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Raoul Salan

January 07, 2023

Raoul Albin Louis Salan CBE (French pronunciation: ​[ʁaul salɑ̃]; 10 June 1899 – 3 July 1984) was a French Army general. He served as the fourth French commanding general during the First Indochina War. He was one of four retired generals who organized the 1961 Algiers Putsch operation.[1] He was the founder of the Organisation armée secrète and the most decorated soldier in the French Army at the end of his military career.

Raoul Salan

CBE
Birth nameRaoul Albin Louis Salan
Born(1899-06-10)10 June 1899
Roquecourbe, France
Died3 July 1984(1984-07-03) (aged 85)
Paris, France
Allegiance France
Organisation armée secrète
Service/branchFrench Army
Years of service1917–1959
RankGénéral d'Armée
Commands held6th Senegalese Tirailleur Regiment
14th Infantry Division
French Far East Expeditionary Corps
French forces in Algeria
Battles/warsWorld War I
World War II
First Indochina War
Algerian War
Algiers putsch of 1961
AwardsGrand Cross of the Legion of Honor
Other workLeader of the OAS

World War I

 
Raoul Salan parading on the Champs-Élysées at the head of the 14th Infantry Division, 18 June 1945. (fr)

Salan was born on 10 June 1899 in Roquecourbe, Tarn.[1] Enlisted in the French Army for the duration of the war on 2 August 1917, he was accepted in the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr[1] on 21 August 1917, being assigned to the cadet student platoon of the 16th Infantry Regiment stationed at Montbrison, as part of the promotion "de Saint-Odile et de La Fayette" (1917-1918).[2][3] Salan graduated as an aspirant on 25 July 1918, and was assigned to the 5th Colonial Infantry Regiment (5e RIC) in Lyon on 14 August 1918.

As a platoon leader in the 5e RIC's 11e Compagnie, he took part in the fighting in the Verdun region (Saint-Mihiel, Les Éparges, Fort de Bois-Bourru, Côte de Oie, Cumières-le-Mort-Homme). He was mentioned in the Order of the Brigade by Order dated 29 December 1918.

World War II

Until France's surrender in World War II, Colonel Salan commanded a battalion of Senegalese troops. At first he sided with the Vichy Government, but when the tide turned to the Allied side, he campaigned hard and successfully in southern France with General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny's troops. [4] Between the world wars he was attached in various capacities to the Ministry of Colonies, and in 1941–43 he served with the Free French forces in French West Africa. After participating in the Allied invasion of France in 1944, he went to Indochina in 1945 and was commander in chief there during 1952–53. [5]

Indochina and Algeria

Salan served as the commander of French forces in Vietnam from 1945 to 1947.[6] By 1948, he was commander of all French land forces in East Asia, and after the death of Jean de Lattre de Tassigny in 1952, Salan became the commander-in-chief in Indochina.[6]

 
French General Salan and the Lao Prince Sisavang Vatthana in Luang Prabang, 4 May 1953

Salan served as commander-in-chief of French forces in French Algeria in 1956.[6] In 1958, Salan called for the return to power of Charles De Gaulle, believing that the latter would protect French Algeria.[6] He retired shortly after, first moving to Spain, then to mainland France.[6] He was banned from entering Algeria in 1960.[6]

Nevertheless, Salan returned to Algeria to organize the putsch on 21 April 1961 with André Zeller, Edmond Jouhaud and Maurice Challe.[6] After the failure of the putsch, he became the chief of Organisation armée secrète (OAS), which attempted to disrupt the April 1962 Peace Evian Accords.[6] He was arrested in April 1962.[6]

Salan was charged with treason[7] and condemned in absentia to death. Then, in April 1962, he was arrested[8] in Algiers. The death sentence on him was commuted to life imprisonment. He was pardoned in 1968.[1]

Death

 
Grave.

Salan died on 3 July 1984. Every year, former members of the OAS bring flowers to his tomb on his death anniversary.[9]

Decorations

Salan was the most decorated soldier in the French Army.[6][10]

 
A ribbon bar featuring all decorations received by General Salan

French and Colonial Decorations

Foreign Decorations

Bibliography

  • Mémoires Fin d’un empire (4 volumes), Editions Presses de la Cité, 1970–74
    • Le sens d’ un engagement, 1970
    • Le Viêt-minh mon adversaire, 1971
    • Algérie française, 1972
    • L'Algérie de Gaulle et moi, 1974

References

  1. ^ a b c d Krebs, Albin (July 4, 1984). "RAOUL SALAN DIES; LED ALGERIA PLOT". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  2. ^ "Saint-Cyr – Promotion « de Saint-Odile et de La Fayette » (1917~1918) - Forum PAGES 14-18". forum.pages14-18.com. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Boÿ, Général de brigade (2s) Jean (25 October 2010). "Historique des 101e et 102e promotions (1917-18), promotions de Sainte-Odile et de La Fayette" (PDF). La Saint-Cyrienne: 11 – via Saint-Cyr.org.
  4. ^ "Raoul Salan Dies; Led Algeria Plot".
  5. ^ "Raoul Salan | French general | Britannica".
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Gen. Raoul Salan. France's most decorated soldier dies". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. July 4, 1984. p. 10. Retrieved June 5, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ TIME Magazine Friday, 25 May 1962
  8. ^ TIME Magazine Friday, 27 Apr 1962
  9. ^ Cros, Philippe (June 11, 2014). "Les " fidèles " du chef de l'OAS commémorent". La Montagne. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  10. ^ Krebs, Albin (1984-07-04). "RAOUL SALAN DIES; LED ALGERIA PLOT". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-01.

Further reading

  • Alexander, Martin S., and John FV Keiger, eds. France and the Algerian War, 1954-1962: Strategy, Operations and Diplomacy (Routledge, 2013)
  • General Paul Aussaresses, The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955-1957. (New York: Enigma Books, 2010) ISBN 978-1-929631-30-8.

External links

  • (in French) Association of Friends of Raoul Salan
  • (in French) by Madeleine Rebérioux
  • BBC article on Salan's 1962 sentencing
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raoul Salan.

January 07, 2023
raoul, salan, raoul, albin, louis, salan, french, pronunciation, ʁaul, salɑ, june, 1899, july, 1984, french, army, general, served, fourth, french, commanding, general, during, first, indochina, four, retired, generals, organized, 1961, algiers, putsch, operat. Raoul Albin Louis Salan CBE French pronunciation ʁaul salɑ 10 June 1899 3 July 1984 was a French Army general He served as the fourth French commanding general during the First Indochina War He was one of four retired generals who organized the 1961 Algiers Putsch operation 1 He was the founder of the Organisation armee secrete and the most decorated soldier in the French Army at the end of his military career Raoul SalanCBEBirth nameRaoul Albin Louis SalanBorn 1899 06 10 10 June 1899Roquecourbe FranceDied3 July 1984 1984 07 03 aged 85 Paris FranceAllegiance France Organisation armee secreteService wbr branchFrench ArmyYears of service1917 1959RankGeneral d ArmeeCommands held6th Senegalese Tirailleur Regiment14th Infantry DivisionFrench Far East Expeditionary CorpsFrench forces in AlgeriaBattles warsWorld War IWorld War IIFirst Indochina WarAlgerian WarAlgiers putsch of 1961AwardsGrand Cross of the Legion of HonorOther workLeader of the OAS Contents 1 World War I 2 World War II 3 Indochina and Algeria 4 Death 5 Decorations 6 Bibliography 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksWorld War I Edit Raoul Salan parading on the Champs Elysees at the head of the 14th Infantry Division 18 June 1945 fr Salan was born on 10 June 1899 in Roquecourbe Tarn 1 Enlisted in the French Army for the duration of the war on 2 August 1917 he was accepted in the Ecole speciale militaire de Saint Cyr 1 on 21 August 1917 being assigned to the cadet student platoon of the 16th Infantry Regiment stationed at Montbrison as part of the promotion de Saint Odile et de La Fayette 1917 1918 2 3 Salan graduated as an aspirant on 25 July 1918 and was assigned to the 5th Colonial Infantry Regiment 5e RIC in Lyon on 14 August 1918 As a platoon leader in the 5e RIC s 11e Compagnie he took part in the fighting in the Verdun region Saint Mihiel Les Eparges Fort de Bois Bourru Cote de Oie Cumieres le Mort Homme He was mentioned in the Order of the Brigade by Order dated 29 December 1918 World War II EditThis section is empty You can help by adding to it November 2021 Until France s surrender in World War II Colonel Salan commanded a battalion of Senegalese troops At first he sided with the Vichy Government but when the tide turned to the Allied side he campaigned hard and successfully in southern France with General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny s troops 4 Between the world wars he was attached in various capacities to the Ministry of Colonies and in 1941 43 he served with the Free French forces in French West Africa After participating in the Allied invasion of France in 1944 he went to Indochina in 1945 and was commander in chief there during 1952 53 5 Indochina and Algeria EditSalan served as the commander of French forces in Vietnam from 1945 to 1947 6 By 1948 he was commander of all French land forces in East Asia and after the death of Jean de Lattre de Tassigny in 1952 Salan became the commander in chief in Indochina 6 French General Salan and the Lao Prince Sisavang Vatthana in Luang Prabang 4 May 1953 Salan served as commander in chief of French forces in French Algeria in 1956 6 In 1958 Salan called for the return to power of Charles De Gaulle believing that the latter would protect French Algeria 6 He retired shortly after first moving to Spain then to mainland France 6 He was banned from entering Algeria in 1960 6 Nevertheless Salan returned to Algeria to organize the putsch on 21 April 1961 with Andre Zeller Edmond Jouhaud and Maurice Challe 6 After the failure of the putsch he became the chief of Organisation armee secrete OAS which attempted to disrupt the April 1962 Peace Evian Accords 6 He was arrested in April 1962 6 Salan was charged with treason 7 and condemned in absentia to death Then in April 1962 he was arrested 8 in Algiers The death sentence on him was commuted to life imprisonment He was pardoned in 1968 1 Death Edit Grave Salan died on 3 July 1984 Every year former members of the OAS bring flowers to his tomb on his death anniversary 9 Decorations EditSalan was the most decorated soldier in the French Army 6 10 A ribbon bar featuring all decorations received by General Salan French and Colonial Decorations Legion d honneur Knight 5 April 1922 Officer 21 August 1940 Commander 10 February 1945 Grand Officer 27 October 1948 Grand Cross 28 August 1952 Medaille militaire 12 July 1958 Croix de guerre 1914 1918 1 citation Croix de guerre 1939 1945 8 citations Croix de guerre des Theatres d Operations Exterieures 7 citations Croix de la Valeur Militaire 1 citation Volunteer combatant s cross Combatant s Cross Colonial Medal Far East clasp Grand Cross of the Order of the Black Star with GC rosette Grand Cordon of the Order of the Dragon of Annam with Military and Civil title Officer and later Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia Grand Cross of the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol Grand Cross of the Tai Order of Civil Merit Sip Song Chau Tai Grand Cross of the Order of Glory Tunisia Grand Cordon of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Anjouan Grand Cross of the Etoile des Comores Royal Order of Monisaraphon Gallantry Cross South Vietnam with palm National Defense Medal Cambodia Syria Cilicia commemorative medal Order of Civil Merit of the Syrian Arab Republic Medaille Interalliee de la Victoire Medaille commemorative de la guerre 1914 1918 Medaille commemorative de la guerre 1939 1945 with clasps Africa Italy France Germany Medaille de l Aeronautique Medal for the War Wounded Annam Order of Military Merit Order of the Reign of King Savang Vatthana Medaille commemorative de la campagne d Italie 1943 1944 Medaille commemorative de la campagne d Indochine Medaille Commemorative des Operations de Securite et de Maintien de l Ordre en Afrique du Nord with Algeria claspForeign Decorations Distinguished Service Cross US Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBE UK Vietnam Campaign Medal Thailand Sena Jayaseddh Medal Cambodia Bibliography EditMemoires Fin d un empire 4 volumes Editions Presses de la Cite 1970 74 Le sens d un engagement 1970 Le Viet minh mon adversaire 1971 Algerie francaise 1972 L Algerie de Gaulle et moi 1974References Edit a b c d Krebs Albin July 4 1984 RAOUL SALAN DIES LED ALGERIA PLOT The New York Times Retrieved June 5 2016 Saint Cyr Promotion de Saint Odile et de La Fayette 1917 1918 Forum PAGES 14 18 forum pages14 18 com 8 December 2011 Retrieved 25 August 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Boy General de brigade 2s Jean 25 October 2010 Historique des 101e et 102e promotions 1917 18 promotions de Sainte Odile et de La Fayette PDF La Saint Cyrienne 11 via Saint Cyr org Raoul Salan Dies Led Algeria Plot Raoul Salan French general Britannica a b c d e f g h i j Gen Raoul Salan France s most decorated soldier dies Santa Cruz Sentinel Santa Cruz California July 4 1984 p 10 Retrieved June 5 2016 via Newspapers com Silence in the Dock TIME Magazine Friday 25 May 1962 To the guillotine TIME Magazine Friday 27 Apr 1962 Cros Philippe June 11 2014 Les fideles du chef de l OAS commemorent La Montagne Retrieved June 5 2016 Krebs Albin 1984 07 04 RAOUL SALAN DIES LED ALGERIA PLOT The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 02 01 Further reading EditAlexander Martin S and John FV Keiger eds France and the Algerian War 1954 1962 Strategy Operations and Diplomacy Routledge 2013 General Paul Aussaresses The Battle of the Casbah Terrorism and Counter Terrorism in Algeria 1955 1957 New York Enigma Books 2010 ISBN 978 1 929631 30 8 External links Edit in French Association of Friends of Raoul Salan in French Raoul Salan a colonial General by Madeleine Reberioux BBC article on Salan s 1962 sentencing Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raoul Salan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Raoul Salan amp oldid 1132042133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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