Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ fī sīrat al-anbiyāʾ w-al-mulūk w-al-khulafāʾ (روضة الصفا في سیرة الانبياء والملوك والخلفاء, ‘The Gardens of purity in the biography of the prophets and kings and caliphs’) or Rawdatu 's-safa is a Persian-language history of the origins of Islam, early Islamic civilisation, and Persian history by Mīr-Khvānd.[1] The text was originally completed in seven volumes in 1497 AD;[2] the eighth volume is a geographical index.[3] The work is very scholarly, Mīr-Khvānd used nineteen major Arabic histories and twenty-two major Persian ones as well as others which he occasionally quotes.[4] His work was the basis for many subsequent histories including the works of Hajjī Khalfah.[4]
Mīr-Khvānd made little attempt at a critical examination of historical traditions, and wrote in a flowery and often bombastic style.[4] It comprises seven large volumes and a geographical appendix; but the seventh volume, the history of the sultan Ḥosayn, together with a short account of some later events down to 1523, cannot have been written by Mīr-Khvvānd himself, who died in 1498. He may have compiled the preface, but it was his grandson, the historian Khvānd-Amīr (1475–1534), who continued the main portion of this volume and to whom also a part of the appendix must be ascribed.
Manuscripts, editions and translationsedit
There are various different Persian manuscripts in Iran, Vienna, Paris, and London. A Persian edition was published in Paris in 1843 as Histoire des Samanides par Mirkhond. It was published fully in Persian in 1843 (Paris) and lithographed in Mumbai (1848 or 1852). The standard edition used in scholarship is the Persian edition Tarikh i Rawzat al-Safa (7 vols) by Abbas Parviz (Tehran, 1959).[5][6]
Translationsedit
Owing to its popularity, the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ has undergone several editions and translations. Around 1596, Pedro Teixeira prepared a Spanish translation of the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafā̄ʾ. The book was partially translated into English in 1715,[7] the Tahirid and Saffarid portions (of chapter 2.3-4) into Latin in 1782,[8] and the Sassanid portion (of chapter 1.2) into French in 1793.[9] A section was translated as Mirchondi Historia Seldschukidarum (1838) by Johann August Vullers.
From 1892 to 1893, a translation of the first book (up to the Rashidun caliphs) into English was prepared by the Orientalist Edward Rehatsek and edited by Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot for the Royal Asiatic Society, in two parts.[10] The Vie de Mahomet d'après la tradition by E. Lamairesse and Gaston Dujarric was translated from the English (1897).[11]
Mentions of Jesusedit
Mir Khvand makes mention of Jesus from the Quran.[12] Mir Khvand records a number of miracles related to Jesus, including those mentioned in the Koran, such as Jesus speaking from the cradle, healing lepers, and raising the dead.[13]
The text in Edward Rehatsek's translation of the Garden of Purity[14] contains a version of the Abgar legend, regarding the conversion of King Abgar of Edessa (called Nassibin or Nasibain in the Persian text) before the crucifixion:
Historians have reported that in the time of I’sa — u. w. b., etc. — there was a king in the country of Nassibin who was very arrogant and tyrannical. I’sa having been sent on a mission to him, started towards Nassibin. When he arrived in the vicinity, he halted and said to his apostles: ‘Which of you will enter the city and say: I’sa, who is a servant of Allah, His messenger and His word, is coming to you.’
Ghulam Ahmad (Urdu 1899, English 1978) and later publications of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community such as Review of Religions give a paraphrase of the Abgar story from Mir Kvand's Rawżat aṣ-ṣafā̄ʾ, also apparently placing the story of Jesus’s travels to Syria during his ministry and before the crucifixion,[15] though later Ahmadi writers infer the events are after the crucifixion.[16] Ahmad considered that "If the report in the Rauzat-us-Safaa is correct, it appears that, by travelling to Nasibain, Jesus intended to go to Afghanistan through Persia, and to invite to the Truth the lost tribes of Jews who had come to be known as Afghans."[17][18]
Editionsedit
English (re-print) via Zavia Books, with translation by Sheikh Syed Mubarik Ali Jilani Hashimi (2005).
English in 1832 – “no oriental work that stood higher in public estimation than this”.[3]
Arabic (1988) – روضة الصفا في سيرة الأنبياء والملوك والخلفاء - محمد بن خاوندشاه - الدار المصرية للكتاب؛ المحقق السباعس محمد السباعي, أحمد عبد القادر الشاذلي
^Sometimes the date is stated as 1417 owing to a transcription error; however, Mīr-Khvānd wasn't born until 1433; see Henry Miers Elliot, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period, ed. John Dowson (London: Trübner and Co., 1872), 127-129; OCLC 3425271, available in full text from Google Books.
^ ab. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
^Andrew J. Newman, University of Edinburgh Society and Culture in the Early Modern Middle East: Studies on Iran in the Safavid Period. Leiden, Brill, 2003, xxi + 429 p. Page 24 "E. Rehatsek as Rauzat-us-sqfa or, Garden of Purity. 3 vols, ed. F.F. Arbuthnot, Oriental Translation Fund, New Series 1 (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1891). Hereafter citations will be for the Persian edition. In those cases where I have used "
^M. Th Houtsma E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 reprint 1987 Page 515 MIR KHAWAND. historian, author of the Rawdat al-Safa' ("Garden of Purity"). He was ... It was lithographed in Bombay 1848, in Tehran 1852; a Turkish translation appeared at Constantinople in 1842; partial translations were made by Jenisch, Mitscharlik, Wilken, Vullers, Shea (O. T. F. series), Rehatsek (T. F. series), Jourdain and Silvestre de Sacy (Journal de Savans 1837)"
^Mīr-Khvānd, History of Persia ...: to which is added an abridgment of the lives of kings of Harmuz, or Ormuz, transl. from Spanish text of Pedro Teixeira by John Stevens (London: J. Brown, 1715); OCLC 82155967.
^Mīr-Khvānd, Historia priorum regum Persarum: Post firmatum un regno Islamismum, transl. Freiherr von Bernhard Jenisch (Vienna: Typis Josephi Nobilis de Kurzbeck, 1782); OCLC 46759841.
^Mīr-Khvānd, Mémoires sur diverses antiquités de la Perse, et sur les médailles des rois de la dynastie des Sassanides; suivis de l'Histoire de cette dynastie, traduite du Persan de Mirkhond, transl. Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (Paris, 1793); OCLC 150200240, available in full text via Google Books. The text of this section starts at p. 271.
^Mīr-Khvānd, The Rauzat-us-safa, or, Garden of purity: containing the histories of prophets, kings, and khalifs by Muhammad bin Khâvendshâh bin Mahmûd, commonly called Mirkhond, transl. Edward Rehatsek, ed. Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot (London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1892 and 1893); OCLC 1549524.
^Charles Piepenbring Jésus historique 1909 - Page 216 "RAUZAT-US-SAFA (Jardin de Pureté) Bible de l'Islam - Théologie musulmane ou l'Histoire Sainte suivant la foi Musulmane par l'historien persan Mirkhond, traduite de l'anglais par E. Lamairesse.
^Pedro Moura Carvalho Mir??t Al-quds (Mirror of Holiness): A Life of Christ for Emperor 2011... - Page 63 "On another occasion, Mir Khvand states that the Gospel was sent down to Jesus, creating an interesting parallel with the Quran.132 He also records a number of miracles related to Jesus, including those mentioned in the Koran, such as ..."
^Pedro Moura Carvalho Mirʾāt al-quds (Mirror of Holiness): A Life of Christ for Emperor Akbar. 2011 - Page 63 "... creating an interesting parallel with the Koran.132 He also records a number of miracles related to Jesus, including those mentioned in the Koran, such as Jesus speaking from the cradle, healing lepers, raising the dead, and providing from "
^Ghulam AhmadMasih Hindustan-mein Urdu 1899 Jesus in India: being an account of Jesus' escape from death on the cross English translation 1978 - Page 63 "“Journeying from his country, he arrived at Nasibain. With him were a few of his disciples whom he sent into the city to preach. In the city, however, there were current wrong and unfounded rumors about Jesus (on whom be peace) and his mother. The governor of the city, therefore, arrested the disciples and then summoned Jesus. Jesus miraculously healed some persons and exhibited other miracles. The king of the territory of Nasibain, therefore, with all his armies and his people, became a follower of his.."
^Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin, ‘Evidence of Jesus in India’, Review of Religions 97.4 (April 2002), 48–68; [1]; Khwaja Nazir Ahmad, Jesus in Heaven on Earth (Lahore: Working Muslim Mission & Literary Trust, 1952); OCLC 18112423
^Ghulam Ahmad Masih Hindustan-mein 1899 English edition 1978 "If the report in the Rauzat-us-Safaa is correct, it appears that, by travelling to Nasibain, Jesus intended to go to Afghanistan through Persia, and to invite to the Truth the lost tribes of Jews who had come to be known as Afghans."
rawżat, aṣ, ṣafāʾ, sīrat, anbiyāʾ, mulūk, khulafāʾ, روضة, الصفا, في, سیرة, الانبياء, والملوك, والخلفاء, gardens, purity, biography, prophets, kings, caliphs, rawdatu, safa, persian, language, history, origins, islam, early, islamic, civilisation, persian, hist. Rawzat aṣ ṣafaʾ fi sirat al anbiyaʾ w al muluk w al khulafaʾ روضة الصفا في سیرة الانبياء والملوك والخلفاء The Gardens of purity in the biography of the prophets and kings and caliphs or Rawdatu s safa is a Persian language history of the origins of Islam early Islamic civilisation and Persian history by Mir Khvand 1 The text was originally completed in seven volumes in 1497 AD 2 the eighth volume is a geographical index 3 The work is very scholarly Mir Khvand used nineteen major Arabic histories and twenty two major Persian ones as well as others which he occasionally quotes 4 His work was the basis for many subsequent histories including the works of Hajji Khalfah 4 Yazdegerd III flees to the mill in Merv Page from the Safavid manuscript of Rawzat aṣ ṣafaʾ from 1595 Chester Beatty Library Contents 1 Style 1 1 Manuscripts editions and translations 1 2 Translations 2 Mentions of Jesus 3 Editions 4 Notes 5 Work online 6 See alsoStyle editMir Khvand made little attempt at a critical examination of historical traditions and wrote in a flowery and often bombastic style 4 It comprises seven large volumes and a geographical appendix but the seventh volume the history of the sultan Ḥosayn together with a short account of some later events down to 1523 cannot have been written by Mir Khvvand himself who died in 1498 He may have compiled the preface but it was his grandson the historian Khvand Amir 1475 1534 who continued the main portion of this volume and to whom also a part of the appendix must be ascribed Manuscripts editions and translations edit There are various different Persian manuscripts in Iran Vienna Paris and London A Persian edition was published in Paris in 1843 as Histoire des Samanides par Mirkhond It was published fully in Persian in 1843 Paris and lithographed in Mumbai 1848 or 1852 The standard edition used in scholarship is the Persian edition Tarikh i Rawzat al Safa 7 vols by Abbas Parviz Tehran 1959 5 6 Translations edit Owing to its popularity the Rawzat aṣ ṣafaʾ has undergone several editions and translations Around 1596 Pedro Teixeira prepared a Spanish translation of the Rawzat aṣ ṣafa ʾ The book was partially translated into English in 1715 7 the Tahirid and Saffarid portions of chapter 2 3 4 into Latin in 1782 8 and the Sassanid portion of chapter 1 2 into French in 1793 9 A section was translated as Mirchondi Historia Seldschukidarum 1838 by Johann August Vullers From 1892 to 1893 a translation of the first book up to the Rashidun caliphs into English was prepared by the Orientalist Edward Rehatsek and edited by Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot for the Royal Asiatic Society in two parts 10 The Vie de Mahomet d apres la tradition by E Lamairesse and Gaston Dujarric was translated from the English 1897 11 Mentions of Jesus editMir Khvand makes mention of Jesus from the Quran 12 Mir Khvand records a number of miracles related to Jesus including those mentioned in the Koran such as Jesus speaking from the cradle healing lepers and raising the dead 13 The text in Edward Rehatsek s translation of the Garden of Purity 14 contains a version of the Abgar legend regarding the conversion of King Abgar of Edessa called Nassibin or Nasibain in the Persian text before the crucifixion Historians have reported that in the time of I sa u w b etc there was a king in the country of Nassibin who was very arrogant and tyrannical I sa having been sent on a mission to him started towards Nassibin When he arrived in the vicinity he halted and said to his apostles Which of you will enter the city and say I sa who is a servant of Allah His messenger and His word is coming to you Ghulam Ahmad Urdu 1899 English 1978 and later publications of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community such as Review of Religions give a paraphrase of the Abgar story from Mir Kvand s Rawzat aṣ ṣafa ʾ also apparently placing the story of Jesus s travels to Syria during his ministry and before the crucifixion 15 though later Ahmadi writers infer the events are after the crucifixion 16 Ahmad considered that If the report in the Rauzat us Safaa is correct it appears that by travelling to Nasibain Jesus intended to go to Afghanistan through Persia and to invite to the Truth the lost tribes of Jews who had come to be known as Afghans 17 18 Editions editEnglish re print via Zavia Books with translation by Sheikh Syed Mubarik Ali Jilani Hashimi 2005 English in 1832 no oriental work that stood higher in public estimation than this 3 Nawal Kishore Press Lucknow n d 1 Arabic 1988 روضة الصفا في سيرة الأنبياء والملوك والخلفاء محمد بن خاوندشاه الدار المصرية للكتاب المحقق السباعس محمد السباعي أحمد عبد القادر الشاذليNotes edit a b Imamate Archived 2009 08 21 at the Wayback Machine Sometimes the date is stated as 1417 owing to a transcription error however Mir Khvand wasn t born until 1433 see Henry Miers Elliot The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians The Muhammadan Period ed John Dowson London Trubner and Co 1872 127 129 OCLC 3425271 available in full text from Google Books a b Salaam Knowledge Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2018 03 08 a b c Elliot History 129 Andrew J Newman University of Edinburgh Society and Culture in the Early Modern Middle East Studies on Iran in the Safavid Period Leiden Brill 2003 xxi 429 p Page 24 E Rehatsek as Rauzat us sqfa or Garden of Purity 3 vols ed F F Arbuthnot Oriental Translation Fund New Series 1 London Royal Asiatic Society 1891 Hereafter citations will be for the Persian edition In those cases where I have used M Th Houtsma E J Brill s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 reprint 1987 Page 515 MIR KHAWAND historian author of the Rawdat al Safa Garden of Purity He was It was lithographed in Bombay 1848 in Tehran 1852 a Turkish translation appeared at Constantinople in 1842 partial translations were made by Jenisch Mitscharlik Wilken Vullers Shea O T F series Rehatsek T F series Jourdain and Silvestre de Sacy Journal de Savans 1837 Mir Khvand History of Persia to which is added an abridgment of the lives of kings of Harmuz or Ormuz transl from Spanish text of Pedro Teixeira by John Stevens London J Brown 1715 OCLC 82155967 Mir Khvand Historia priorum regum Persarum Post firmatum un regno Islamismum transl Freiherr von Bernhard Jenisch Vienna Typis Josephi Nobilis de Kurzbeck 1782 OCLC 46759841 Mir Khvand Memoires sur diverses antiquites de la Perse et sur les medailles des rois de la dynastie des Sassanides suivis de l Histoire de cette dynastie traduite du Persan de Mirkhond transl Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy Paris 1793 OCLC 150200240 available in full text via Google Books The text of this section starts at p 271 Mir Khvand The Rauzat us safa or Garden of purity containing the histories of prophets kings and khalifs by Muhammad bin Khavendshah bin Mahmud commonly called Mirkhond transl Edward Rehatsek ed Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot London Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1892 and 1893 OCLC 1549524 Charles Piepenbring Jesus historique 1909 Page 216 RAUZAT US SAFA Jardin de Purete Bible de l Islam Theologie musulmane ou l Histoire Sainte suivant la foi Musulmane par l historien persan Mirkhond traduite de l anglais par E Lamairesse Pedro Moura Carvalho Mir t Al quds Mirror of Holiness A Life of Christ for Emperor 2011 Page 63 On another occasion Mir Khvand states that the Gospel was sent down to Jesus creating an interesting parallel with the Quran 132 He also records a number of miracles related to Jesus including those mentioned in the Koran such as Pedro Moura Carvalho Mirʾat al quds Mirror of Holiness A Life of Christ for Emperor Akbar 2011 Page 63 creating an interesting parallel with the Koran 132 He also records a number of miracles related to Jesus including those mentioned in the Koran such as Jesus speaking from the cradle healing lepers raising the dead and providing from Edward Rehatsek translation online Ghulam Ahmad Masih Hindustan mein Urdu 1899 Jesus in India being an account of Jesus escape from death on the cross English translation 1978 Page 63 Journeying from his country he arrived at Nasibain With him were a few of his disciples whom he sent into the city to preach In the city however there were current wrong and unfounded rumors about Jesus on whom be peace and his mother The governor of the city therefore arrested the disciples and then summoned Jesus Jesus miraculously healed some persons and exhibited other miracles The king of the territory of Nasibain therefore with all his armies and his people became a follower of his Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin Evidence of Jesus in India Review of Religions 97 4 April 2002 48 68 1 Khwaja Nazir Ahmad Jesus in Heaven on Earth Lahore Working Muslim Mission amp Literary Trust 1952 OCLC 18112423 Ghulam Ahmad Masih Hindustan mein 1899 English edition 1978 If the report in the Rauzat us Safaa is correct it appears that by travelling to Nasibain Jesus intended to go to Afghanistan through Persia and to invite to the Truth the lost tribes of Jews who had come to be known as Afghans Almadiyya Muslim Community Review of ReligionsWork online editElliot H M Henry Miers Sir John Dowson 1871 23 Rawzat aṣ ṣafaʾ of Mirkhond The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians The Muhammadan Period Vol 4 London Trubner amp Co a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link See also editList of Sunni books Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rawzat aṣ ṣafaʾ amp oldid 1219288073, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
