Reichsgau Wien
The Reichsgau Vienna (German: Reichsgau Wien) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany based in Vienna, Austria. It existed between 1938 and 1945. Parts of Lower Austria were annexed to establish Greater Vienna, which then became the biggest city of Nazi Germany by area.
| Reichsgau Vienna | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichsgau of Nazi Germany | |||||
| 1938–1945 | |||||
Flag Coat of arms | |||||
Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue) | |||||
| Capital | Vienna | ||||
| Population | |||||
• 1939 | 1,920,390 | ||||
| History | |||||
| Government | |||||
| Gauleiter | |||||
• 1938–1939 | Odilo Globočnik | ||||
• 1939–1940 | Joseph Bürckel | ||||
• 1940–1945 | Baldur von Schirach | ||||
| History | |||||
| 12 March 1938 | |||||
| 8 May 1945 | |||||
| |||||
| Today part of | Austria | ||||
History
The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[1] On 12 March 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria and on 24 May the Austrian provinces were reorganized and replaced by seven Nazi party Gaue.[2] Under the Ostmarkgesetz law of 14 April 1939 with effect of 1 May, the Austrian Gaue were raised to the status of Reichsgaue and their Gauleiters were subsequently also named Reichsstatthalters.[3]
At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War. Local Gauleiters were in charge of propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onwards, the Volkssturm and the defence of the Gau.[1][4]
The position of Gauleiter in Vienna was initially held by Odilo Globočnik from 24 May 1938 to 30 January 1939, by Josef Bürckel to 2 August 1940 and by Baldur von Schirach for the remainder of the Reichsgau's history up to 8 May 1945.[5][6]
References
- ^ a b "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- ^ "Administration of Austria," The Times (London) 25 May 1938, page 15.
- ^ "Der "Anschluss" Österreichs 1938" [The annexation of Austria 1938]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- ^ "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- ^ "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- ^ "Reichsgau Wien". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
External links
- Illustrated list of Gauleiter