2006. The plant site is approximately 835 meters above sea level and located within a rural area surrounded by extensive agricultural land. The Rihab power plant comprises 2 simple cycle gas turbines which are nominally rated at 30 MW gross and a 297 MW combined-cycle gas turbine which comprises 2 gas turbines with 100 MW and 1 steam turbine with 97 MW.[6]

Gas supplies from Egypt were halted in 2013 due to insurgent activities in the Sinai and domestic gas shortages in Egypt. In light of this, a liquified natural gas terminal was built in the Port of Aqaba to facilitate gas imports. In 2017, a low-capacity gas pipeline from Israel was completed which supplies the Arab Potash factories near the Dead Sea. As of 2018, a large capacity pipeline from Israel is under construction in northern Jordan which is expected to begin operating by 2020 and will supply the kingdom with 3 BCM of gas per year, thereby satisfying the bulk of Jordan’s natural gas consumption needs.[7]

See also: Amman East Power Plant, Aqaba Thermal Power Plant, and Al Quatrana Power Plant

Oil shale edit

Main article: Oil shale in Jordan
See also: Jordan oil shale power plant

Oil shale represents a significant potential resource in Jordan. Oil shale deposits underlie more than 60% of Jordanian territory, and are estimated at 40 to 70 billion tonnes of oil shale.[8] The deposits include a high quality marinite oil shale of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age.[9] The most important and investigated deposits are located in west-central Jordan, where they occur at the surface and close to developed infrastructure.[8][10]

Although oil shale was utilized in northern Jordan prior to and during World War I, intensive exploration and studies of Jordan's oil shale resource potential started in the 1970s and 1980s, being motivated by higher oil prices, modern technology and better economic potential. As of 2011, no oil shale industry exists in Jordan, but several companies are considering both shale oil extraction and oil shale combustion for thermal power generation.[11]

Nuclear edit

Main article: Nuclear energy in Jordan
See also: Jordan Atomic Energy Commission and Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Jordan has signed memoranda of understanding with the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan, China, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Argentina, Romania, and Turkey.[12][13][14]

Plans are in place to construct two 1,000MW reactors, nearly doubling the Kingdom's electricity generation capacity, by 2022. Jordan plans to get 60% of its energy needs from nuclear energy by 2035. According to the JAEC, all evaluations took into account the highest safety requirements, including lessons from the Fukushima incident. The plants will be used for electricity generation and desalination.[15][12][13] In December 2009, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) in cooperation with a consortium headed by the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute signed an agreement with Daewoo Heavy Industries to build a its first 5 MW research reactor by 2015 at the Jordan University of Science and Technology.[16]

Renewable edit

The National Energy Strategy includes ambitious targets to increase the contribution of renewable energy sources to the national energy supply. The share of renewable energy in the total energy mix is anticipated to reach 7% by 2015 and 10% by 2020. The government is looking to generate 30–50 MW of biomass by 2020.[17][18] By November 2014 Jordan had 10 MW of installed capacity from renewable energy, and had over 15 renewable energy power plants in progress to be completed by the end of 2015, raising the installed capacity to 500 MW, representing 14% of the overall installed capacity.[19]

Solar edit

 
Solar potential in Jordan

Jordan lies within the solar belt of the world with average solar radiation ranging between 5 and 7 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per square metre. Decentralized generation from photovoltaic systems in rural and remote villages is currently used for lighting, water pumping and other social services of up to 1000 kW of peak capacity. In addition, about 15% of all households are equipped with solar water heating systems.[20] In May 2012, a 280 kW solar electricity system was inaugurated to be used at El Hassan Science City.[21]

As per the Energy Master Plan, 30 percent of all households are expected to be equipped with solar water heating system by 2020.[20] The government had hoped to construct the first concentrated solar power (CSP) demonstration project. It is also planning to have solar desalination plant. According to the national strategy the planned installed capacity will amount to 300–600 MW consisting of CSP, PV and hybrid systems by 2020.[20]

Several projects with a total capacity of 400 MW were allocated in two 200-megawatt tender rounds in 2015.[22] First Solar signed a Build-Operate-Maintain contract with the Jordanian government for the 52.5 MW Shams Ma'an Solar PV power plant, with a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA). Construction of the plant was expected to start in early 2015 and finish in 2016.[23] The Shams Ma'an project was tendered in the first round and granted a tariff of US 14.8¢ per kilowatt-hour, while the second round drew record-low tariffs of six and seven cents per kilowatt hour for each of the four 50-megawatt projects (US 6.13¢, 6.49¢, 6.91¢ and 7.67¢ per kWh).[22] These tariffs belong to the worldwide lowest so far ever allocated and are not much above the world record tariff of US ¢5.89 per kWh tendered in early 2015 for the second phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park in the United Arab Emirates.[24]

A plan to put solar panels at all 6000 mosques in the country was announced in February 2015.[25]

Jordan inaugurated its first solar-powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012. Located at El Hassan Science City (EHSC), the station is considered the first step towards promoting solar-powered vehicles and building more solar-charging facilities on the streets of Jordan.[26]

The Sahara Forest Project, a Norwegian endeavour to create oases in hot, arid and uninhabited lands, is currently being implemented in the southern city of Aqaba, with the cooperation of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, to address its food, water and energy challenges. The objective of the project is to enable restorative growth, revegetation, and creation of green jobs through the profitable production of food, freshwater, bio fuels and electricity. The three core components of the Sahara Forest Project are saltwater-cooled greenhouses, concentrated solar power (CSP) for electricity and heat generation, and technologies for desert revegetation.[27]

In October 2016, Jordan signed a power purchase agreement with Masdar, a clean energy developer based in Abu Dhabi, UAE to build the biggest single solar installation in the country, Baynouna Solar Power Plant, with a 200 MW capacity. The project became operational in 2020 and delivers the equivalent of 160,000 local households with their power needs.[28]

Wind edit

See also: List of wind farms in Jordan
 
320 kW Ibrahimyah Wind Power Plant.

Jordan currently operates three wind power plants at Ibrahimyah, Hofa and Tafila. The Ibrahimyah plant, located approximately 80 km north of Amman, consists of 4 wind turbines with capacity 0.08 MW for each.[29] The Hofa plant, located approximately 92 km north of Amman, consists of 5 wind turbines with capacity 0.225 MW for each.[30] The Tafila Wind Farm is located in Tafilah Governorate in south-west Jordan.[31] The Tafila Wind Farm has a capacity of 117 MW and produces 390 gigawatt-hours annually powering 83,000 homes.[32]

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Energy in Jordan.

References edit

  1. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  2. ^ "2018 NEPCO annual report" (PDF). NEPCO. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  3. ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2017, 2016, 2011, 2010, 2009 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  4. ^ "Country Profile: Jordan". Library of Congress Federal Research Division (September 2006).   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ a b MBendi: Natural Gas Liquid Extraction in Jordan
  6. ^ CEGCO Rehab Gas Turbine Power Station
  7. ^ Ghazal, Mohammad (5 July 2018). "Israeli gas to Jordan expected in 2020 — official". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b Dyni, John R. (2006). "Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits. Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-10-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ Alali, Jamal (2006-11-07). (PDF). Amman, Jordan: International Oil Shale Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  10. ^ Hamarneh, Yousef; Alali, Jamal; Sawaged, Suzan (2006). "Oil Shale Resources Development In Jordan" (PDF). Amman: Natural Resources Authority of Jordan. Retrieved 2008-10-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Luck, Taylor (2008-08-07). "Jordan set to tap oil shale potential". Jordan Times. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  12. ^ a b "Japan and Jordan agree to cooperate". World Nuclear News. 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
  13. ^ a b "Jordan and China sign nuclear agreement". World Nuclear News. 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
  15. ^ Yoav Stern (2007-06-12). "Jordan announces plans to build nuclear power plant by 2015". Haaretz. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
  16. ^ "Jordan: proposed nuclear sites 'suitable'". World Nuclear News. 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2012-05-27.
  18. ^ 'Unstable’ gas supplies highlight potential energy crisis in Jordan'
  19. ^ http://www.iqtisadjordan.com/2014/11/jordan-will-achieve-14-of-electricity.html[dead link]
  20. ^ a b c Solar Energy in Jordan
  21. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
  22. ^ a b "Jordan's second PV tender leads to record low tariffs". PVmagazine.com. 18 May 2015. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Using webcite.org as PVmagazine.com is registered on Wikipedia's blacklist{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  23. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-11-27. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
  24. ^ "Low bids on project in Jordan likely to trigger solar energy boom". TheNational.ae. 21 May 2015.
  25. ^ All 6,000 Mosques in Jordan Will Soon Go Solar, ThinkProgress, Ari Philips, February 25, 2015
  26. ^ Kingdom’s first solar-powered electric vehicle charging station opens
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
  28. ^ "Baynounah". masdar.ae. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  29. ^ Ibrahimiyah Power Plant
  30. ^ Hofa Wind Power Plant
  31. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  32. ^ "Tafila Wind Farm". masdar.ae/en.

December 20, 2023
energy, jordan, describes, energy, electricity, production, consumption, import, jordan, jordan, among, highest, world, dependency, foreign, energy, sources, with, country, energy, needs, coming, from, imported, natural, from, neighboring, middle, eastern, cou. Energy in Jordan describes energy and electricity production consumption and import in Jordan Jordan is among the highest in the world in dependency on foreign energy sources with 96 of the country s energy needs coming from imported oil and natural gas from neighboring Middle Eastern countries This complete reliance on foreign oil imports consumes a significant amount of Jordan s GDP This led the country to plan investments of 15 billion in renewable and nuclear energy To further address these problems the National Energy Strategy for 2007 2020 was created which projects to boost reliance on domestic energy sources from 4 per cent to 40 per cent by the end of the decade Location of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Moreover multiple attacks on the Arab Gas Pipeline from 2011 2014 which supplies 88 of the country s electricity generation needs forced the country s power plants onto diesel and heavy fuel oil costing the treasury millions of dinars and pushing the national energy bill to record highs over JD4 billion Primary energy use in Jordan was in 2009 87 TWh and 15 TWh per million persons and in 2008 82 TWh and 14 TWh million persons 1 Contents 1 Overview 2 Electricity 2 1 Natural gas 2 2 Oil shale 2 3 Nuclear 2 4 Renewable 2 5 Solar 2 6 Wind 3 See also 4 ReferencesOverview editJordanian electricity by source in 2018 nbsp Heavy fuel 514 1 GWh 2 7 Diesel 16 6 GWh 0 1 Natural Gas 16 623 1 GWh 86 0 Wind 719 8 GWh 3 7 Solar 1 440 7 GWh 7 5 Biomass 3 4 GWh 0 0 Hydro 14 1 GWh 0 1 Net generated electricity in 2018 2 7 Energy in Jordan 3 Population million Prim energy TWh Production TWh Import TWh Electricity TWh CO2 emission Mt 2004 10000 76 3 74 8 57 16 702007 5 72 84 3 85 11 18 19 172008 5 91 82 3 83 12 13 18 422009 5 95 87 3 87 12 5 19 20Change 2004 2009 9 4 14 3 0 17 7 46 15 0 2014 6 61 95 13 3 02 97 34 16 63 24 112015 7 6 100 02 3 489 102 344 17 4 23 8Mtoe 11 63 TWh Prim energy includes energy losses Electricity edit nbsp Jordan historical electricity supply by source and yearNatural gas edit Natural gas is increasingly being used to fulfill the country s domestic energy needs especially with regard to electricity generation Jordan was estimated to have only modest natural gas reserves about 6 billion cubic meters in 2002 but new estimates suggest a much higher total In 2003 the country produced and consumed an estimated 390 million cubic meters of natural gas The primary source is located in the eastern portion of the country at the Risha gas field In the past the country imported the bulk of its natural gas via the Arab Gas Pipeline that stretches from the Al Arish terminal in Egypt underwater to Al Aqabah and then to northern Jordan where it links to two major power stations This Egypt Jordan pipeline supplied Jordan with approximately 1 billion cubic meters BCM of natural gas per year 4 Jordan has developed one gas field at Risha in the eastern desert near the border with Iraq The current output of around 30 million cubic feet 850 thousand cubic metres per day from the Risha field is used to fuel one nearby power plant which generates about 10 of Jordan s electricity 5 In May 2001 a 30 year agreement had been concluded with Egypt for gas sales to begin at a rate of 100 million cu ft 2 8 million m3 per day beginning in 2003 Construction of the section of the pipeline in Egypt began in late 2001 starting from the existing pipeline terminus at El Arish in Sinai This section was completed in mid 2003 allowing deliveries to begin to one power plant at Aqaba In August 2003 Jordan began imports of natural gas from Egypt 5 The second phase of the project which connected to the Rihab power plant approximately 70 km north of the capital Amman was completed in early 2006 The plant site is approximately 835 meters above sea level and located within a rural area surrounded by extensive agricultural land The Rihab power plant comprises 2 simple cycle gas turbines which are nominally rated at 30 MW gross and a 297 MW combined cycle gas turbine which comprises 2 gas turbines with 100 MW and 1 steam turbine with 97 MW 6 Gas supplies from Egypt were halted in 2013 due to insurgent activities in the Sinai and domestic gas shortages in Egypt In light of this a liquified natural gas terminal was built in the Port of Aqaba to facilitate gas imports In 2017 a low capacity gas pipeline from Israel was completed which supplies the Arab Potash factories near the Dead Sea As of 2018 a large capacity pipeline from Israel is under construction in northern Jordan which is expected to begin operating by 2020 and will supply the kingdom with 3 BCM of gas per year thereby satisfying the bulk of Jordan s natural gas consumption needs 7 See also Amman East Power Plant Aqaba Thermal Power Plant and Al Quatrana Power Plant Oil shale edit Main article Oil shale in Jordan See also Jordan oil shale power plant Oil shale represents a significant potential resource in Jordan Oil shale deposits underlie more than 60 of Jordanian territory and are estimated at 40 to 70 billion tonnes of oil shale 8 The deposits include a high quality marinite oil shale of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age 9 The most important and investigated deposits are located in west central Jordan where they occur at the surface and close to developed infrastructure 8 10 Although oil shale was utilized in northern Jordan prior to and during World War I intensive exploration and studies of Jordan s oil shale resource potential started in the 1970s and 1980s being motivated by higher oil prices modern technology and better economic potential As of 2011 no oil shale industry exists in Jordan but several companies are considering both shale oil extraction and oil shale combustion for thermal power generation 11 Nuclear edit Main article Nuclear energy in Jordan See also Jordan Atomic Energy Commission and Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2011 Jordan has signed memoranda of understanding with the United States United Kingdom Canada France Japan China Russia Spain South Korea Argentina Romania and Turkey 12 13 14 Plans are in place to construct two 1 000MW reactors nearly doubling the Kingdom s electricity generation capacity by 2022 Jordan plans to get 60 of its energy needs from nuclear energy by 2035 According to the JAEC all evaluations took into account the highest safety requirements including lessons from the Fukushima incident The plants will be used for electricity generation and desalination 15 12 13 In December 2009 Jordan Atomic Energy Commission JAEC in cooperation with a consortium headed by the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute signed an agreement with Daewoo Heavy Industries to build a its first 5 MW research reactor by 2015 at the Jordan University of Science and Technology 16 Renewable edit The National Energy Strategy includes ambitious targets to increase the contribution of renewable energy sources to the national energy supply The share of renewable energy in the total energy mix is anticipated to reach 7 by 2015 and 10 by 2020 The government is looking to generate 30 50 MW of biomass by 2020 17 18 By November 2014 Jordan had 10 MW of installed capacity from renewable energy and had over 15 renewable energy power plants in progress to be completed by the end of 2015 raising the installed capacity to 500 MW representing 14 of the overall installed capacity 19 Solar edit nbsp Solar potential in JordanJordan lies within the solar belt of the world with average solar radiation ranging between 5 and 7 kilowatt hour kWh per square metre Decentralized generation from photovoltaic systems in rural and remote villages is currently used for lighting water pumping and other social services of up to 1000 kW of peak capacity In addition about 15 of all households are equipped with solar water heating systems 20 In May 2012 a 280 kW solar electricity system was inaugurated to be used at El Hassan Science City 21 As per the Energy Master Plan 30 percent of all households are expected to be equipped with solar water heating system by 2020 20 The government had hoped to construct the first concentrated solar power CSP demonstration project It is also planning to have solar desalination plant According to the national strategy the planned installed capacity will amount to 300 600 MW consisting of CSP PV and hybrid systems by 2020 20 Several projects with a total capacity of 400 MW were allocated in two 200 megawatt tender rounds in 2015 22 First Solar signed a Build Operate Maintain contract with the Jordanian government for the 52 5 MW Shams Ma an Solar PV power plant with a 20 year power purchase agreement PPA Construction of the plant was expected to start in early 2015 and finish in 2016 23 The Shams Ma an project was tendered in the first round and granted a tariff of US 14 8 per kilowatt hour while the second round drew record low tariffs of six and seven cents per kilowatt hour for each of the four 50 megawatt projects US 6 13 6 49 6 91 and 7 67 per kWh 22 These tariffs belong to the worldwide lowest so far ever allocated and are not much above the world record tariff of US 5 89 per kWh tendered in early 2015 for the second phase of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park in the United Arab Emirates 24 A plan to put solar panels at all 6000 mosques in the country was announced in February 2015 25 Jordan inaugurated its first solar powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012 Located at El Hassan Science City EHSC the station is considered the first step towards promoting solar powered vehicles and building more solar charging facilities on the streets of Jordan 26 The Sahara Forest Project a Norwegian endeavour to create oases in hot arid and uninhabited lands is currently being implemented in the southern city of Aqaba with the cooperation of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority to address its food water and energy challenges The objective of the project is to enable restorative growth revegetation and creation of green jobs through the profitable production of food freshwater bio fuels and electricity The three core components of the Sahara Forest Project are saltwater cooled greenhouses concentrated solar power CSP for electricity and heat generation and technologies for desert revegetation 27 In October 2016 Jordan signed a power purchase agreement with Masdar a clean energy developer based in Abu Dhabi UAE to build the biggest single solar installation in the country Baynouna Solar Power Plant with a 200 MW capacity The project became operational in 2020 and delivers the equivalent of 160 000 local households with their power needs 28 Wind edit See also List of wind farms in Jordan nbsp 320 kW Ibrahimyah Wind Power Plant Jordan currently operates three wind power plants at Ibrahimyah Hofa and Tafila The Ibrahimyah plant located approximately 80 km north of Amman consists of 4 wind turbines with capacity 0 08 MW for each 29 The Hofa plant located approximately 92 km north of Amman consists of 5 wind turbines with capacity 0 225 MW for each 30 The Tafila Wind Farm is located in Tafilah Governorate in south west Jordan 31 The Tafila Wind Farm has a capacity of 117 MW and produces 390 gigawatt hours annually powering 83 000 homes 32 See also edit nbsp Energy portal nbsp Jordan portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Energy in Jordan Economy of JordanReferences edit IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Statistics 2010 Page Country specific indicator numbers from page 48 2018 NEPCO annual report PDF NEPCO 1 January 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2017 2016 2011 2010 2009 Archived 2013 10 07 at the Wayback Machine 2006 Archived 2009 10 12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October crude oil p 11 coal p 13 gas p 15 Country Profile Jordan Library of Congress Federal Research Division September 2006 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b MBendi Natural Gas Liquid Extraction in Jordan CEGCO Rehab Gas Turbine Power Station Ghazal Mohammad 5 July 2018 Israeli gas to Jordan expected in 2020 official The Jordan Times Retrieved 6 July 2018 a b Dyni John R 2006 Geology and resources of some world oil shale deposits Scientific Investigations Report 2005 5294 PDF U S Department of the Interior U S Geological Survey Retrieved 2008 10 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Alali Jamal 2006 11 07 Jordan Oil Shale Availability Distribution And Investment Opportunity PDF Amman Jordan International Oil Shale Conference Archived from the original PDF on 2008 05 27 Retrieved 2008 10 25 Hamarneh Yousef Alali Jamal Sawaged Suzan 2006 Oil Shale Resources Development In Jordan PDF Amman Natural Resources Authority of Jordan Retrieved 2008 10 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help permanent dead link Luck Taylor 2008 08 07 Jordan set to tap oil shale potential Jordan Times Retrieved 2008 10 25 a b Japan and Jordan agree to cooperate World Nuclear News 2009 04 14 Retrieved 2010 05 01 a b Jordan and China sign nuclear agreement World Nuclear News 2008 08 20 Retrieved 2010 05 01 Jordan to go ahead with nuclear program Arab News Archived from the original on 2012 03 30 Retrieved 2012 05 26 Yoav Stern 2007 06 12 Jordan announces plans to build nuclear power plant by 2015 Haaretz Retrieved 2007 07 15 Jordan proposed nuclear sites suitable World Nuclear News 2010 04 27 Retrieved 2010 05 01 Negotiations stalling Jordans first wind power plant Archived from the original on 2014 09 11 Retrieved 2012 05 27 Unstable gas supplies highlight potential energy crisis in Jordan http www iqtisadjordan com 2014 11 jordan will achieve 14 of electricity html dead link a b c Solar Energy in Jordan Princess Sumaya inaugurates 280kw solar electricity system Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2012 05 28 a b Jordan s second PV tender leads to record low tariffs PVmagazine com 18 May 2015 Archived from the original on May 21 2015 Using webcite org as PVmagazine com is registered on Wikipedia s blacklist a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link First Solar to Build Operate and Maintain 52 5MW Shams Ma an Power Plant in Jordan NASDAQ FSLR Archived from the original on 2014 11 27 Retrieved 2014 11 14 Low bids on project in Jordan likely to trigger solar energy boom TheNational ae 21 May 2015 All 6 000 Mosques in Jordan Will Soon Go Solar ThinkProgress Ari Philips February 25 2015 Kingdom s first solar powered electric vehicle charging station opens Jordan Green project to produce food energy from sun and seawater Archived from the original on 2012 05 05 Retrieved 2012 05 26 Baynounah masdar ae Retrieved 2022 03 15 Ibrahimiyah Power Plant Hofa Wind Power Plant Jordan News Agency Petra King inaugurates Tafila Wind Farm Project Archived from the original on 2015 12 22 Retrieved 2015 12 18 Tafila Wind Farm masdar ae en Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Energy in Jordan amp oldid 1163844873 Renewable, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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