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Red-crested tree-rat

March 07, 2024

The red-crested tree-rat or Santa Marta toro (Santamartamys rufodorsalis) is a species of tree-rat found in the monotypic genus Santamartamys in the family Echimyidae. It is nocturnal and is believed to feed on plant matter, and is mainly rufous, with young specimens having a grey coat. IUCN list the species as critically endangered: it is affected by feral cats, climate change, and the clearing of forest in its potential range in coastal Colombia.

Red-crested tree-rat
Illustration of Santamartamys rufodorsalis
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Echimyidae
Subfamily: Echimyinae
Tribe: Echimyini
Genus: Santamartamys
Emmons, 2005
Species:
S. rufodorsalis
Binomial name
Santamartamys rufodorsalis
(J. A. Allen, 1899)
Synonyms
  • Diplomys rufodorsalis
  • Isothrix rufodorsalis

It is known only from three specimens, a specimen collected in 1898 in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and identified by Herbert Huntingdon Smith, a specimen identified by the American ornithologist and entomologist Melbourne Armstrong Carriker in 1913 at the same location, and a further specimen observed in the same location in 2011. Found at altitudes of 700 to 2,000 meters, the species is endemic to Colombia in an isolated area with high levels of biodiversity. The species was initially identified as Isothrix rufodorsalis in 1899, re-classified as Diplomys rufodorsalis in 1935, and the monotypic genus Santamartamys was created in 2005 for the species.

Discovery edit

On 24 December 1898, Herbert Huntingdon Smith identified the first specimen of Santamartamys in Ocana, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.[2] The specimen was of undetermined gender, and as all specimens of Smith's collections were collected by local hunters, there is no specific information regarding the location where the specimen was discovered.[2] A second specimen, also of undetermined gender, was discovered in around 1913 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta by Carriker, but there is not much information regarding its location either, or the date of discovery.[2] It is assumed that the specimen was obtained through a gift or was purchased. It was recorded as a Santamartamys specimen in 1913 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Despite several organized searches, no other specimens were discovered.[3]

However, on 4 May 2011, two volunteers from Fundación ProAves photographed one individual at 1,958 m (6,424 ft) above sea level in El Dorado ProAves Reserve (11°06′02.93″N 74°04′19.36″W / 11.1008139°N 74.0720444°W / 11.1008139; -74.0720444) that was subsequently identified by Paul Salaman.[4][5]

Description edit

Santamartamys specimens measure between 51 cm (20 in) from head to the tip of their tail, with their tails measuring between 18 and 28 cm (7.1 and 11.0 in).[6] The species can weigh up to 500 g (18 oz),[7] and has a woolly, soft, and long coat. The species is mainly rufous.[8] The hair on the dorsal region is of intense red coloring, and a large portion of the tail hair is black (basal), but the last two-fifths of the tail are white.[9] Its ears are small and light brown, and feature tufts of long hair on the inner surface, but lack hair on the outer surface. Between the eye and the ear, there is a tuft of long black hairs.[9] The thin whiskers can reach up to 13 cm (5 in) long, and has a strip of red fur around its neck.[8]

The upper surfaces of the front and rear legs are covered in a pale gray coat, and the hind legs are very short and wide.[9] The feet lack small tubercles and the thumb is covered by a nail.[8] Its skull is short and wide, and it has a heavy, large, and uncurved zygomatic bone.[9] The supraorbital ridge of the skull is large, and the interorbital region is very broad with nearly parallel sides.[9] The facial portion of the skull is very short, and the distance between the incisors and the molars is slightly less than the length of the coronary surface of its upper row of teeth.[9] Santamartamys has large eyes, which is consistent with its nocturnal behavior.[2] It has two pairs of udders on the lateral edge of the abdominal side coat.[8]

Young specimens of Santamartamys have a grey coat.[2] During the transition to the adult intense red coat, molting begins at the anterior region and moves backward.[2]

Behavior, distribution and habitat edit

Santamartamys is a nocturnal rodent,[5] and its diet is unknown, but it is assumed to feed on plant matter such as fruits or seeds, like similar species in family Echimyidae.[10] It is able to easily climb a vertical wooden surface. The specimen observed in 2011 made no sounds.[2] It is endemic to Colombia, and has only been found in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta at altitudes of 700 to 2,000 m (2,300 to 6,600 ft).[6] Due to the location's isolation and specific geological and climatic conditions, this mountainous region has high levels of biodiversity and endemism.[2] It is believed that the habitat of Santamartamys is suffering degradation.[1]

Classification edit

 
Joel Asaph Allen first described the species as Isothrix rufodorsalis in 1899.

Known as the "red-crested tree rat",[1] this species was originally described as Isothrix rufodorsalis by American biologist Joel Asaph Allen in 1899,[11] and was transferred to genus Diplomys in 1935 by George Henry Hamilton Tate. In 2005, its subfamily Echimyinae was revised by Louise Emmons from the Smithsonian Institution, and identified a number of unique features of this species, including the differences between the teeth of this species and others in genus Diplomys.[2] This resulted in the establishment of monotypic genus Santamartamys.[2]

The genus name Santamartamys comes from "Santa Marta", part of the name of the location where the specimens were found, and mys, meaning "mouse".[8] Rufodorsalis comes from Latin, with rufus and dorsalis meaning "red" and "back", respectively, referring to the color of this rodent.[8]

Phylogeny edit

Santamartamys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of Santamartamys is Diplomys, reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus.[11] These two genera constitute the sister group of the "Dactylomyines", a clade of South American bamboo rats.[12] All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys. In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with the clade containing Lonchothrix and Mesomys, and with Isothrix.[13]

Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyini.
root  
         
         
         
         
         

  Makalata

         

  Pattonomys

  Toromys
  (Giant tree-rat)

  "Eumysopines"  

  Isothrix

The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][13]

Threats and protection edit

Santamartamys was rediscovered on 4 May 2011 in El Dorado ProAves Reserve, a protected area of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.[2][22] Set up on 31 March 2006, this reserve covers 1,024 ha (2,530 acres) at an altitude between 950 and 2,600 m (3,120 and 8,530 ft), and contains a large number of endemic or endangered species.[23]

In 1990, Emmons believed that Santamartamys was one of the rarest Neotropical mammals.[6] The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) described the species as "Vulnerable" in 1996.[1] In 2008, IUCN re-classified it as "Data deficient",[1] given the lack of information regarding the distribution, ecology and habitat of this rodent.[2] Following a reassessment in 2011, the species was listed as "Critically endangered", with much of the forest in the potential range of the species having been cleared or degraded.[1] Much of its potential area is infested with feral cats (who feed on fauna),[3][7] and climate change is a long-term threat to the species.[1]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Lacher, T.; Roach, N. (2017). "Santamartamys rufodorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T6664A22210948. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T6664A22210948.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Noble, Elizabeth; McKeown, Simon; Sechrest, Wes (31 October 2011). "Rediscovery of Santamartamys rufodorsalis (Rodent: Echimyidae)". Conservación Colombiana (15): 40–43. ISSN 1900-1592.
  3. ^ a b "Spectacular mammal rediscovered after 113 years!". IUCN. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  4. ^ "Presumed Extinct, The Red-Crested Tree Rat Returns". NPR. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b (in Spanish). ProAves Colombia. 19 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. JHU Press. p. 1696. ISBN 9780801857898.
  7. ^ a b "Rediscovered in Santa Marta - rodent that has not been seen since 1898" (in Spanish). Semana. 18 May 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Emmons, Louise Hickock (2005). "A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), with descriptions of two new genera". Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). Vol. 133. University of California Press. pp. 247–310. ISBN 9780520098534.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Allen, Joel Asaph (1899). New Rodents from Colombia and Venezuela (PDF). Vol. 12. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.
  10. ^ BSi (2012), Santamartamys (Allen, 1899) (in Spanish), Sistema de información sobre biodiversidad in Colombia, archived from the original on January 1, 2013, retrieved 28 November 2014
  11. ^ a b Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Species Diplomys rufodorsalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1577. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  12. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Patton, James L.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641. ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.
  13. ^ a b Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
  14. ^ Lara, Márcia C.; Patton, James L.; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 5 (2): 403–413. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035. PMID 8728398.
  15. ^ Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L. (2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8. PMID 12450750.
  16. ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
  17. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
  18. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409. S2CID 83639441.
  19. ^ Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on Line. 12: 132–136.
  20. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
  21. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
  22. ^ Lost & Found. . Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  23. ^ "Reserva ProAves El Dorado" (in Spanish). Fundación ProAves. Retrieved 16 May 2020.

March 07, 2024
crested, tree, crested, tree, santa, marta, toro, santamartamys, rufodorsalis, species, tree, found, monotypic, genus, santamartamys, family, echimyidae, nocturnal, believed, feed, plant, matter, mainly, rufous, with, young, specimens, having, grey, coat, iucn. The red crested tree rat or Santa Marta toro Santamartamys rufodorsalis is a species of tree rat found in the monotypic genus Santamartamys in the family Echimyidae It is nocturnal and is believed to feed on plant matter and is mainly rufous with young specimens having a grey coat IUCN list the species as critically endangered it is affected by feral cats climate change and the clearing of forest in its potential range in coastal Colombia Red crested tree ratIllustration of Santamartamys rufodorsalisConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder RodentiaFamily EchimyidaeSubfamily EchimyinaeTribe EchimyiniGenus SantamartamysEmmons 2005Species S rufodorsalisBinomial nameSantamartamys rufodorsalis J A Allen 1899 SynonymsDiplomys rufodorsalis Isothrix rufodorsalisIt is known only from three specimens a specimen collected in 1898 in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and identified by Herbert Huntingdon Smith a specimen identified by the American ornithologist and entomologist Melbourne Armstrong Carriker in 1913 at the same location and a further specimen observed in the same location in 2011 Found at altitudes of 700 to 2 000 meters the species is endemic to Colombia in an isolated area with high levels of biodiversity The species was initially identified as Isothrix rufodorsalis in 1899 re classified as Diplomys rufodorsalis in 1935 and the monotypic genus Santamartamys was created in 2005 for the species Contents 1 Discovery 2 Description 3 Behavior distribution and habitat 4 Classification 5 Phylogeny 6 Threats and protection 7 See also 8 ReferencesDiscovery editOn 24 December 1898 Herbert Huntingdon Smith identified the first specimen of Santamartamys in Ocana Santa Marta Magdalena Colombia 2 The specimen was of undetermined gender and as all specimens of Smith s collections were collected by local hunters there is no specific information regarding the location where the specimen was discovered 2 A second specimen also of undetermined gender was discovered in around 1913 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta by Carriker but there is not much information regarding its location either or the date of discovery 2 It is assumed that the specimen was obtained through a gift or was purchased It was recorded as a Santamartamys specimen in 1913 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York Despite several organized searches no other specimens were discovered 3 However on 4 May 2011 two volunteers from Fundacion ProAves photographed one individual at 1 958 m 6 424 ft above sea level in El Dorado ProAves Reserve 11 06 02 93 N 74 04 19 36 W 11 1008139 N 74 0720444 W 11 1008139 74 0720444 that was subsequently identified by Paul Salaman 4 5 Description editSantamartamys specimens measure between 51 cm 20 in from head to the tip of their tail with their tails measuring between 18 and 28 cm 7 1 and 11 0 in 6 The species can weigh up to 500 g 18 oz 7 and has a woolly soft and long coat The species is mainly rufous 8 The hair on the dorsal region is of intense red coloring and a large portion of the tail hair is black basal but the last two fifths of the tail are white 9 Its ears are small and light brown and feature tufts of long hair on the inner surface but lack hair on the outer surface Between the eye and the ear there is a tuft of long black hairs 9 The thin whiskers can reach up to 13 cm 5 in long and has a strip of red fur around its neck 8 The upper surfaces of the front and rear legs are covered in a pale gray coat and the hind legs are very short and wide 9 The feet lack small tubercles and the thumb is covered by a nail 8 Its skull is short and wide and it has a heavy large and uncurved zygomatic bone 9 The supraorbital ridge of the skull is large and the interorbital region is very broad with nearly parallel sides 9 The facial portion of the skull is very short and the distance between the incisors and the molars is slightly less than the length of the coronary surface of its upper row of teeth 9 Santamartamys has large eyes which is consistent with its nocturnal behavior 2 It has two pairs of udders on the lateral edge of the abdominal side coat 8 Young specimens of Santamartamys have a grey coat 2 During the transition to the adult intense red coat molting begins at the anterior region and moves backward 2 Behavior distribution and habitat editSantamartamys is a nocturnal rodent 5 and its diet is unknown but it is assumed to feed on plant matter such as fruits or seeds like similar species in family Echimyidae 10 It is able to easily climb a vertical wooden surface The specimen observed in 2011 made no sounds 2 It is endemic to Colombia and has only been found in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta at altitudes of 700 to 2 000 m 2 300 to 6 600 ft 6 Due to the location s isolation and specific geological and climatic conditions this mountainous region has high levels of biodiversity and endemism 2 It is believed that the habitat of Santamartamys is suffering degradation 1 Classification edit nbsp Joel Asaph Allen first described the species as Isothrix rufodorsalis in 1899 Known as the red crested tree rat 1 this species was originally described as Isothrix rufodorsalis by American biologist Joel Asaph Allen in 1899 11 and was transferred to genus Diplomys in 1935 by George Henry Hamilton Tate In 2005 its subfamily Echimyinae was revised by Louise Emmons from the Smithsonian Institution and identified a number of unique features of this species including the differences between the teeth of this species and others in genus Diplomys 2 This resulted in the establishment of monotypic genus Santamartamys 2 The genus name Santamartamys comes from Santa Marta part of the name of the location where the specimens were found and mys meaning mouse 8 Rufodorsalis comes from Latin with rufus and dorsalis meaning red and back respectively referring to the color of this rodent 8 Phylogeny editSantamartamys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents The closest relative of Santamartamys is Diplomys reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus 11 These two genera constitute the sister group of the Dactylomyines a clade of South American bamboo rats 12 All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys Phyllomys Makalata Pattonomys and Toromys In turn these genera share phylogenetic affinities with the clade containing Lonchothrix and Mesomys and with Isothrix 13 Genus level cladogram of the Echimyini root Echimys Phyllomys Makalata Pattonomys Toromys Giant tree rat Dactylomyines Dactylomys Olallamys Kannabateomys Atlantic bamboo rat Diplomys Santamartamys Red crested tree rat Eumysopines Lonchothrix Tuft tailed spiny tree rat Mesomys IsothrixThe cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 Threats and protection editSantamartamys was rediscovered on 4 May 2011 in El Dorado ProAves Reserve a protected area of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 2 22 Set up on 31 March 2006 this reserve covers 1 024 ha 2 530 acres at an altitude between 950 and 2 600 m 3 120 and 8 530 ft and contains a large number of endemic or endangered species 23 In 1990 Emmons believed that Santamartamys was one of the rarest Neotropical mammals 6 The International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN described the species as Vulnerable in 1996 1 In 2008 IUCN re classified it as Data deficient 1 given the lack of information regarding the distribution ecology and habitat of this rodent 2 Following a reassessment in 2011 the species was listed as Critically endangered with much of the forest in the potential range of the species having been cleared or degraded 1 Much of its potential area is infested with feral cats who feed on fauna 3 7 and climate change is a long term threat to the species 1 See also editFauna of Colombia IUCN Red ListReferences edit a b c d e f g Lacher T Roach N 2017 Santamartamys rufodorsalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T6664A22210948 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T6664A22210948 en Retrieved 17 November 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l Noble Elizabeth McKeown Simon Sechrest Wes 31 October 2011 Rediscovery of Santamartamys rufodorsalis Rodent Echimyidae Conservacion Colombiana 15 40 43 ISSN 1900 1592 a b Spectacular mammal rediscovered after 113 years IUCN 19 May 2011 Retrieved 28 November 2014 Presumed Extinct The Red Crested Tree Rat Returns NPR 19 May 2011 Retrieved 18 November 2012 a b Espectacular mamifero redescubierto despues de 113 anos en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Spanish ProAves Colombia 19 May 2011 Archived from the original on 2011 08 23 Retrieved 28 November 2014 a b c Nowak Ronald M 1999 Walker s Mammals of the World Vol 1 JHU Press p 1696 ISBN 9780801857898 a b Rediscovered in Santa Marta rodent that has not been seen since 1898 in Spanish Semana 18 May 2011 a b c d e f Emmons Louise Hickock 2005 A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae Rodentia Echimyidae Echimyinae with descriptions of two new genera Mammalian Diversification From Chromosomes to phylogeography A Celebration of the Career of James L Patton Vol 133 University of California Press pp 247 310 ISBN 9780520098534 a b c d e f Allen Joel Asaph 1899 New Rodents from Colombia and Venezuela PDF Vol 12 Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History BSi 2012 Santamartamys Allen 1899 in Spanish Sistema de informacion sobre biodiversidad in Colombia archived from the original on January 1 2013 retrieved 28 November 2014 a b Woods C A Kilpatrick C W 2005 Species Diplomys rufodorsalis In Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press p 1577 ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 Fabre Pierre Henri Patton James L Leite Yuri L R 2016 Family Echimyidae hutias South American spiny rats and coypu In Wilson Don E Lacher Thomas E Jr Mittermeier Russell A eds Handbook of the Mammals of the World Vol 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I Barcelona Lynx Edicions pp 552 641 ISBN 978 84 941892 3 4 a b Fabre Pierre Henri Upham Nathan S Emmons Louise H Justy Fabienne Leite Yuri L R Loss Ana Carolina Orlando Ludovic Tilak Marie Ka Patterson Bruce D Douzery Emmanuel J P 2017 03 01 Mitogenomic Phylogeny Diversification and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 3 613 633 doi 10 1093 molbev msw261 ISSN 0737 4038 PMID 28025278 Lara Marcia C Patton James L da Silva Maria Nazareth F 1996 The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents Hystricognathi Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5 2 403 413 doi 10 1006 mpev 1996 0035 PMID 8728398 Leite Yuri L R Patton James L 2002 Evolution of South American spiny rats Rodentia Echimyidae the star phylogeny hypothesis revisited Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 3 455 464 doi 10 1016 s1055 7903 02 00279 8 PMID 12450750 Galewski Thomas Mauffrey Jean Francois Leite Yuri L R Patton James L Douzery Emmanuel J P 2005 Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats Rodentia Echimyidae a phylogenetic and chronological approach Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 3 601 615 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2004 11 015 PMID 15683932 Upham Nathan S Patterson Bruce D 2012 Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea Rodentia Hystricognathi Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63 2 417 429 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2012 01 020 PMID 22327013 Fabre Pierre Henri Galewski Thomas Tilak Marie ka Douzery Emmanuel J P 2013 03 01 Diversification of South American spiny rats Echimyidae a multigene phylogenetic approach Zoologica Scripta 42 2 117 134 doi 10 1111 j 1463 6409 2012 00572 x ISSN 1463 6409 S2CID 83639441 Loss Ana Moura Raquel T Leite Yuri L R 2014 Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus Rodentia Echimyidae PDF Natureza on Line 12 132 136 Fabre Pierre Henri Vilstrup Julia T Raghavan Maanasa Der Sarkissian Clio Willerslev Eske Douzery Emmanuel J P Orlando Ludovic 2014 07 01 Rodents of the Caribbean origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next generation museomics Biology Letters 10 7 20140266 doi 10 1098 rsbl 2014 0266 ISSN 1744 9561 PMC 4126619 PMID 25115033 Upham Nathan S Patterson Bruce D 2015 Evolution of Caviomorph rodents a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera In Vassallo Aldo Ivan Antenucci Daniel eds Biology of caviomorph rodents diversity and evolution Buenos Aires SAREM Series A Mammalogical Research Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos pp 63 120 Lost amp Found Lost amp Found Once upon a time there was an adventurer Archived from the original on 2017 04 28 Retrieved 2018 04 08 Reserva ProAves El Dorado in Spanish Fundacion ProAves Retrieved 16 May 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red crested tree rat amp oldid 1211272905, 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