Remington Model 1858
The Remington-Beals Model Revolvers[dubious ] along with subsequent models and variations were percussion revolvers manufactured by Eliphalet Remington & Sons in .31 (Pocket) .36 (Navy) or .44 (Army) caliber, used during the American Civil War, and was the beginning of a successful line of medium and large frame pistols. They are commonly, though inaccurately, referred to as the Model 1858 due to the patent markings on its New Model barrels, "PATENTED SEPT. 14, 1858/E. REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, NEW YORK, U.S.A./NEW MODEL."; although wide scale production did not start until 1861.[1][need quotation to verify][additional citation(s) needed]
| Remington New Model Army | |
|---|---|
Remington New Model Army Revolver made c. 1863 - 1875. | |
| Type | Revolver |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1858–1873 |
| Used by | United States Confederate States Native Americans Hawaiian Kingdom United Kingdom Canada Australia France Russian Empire Empire of Japan Second Mexican Empire |
| Wars | American Civil War American Indian Wars Fenian Raid Red River Rebellion Franco-Prussian War Boshin War Second French intervention in Mexico |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Fordyce Beals |
| Designed | 1858 |
| Manufacturer | Remington Arms |
| Produced | 1858 to 1875 |
| No. built | Over 230,000 |
| Variants | 10 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2 lb, 13 oz (1.27 kg) |
| Length | 13.25 in (337 mm) |
| Barrel length | 8 in (203 mm) |
| Cartridge | Powder & ball or Paper cartridge with conical bullet Metallic cartridge for conversion |
| Caliber | .31, .36, and .44 percussion, .32 rimfire (converted), .38 centerfire (converted), .38 rimfire (converted), .44 centerfire (converted), .46 rimfire (converted) |
| Action | Single-action |
| Muzzle velocity | 550–1286 ft/s |
| Effective firing range | sighted in at 75 yards |
| Feed system | 6 round cylinder (5 round pocket) |
| Sights | Fixed Post, Notched Top Strap |
The Remington revolver was a secondary, supplemental issue firearm for the Union Army until the Colt factory fire of 1864. Due to the fire, the Colt 1860 Army was not available for some time. Subsequently, large numbers of the Remington revolver were ordered by the U.S. government. Samuel Remington traveled to Washington in the fall of 1861, offering to sell his revolvers to the government at a cost of $15 each—or $10 less than what Colt was charging the Ordnance Department for its .44-cal. revolvers. Even with the reduced cost, the Army, by the end of March 1862, had taken delivery from the Remington factory of only 7,250 .36-cal. revolvers and 850 .44-cal. Beals revolvers at a cost to the Army of $15 each.
It saw use in the American West, both in its original percussion configuration and as a metallic cartridge conversion, as well as around the world.
Overview edit
The Remington is a single-action, six-shot, percussion revolver produced by E. Remington & Sons, Ilion, N.Y., based on the Fordyce Beals patent of September 14, 1858 (Patent 21,478).[2] The Remington Army revolver is large-framed revolver in .44 caliber with an 8-inch barrel length. The Remington Navy revolver is slightly smaller framed than the Army and in .36 caliber with a 7.375 inch [Beals Navy 7.5 inch] barrel length. There were three progressive models made: the Remington-Beals Army & Navy (1860–1862), the 1861 Army & Navy (1862–1863), and the New Model Army & Navy (1863–1875).[3] The three models are nearly identical in size and appearance. Subtle but noticeable differences in hammers, loading levers, and cylinders help identify each model. The 1861 Remington actually transitioned into New Model appearance by late 1862, slowly transforming throughout 1862, due to continual improvement suggestions from the U. S. Ordnance Department.[3][4]
Remington percussion revolvers are very accurate and capable of considerable power with muzzle velocities in the range of 550 to 1286+ feet-per-second, depending upon the charge loaded by the shooter. Combustible cartridge velocities averaged from 700 to 900 feet per second (270 m/s), depending on powder quality, charge and conical bullet weight. Combustibles were usually loaded with a special high performance sporting grade black powder, using the minimum charge required for a specified impact level, usually determined by pine penetration tests. The special powder and minimal charge reduced black powder fouling, allowing revolvers to be fired as much as possible before cleaning was necessary.[5][6]
Design edit
The Remington revolver owes its durability to the "topstrap", solid-frame design. The design is effectively as strong and resistant to frame stretching as the steel-framed open-top revolvers of the same era, while being simpler to produce than an open-top revolver of adequate strength. The internal lockwork of the Remington is also simpler in construction. While the Colt employs separate screws for the cylinder stop and trigger, those components share the same through-frame screw in the Remington design.[7] A downside in the design of the 1858 is that the barrel and receiver are a single piece, making it more difficult to clean the barrel, as it cannot be removed.
Another innovative feature (first appearing in the 1863 Model production series) was "safety slots" milled between chambers on the cylinder. The milled slot positively secured the hammer between chambers for safe carry by placing the hammer's firing pin where it did not rest on a percussion cap, eliminating the risk of an accidental discharge if the gun was dropped or the hammer struck. Most 19th-century revolver designs lacked such safety features. Early Whitney revolvers, for example, were similar to the Remington but lacked the safety slots. It was possible to lower the Whitney hammer between cylinder chambers for safe carry, but without the Remington milled slot, the Whitney cylinder could possibly slip and rotate, allowing the hammer to strike a loaded, capped chamber and cause an accidental discharge.
The Remington revolver permitted easy cylinder removal, allowing a quick reload with a spare pre-loaded cylinder; this being an advantage over other revolver designs of the time. It is, however, unlikely that this was common practice during the period. Spare cylinders were not provided by the Army.[citation needed] There is also the inherent risk associated with carrying extra loaded and capped cylinders which could be dropped and accidentally discharged.
Metallic cartridge conversions edit
In 1868, Remington began offering five-shot metallic cartridge conversions of the revolver in .46 rimfire. Remington paid a royalty fee to Smith & Wesson, owners of the Rollin White patent (#12,648, April 3, 1855) on bored-through revolver cylinders for metallic cartridge use. The Remington Army cartridge-conversions were the first large-caliber cartridge revolvers available, beating even Smith & Wesson's .44 American to market by nearly two years.
Due to the large volume of these pistols, individual gunsmiths also produced cartridge conversions (from cap and ball versions) in a variety of calibers such as .44-40 and .45 Colt.[1][8]
Buffalo Bill Cody pistol edit
William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody used an ivory-handled New Model Army .44, serial number 73,293, from 1863 until 1906, when he gave it to his ranch foreman with a handwritten note which said that, "It never failed me."[7]
In June 2012, the pistol came up for sale at auction and sold for a reported sum of US$239,000.[9] The Heritage Auctions company represented the pistol as "The Most Important William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody Gun Extant".[10] Accompanying the sale of the pistol were personal artifacts of Cody's including seventeen handwritten letters.[9]
Model series edit
The various pistols in this series with pertinent data.[11]
| Model | Frame | Years Mfg'd | Caliber(s) | Production | Barrel | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remington-Beals Army Model Revolver | Large | 1861-1862 | .44 | 1,900 (estimated) | 8 inch octagon | |
| Remington-Beals Navy Model Revolver | Large | 1861-1862 | .36 | 14,500 (estimated) | 7 1/2 inch octagon | |
| 1861 Army Revolver (Old Model Army) | Large | 1862 | .44 | 6,000 (estimated) | 8 inch octagon | |
| 1861 Navy Revolver | Large | 1862 | .36 | 7,000 (estimated) | 7 3/8 inch octagon | |
| New Model Army Revolver | Large | 1863-1875[12] | .44 | 132,000 (approximately) | 8 inch octagon | Used for factory conversions in .46 RF & .44 Colt |
| New Model Navy Revolver | Large | 1863-1875 | .36 | 28,000 (approximately) | 7 3/8 inch octagon | Used for factory conversions to .38 RF & U.S. Navy conversions to .38 Long Colt |
| New Model Single Action Belt Revolver | Large | 1863-1875 | .36 percussion and .38 RF | 4,500 based on serial numbers | 6 1/2 inch octagon | Factory conversion production started in 1873 |
| Remington-Rider Double Action New Model Belt Revolver | Large | 1863-1873 | .36 percussion and .38 RF | 5,500 (based on serial numbers) | 6 1/2 inch octagon | 1863-1865 some early guns had a fluted cylinder, rest were round,[13] conversions had two-piece cylinder |
| New Model Police Revolver | Medium | 1865-1873 | .36 percussion and .38 RF | 25,000 (estimated) | 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2, 6 1/2 inch octagon | Conversions all believed to be rimfire only |
| New Model Pocket Revolver | Small | 1865-1873 | .31 percussion and .32 RF | 25,000 (estimated) | 3, 3 1/2, 4, 4 1/2, 5 1/2 | Majority produced as conversions or cartridge, 5 round cylinders only with a spur trigger |
Modern use edit
The Remington-Beals design lives on today in the form of replicas from Italian manufacturers Uberti, Pietta, and Euroarms; available in modern steel, and brass frame. The Euroarms and Uberti New Model Army replicas are nearly identical to the originals. These replicas are very popular in civil war reenacting and Cowboy Action Shooting. Several companies produce drop-in "conversion" cylinders for replicas, enabling the firing of low-pressure modern cartridges without altering the revolver's frame. These conversions, of course, being akin to the original Remington cartridge conversions used on the Western frontier of the 1860s and 1870s. The percussion cylinder can be used interchangeably. Due to the value and delicacy of the original revolvers, they are not recommended for modern shooting purposes.[14]
References edit
- ^ a b Bequette, Roy Marcot ; edited by James W.; Gangloff, Joel J. Hutchcroft; foreword by Arthur W. Wheaton; chapter introductions by Richard F. Dietz; book design by Robert L. (1998). Remington : "America's oldest gunmaker". Peoria, IL: Primedia. ISBN 1-881657-00-0.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Earle, Otis; Zimmerman, Dan (30 July 2013). . www.thetruthaboutguns.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ a b Flayderman, Norm (2001). "V-E "Remington Handguns"". Flayderman's Guide To Antique American Arms...And Their Values (8th ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. pp. 137–142. ISBN 9780873493130.
- ^ "The Gun Report", Dr. Stephen Cook, February 1990[full citation needed]
- ^ Thomas, Dean S. (2003). "Federal Arsenals". Round Ball to Rimfire: A History of Civil War Small Arms Ammunition, Part Three. Thomas Pubns. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-1577470922.
- ^ Cumpston, Mike; Bates, Johnny (2005). "23, ""Shooting the 1858 Remington Army and Navy Revolvers"". Percussion Pistols And Revolvers: History, Performance and Practical Use. iUniverse, Inc. pp. 132 et seq. ISBN 978-0595357963.
- ^ a b Taffin, John (2006). Gun digest book of the .44. Northfield, Ill.: Gun Digest Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0896894167. Retrieved 10 October 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Marcot, Roy ; edited by James W. Bequette; Gangloff, Joel J. Hutchcroft; foreword by Arthur W. Wheaton; chapter introductions by Richard F. Dietz; book design by Robert L. (1998). Remington : "America's oldest gunmaker". Peoria, IL: Primedia. ISBN 1-881657-00-0.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Staff. "Lot 44094 The Most Important William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody Gun Extant. ... (Total: 11 Items) 2012 June 10 Legends of the Wild West Signature Auction - Dallas #6079". historical.ha.com. Heritage Auctions. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ Fraser, Paul. . www.paulfrasercollectibles.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ Flayderman, Norm (2001). Flayderman's guide to antique American firearms ... and their values (8th ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 146. ISBN 0-87349-313-3.
- ^ Remington Army and Navy Revolvers 1861-1888
- ^ Remingotn Army and Navy revolvers considers all belt models, and the Navy models as large frame
- ^ Butler, David F. (1971). United States Firearms: The first Century 1776-1875. Winchester Press. p. 208. ISBN 9780876910306.