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Rainer Ernst

December 07, 2023

Rainer Ernst (born 31 December 1961) is a German former professional footballer who amassed 56 caps for the East Germany national team.[1] He was the last captain of East Germany before the political change.[2]

Rainer Ernst
Ernst in 1987
Personal information
Date of birth (1961-12-31) 31 December 1961 (age 61)
Place of birth Neustrelitz, East Germany
Height 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)
Position(s) Striker, midfielder
Youth career
1969–1973 BSG Empor Neustrelitz
1973–1975 SG Dynamo Neustrelitz
1975–1979 BFC Dynamo
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1979–1990 BFC Dynamo 216 (91)
1990–1991 1. FC Kaiserslautern 18 (2)
1991–1992 Bordeaux 27 (7)
1992–1993 Cannes 7 (0)
1993–1994 FC Zürich 17 (2)
1994–1997 FSV Salmrohr 52 (5)
International career
?–? East Germany Junior team 25 (10)
?–? East Germany Youth team 23 (10)
1981–1990 East Germany 56 (20)
Medal record
Representing  East Germany
BFC Dynamo
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1980
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1981
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1982
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1983
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1984
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1985
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1986
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1987
Winner DDR-Oberliga 1988
Runner-up FDGB-Pokal 1982
Runner-up FDGB-Pokal 1984
Runner-up FDGB-Pokal 1985
Winner FDGB-Pokal 1988
Winner FDGB-Pokal 1989
1. FC Kaiserslautern
Winner Bundesliga 1991
FC Girondins de Bordeaux
Winner Ligue 2 1992
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Club career edit

Youth career edit

Ernst was born in Neustrelitz. He began his football career when he was seven years old, at the youth side of BSG Empor Neustrelitz where his father Joachim "Jochen" Ernst became his first trainer. His Father Jochen stayed by his side at SG Dynamo Neustrelitz and in the training centre from 1973 to 1975.[3] He participated in the V.Kinder- und Jugendspartakiade 1975 Berlin, with the Neubrandenburg student district selection as the captain and his father as the trainer. On 27 July Neubrandenburg met Karl-Marx-Stadt at the final, lost 2–1 but it was a sensation, Ernst was selected as the centre midfield of Spartakiade-Eleven 1975.[4][5] Then he joined the youth academy of BFC Dynamo in 1975.[3] There he succeeded:[3] the runner-up of East Germany Student championship 1975–76 (he was absent from the final in the Sportforum Gräfenhainichen between FC Karl-Marx-Stadt and BFC Dynamo),[6] the winner of Junior championship 1977–78[7] and 1978–79 (decided on the penultimate match day),[8] the winner of Youth championship 1980–81 (16 matches, four goals) with Frank Rohde, Christian Backs et al.[9][10]

Clubs edit

BFC Dynamo edit

Ernst made his first appearance in the DDR-Oberliga on 6 June 1979, the 25th and penultimate match day of 1978–79 season, away game against BSG Chemie Böhlen which ended with a 10–3 victory.[3][11] Though being unlisted for that match, he was brought from the junior squad and played for 90 minutes as one of the starting lineup.[12] The next and last matchday, 9 June 1979, he played for 57 minutes of the match against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt as the substitute for number 10 Hartmut Pelka. FUWO rated him 5, same as Hans-Jürgen Riediger and Wolf-Rüdiger Netz. The title had been already decided on the 24th match day, 26 May 1979 as BFC Dynamo beat the competitor SG Dynamo Dresden.[13]

BFC Dynamo received the gold medal of Oberliga in Jahn-Sportpark Berlin, which was the first of ten consecutive gold medals; Ernst won the remaining nine.[14][15] He was promoted to the senior squad in the summer of 1979.[16]

His first goal for Oberliga was at the 19th match day of the season 1980–81, BFC Dynamo 5–1 Wismut Aue 28 March 1981, 4–0 goal (60 min.). It was his twelfth Oberliga match. Captain Frank Terletzki took the corner kick, Falko Götz did the flick-on then Ernst hit the ball over the line from two metres.[17][18]

Ernst became the top scorer of the Oberliga 1983–84 and 1984–85 twice in a row. 1983–84: 20 goals (two penalties) nine home 11 away 26 matches. 1984–85: 24 goals (eight penalties) 11 home 13 away, 25 matches.[19][20][21]

 
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0423-013, BFC Dynamo - HFC Chemie 1-2

He played 216 DDR-Oberliga matches for BFC Dynamo, scoring 91 goals, became DDR-Oberliga champion nine times, 1979 and eight in a row from 1981 to 1988, and won the FDGB-Pokal gold medal twice 1988 and 1989. He made 31 appearances for the European cup's scoring seven goals in total. [22][23]

1. FC Kaiserslautern edit

As the Berlin Wall opened, Ernst received contract offer from Borussia Dortmund but BFC did not let him go. In the summer of 1990, he signed the contract with 1. FC Kaiserslautern and stayed with the club for one season, playing 18 matches (of which 16 matches as part of the starting eleven) and scoring two goals. Ernst eventually became German champion with 1. FC Kaiserslautern at the end of the 1990-91 Bundesliga.

In France edit

Ernst moved to the French league with FC Girondins de Bordeaux for 1991–92. With Bordeaux he scored seven goals in 27 matches, six goals throughout the season, of which three penalties on the 33 matchdays of Division 2. That derby match against Saint-Seurin-sur-l'Isle ended with 3–0 and Bordeaux decided their return to Division 1.[24][25] Ernst did not return with the club, as in the summer of 1992 he moved to AS Cannes in Ligue 2. He played just seven games in Cannes and scored no goals.

In Switzerland edit

Ernst transferred to FC Zürich for the 1993–94 season.

FSV Salmrohr and retirement edit

Ernst returned to Germany in 1994 to spend two years in the regional league with FSV Salmrohr. He retired from professional football in 1996.

International career edit

 
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-W0503-028, Mannschaftsfoto der DDR-Fußball-Juniorenauswahl

Ernst participated in 1980 UEFA European Under-18 Championship which was held in East Germany as the captain of the East Germany Junior team.[26] 16 May Weissenfels East Germany 0-1 Bulgaria, 18 May Torgau East Germany 2–0 France, 20 May Magdeburg East Germany 0–0 Netherlands, East Germany resulted as the second of the group B, didn't proceed to the semifinals.

The same year he scored his first Oberliga goal, he celebrated his debut for the East Germany A-national team, which was the last qualifying match of the 1982 FIFA World Cup. At the match against Malta, Ernst-Abbe-Sportfeld in Jena 11 November 1981, he played from 79 minutes as the substitute for Wolfgang Steinbach and the match resulted 5–1 victory.[27] But that 11 minutes robbed him of his all Olympic hopes because of FIFA's decision that prevented the players who had played a World Cup match from participating in the Olympics.[3]

His first goal for East Germany was at their fifth qualifying match of the UEFA Euro 1984, against Switzerland at the Berlin Jahn-Sportpark. In the 73rd minute Ersnt received a pass from Joachim Streich and elegantly lobbed Swiss Goalkeeper Roger Berbig[28] from 22 meters. Joachim Streich added another goal at 94 minutes to make the game 3–0, their first win in five qualifying matches.[29][30] Ernst played as number 10 for their sixth qualifying match of the 1986 FIFA World Cup against France in a fully-filled Zentralstadion on 11 September 1985. He converted Andreas Thom's cross with a header at 53 minutes into the match, which brought the team a 1–0 lead. And he overtook four French players with his 40-meter-solo dribbling, whistles (at BFC Dynamo players) fell silent and he gained the whole stadium's sympathy. The match resulted 2–0 victory over the European champions.[31][32]

Ernst was the team captain for his last appearances for East Germany. He was called up by the trainer Ede Geyer for the friendly match with Belgium on 12 September 1990, but he announced his withdrawal from the national team, saying he lost motivation.[33]

He made 56 appearances during 1981–1990, making him 16th most-capped East German player. He scored 20 goals, making him the 4th top scorer.[1]

After ending his playing career, Ernst started a sport shop and studio in his hometown Neustrelitz.[34]

He occasionally plays for the DDR tradition's team.[35][36]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "FUWO EXTRA Das war Unser Fußball im Osten Erinnerungen an 42 Jahre DDR-Fußball pp. 18, 19". FUWO. Berlin: Sportverlag GmbH. 1991.
  2. ^ Brasilien - DDR 13.05.1990 (Video recording). Screensport. 13 May 1990.
  3. ^ a b c d e "FUWO 2/84". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 10 January 1984.
  4. ^ "FUWO 29/75". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 22 July 1975.
  5. ^ "FUWO 30/75". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 29 July 1975.
  6. ^ "FUWO 26/76". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 22 June 1976.
  7. ^ "FUWO 23/78". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 6 June 1978.
  8. ^ "FUWO 21/79". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 22 May 1979.
  9. ^ "FUWO21/81". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 26 May 1981.
  10. ^ "FUWO22/81". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 20 June 1981.
  11. ^ "FUWO 24/79". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 12 June 1979.
  12. ^ "Berliner Fußballclub Dynamo / BSG Chemie Böhlen 6. Juni 1979". match programme. Böhlen: BSG Chemie Böhlen. 1979.
  13. ^ "FUWO22/79". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 29 May 1979.
  14. ^ "FUWO24/79". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 12 June 1979.
  15. ^ Fussball Panorama (Video recording). DFF. 10 June 1979.
  16. ^ "Sonderausgabe Fussball-Saison 1979/80". Sonderausgabe. Berlin: Deutsches Sportecho/Die Neue Fußballwoche. August 1979.
  17. ^ "FUWO13/81". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 31 March 1981.
  18. ^ Fussball Panorama (Video recording). DFF. 29 March 1981.
  19. ^ "FUWO21/84". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 22 May 1984.
  20. ^ Fussball Panorama (Video recording). DFF. 20 May 1984.
  21. ^ "FUWO23/85". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 4 June 1985.
  22. ^ . triosfussballseite.de. 22 March 2009. Archived from the original on 29 March 2009.
  23. ^ Fussball Panorama (Video recording). DFF. 11 May 1980.
  24. ^ "ERNST Rainer". girondinsretro.fr.
  25. ^ "Football : les grands triplés de l'histoire des Girondins de Bordeaux". Sud Ouest. 21 April 2014.
  26. ^ Fussball Panorama (Video recording). DFF. 11 May 1980.
  27. ^ "FUWO46/81". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 17 November 1981.
  28. ^ "East Germany vs Switzerland, 12 October 1983, Euro 1984 Qualifying". eu-football.info. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  29. ^ "FUWO42/83". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 18 October 1983.
  30. ^ DDR - Schweiz 12.10.1983 (Video recording). DFF. 12 October 1983.
  31. ^ "FUWO38/85". FUWO. Berlin: Die Neue Fußballwoche. 17 September 1985.
  32. ^ Fussball Oldies DDR - Frankreich 11.09.1985 (Video recording). MDR.
  33. ^ Geyer, Eduard (2 October 2015). "„Das letzte Länderspiel war wie ein Sklavenmarkt"" (Interview). Interviewed by Gunnar Meinhardt Die Welt.
  34. ^ "Rainer Ernst aus Königsbrunn - Manager-Profile". companyhouse.de.
  35. ^ "DDR Rainer Ernst at imago-images.de". imago-images.de.
  36. ^ "Spiel der Legenden DDR Traditions-Nationalmannschaft gegen Warnemünder All-Stars" (PDF). Der Warnemünder.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rainer Ernst.
  • Rainer Ernst at UEFA 
  • Rainer Ernst at Fussballdaten.de (in German) 
  • Rainer Ernst at National-Football-Teams.com 
  • Rainer Ernst at WorldFootball.net 
  • at the Wayback Machine (archived 29 March 2009)

December 07, 2023
rainer, ernst, born, december, 1961, german, former, professional, footballer, amassed, caps, east, germany, national, team, last, captain, east, germany, before, political, change, ernst, 1987personal, informationdate, birth, 1961, december, 1961, place, birt. Rainer Ernst born 31 December 1961 is a German former professional footballer who amassed 56 caps for the East Germany national team 1 He was the last captain of East Germany before the political change 2 Rainer ErnstErnst in 1987Personal informationDate of birth 1961 12 31 31 December 1961 age 61 Place of birthNeustrelitz East GermanyHeight1 86 m 6 ft 1 in Position s Striker midfielderYouth career1969 1973BSG Empor Neustrelitz1973 1975SG Dynamo Neustrelitz1975 1979BFC DynamoSenior career YearsTeamApps Gls 1979 1990BFC Dynamo216 91 1990 19911 FC Kaiserslautern18 2 1991 1992Bordeaux27 7 1992 1993Cannes7 0 1993 1994FC Zurich17 2 1994 1997FSV Salmrohr52 5 International career East Germany Junior team25 10 East Germany Youth team23 10 1981 1990East Germany56 20 Medal record Representing East GermanyBFC DynamoWinner DDR Oberliga 1980Winner DDR Oberliga 1981Winner DDR Oberliga 1982Winner DDR Oberliga 1983Winner DDR Oberliga 1984Winner DDR Oberliga 1985Winner DDR Oberliga 1986Winner DDR Oberliga 1987Winner DDR Oberliga 1988Runner up FDGB Pokal 1982Runner up FDGB Pokal 1984Runner up FDGB Pokal 1985Winner FDGB Pokal 1988Winner FDGB Pokal 19891 FC KaiserslauternWinner Bundesliga 1991FC Girondins de BordeauxWinner Ligue 2 1992 Club domestic league appearances and goals Contents 1 Club career 1 1 Youth career 1 2 Clubs 1 3 BFC Dynamo 1 4 1 FC Kaiserslautern 1 5 In France 1 6 In Switzerland 1 7 FSV Salmrohr and retirement 2 International career 3 References 4 External linksClub career editYouth career edit Ernst was born in Neustrelitz He began his football career when he was seven years old at the youth side of BSG Empor Neustrelitz where his father Joachim Jochen Ernst became his first trainer His Father Jochen stayed by his side at SG Dynamo Neustrelitz and in the training centre from 1973 to 1975 3 He participated in the V Kinder und Jugendspartakiade 1975 Berlin with the Neubrandenburg student district selection as the captain and his father as the trainer On 27 July Neubrandenburg met Karl Marx Stadt at the final lost 2 1 but it was a sensation Ernst was selected as the centre midfield of Spartakiade Eleven 1975 4 5 Then he joined the youth academy of BFC Dynamo in 1975 3 There he succeeded 3 the runner up of East Germany Student championship 1975 76 he was absent from the final in the Sportforum Grafenhainichen between FC Karl Marx Stadt and BFC Dynamo 6 the winner of Junior championship 1977 78 7 and 1978 79 decided on the penultimate match day 8 the winner of Youth championship 1980 81 16 matches four goals with Frank Rohde Christian Backs et al 9 10 Clubs edit BFC Dynamo edit Ernst made his first appearance in the DDR Oberliga on 6 June 1979 the 25th and penultimate match day of 1978 79 season away game against BSG Chemie Bohlen which ended with a 10 3 victory 3 11 Though being unlisted for that match he was brought from the junior squad and played for 90 minutes as one of the starting lineup 12 The next and last matchday 9 June 1979 he played for 57 minutes of the match against FC Karl Marx Stadt as the substitute for number 10 Hartmut Pelka FUWO rated him 5 same as Hans Jurgen Riediger and Wolf Rudiger Netz The title had been already decided on the 24th match day 26 May 1979 as BFC Dynamo beat the competitor SG Dynamo Dresden 13 BFC Dynamo received the gold medal of Oberliga in Jahn Sportpark Berlin which was the first of ten consecutive gold medals Ernst won the remaining nine 14 15 He was promoted to the senior squad in the summer of 1979 16 His first goal for Oberliga was at the 19th match day of the season 1980 81 BFC Dynamo 5 1 Wismut Aue 28 March 1981 4 0 goal 60 min It was his twelfth Oberliga match Captain Frank Terletzki took the corner kick Falko Gotz did the flick on then Ernst hit the ball over the line from two metres 17 18 Ernst became the top scorer of the Oberliga 1983 84 and 1984 85 twice in a row 1983 84 20 goals two penalties nine home 11 away 26 matches 1984 85 24 goals eight penalties 11 home 13 away 25 matches 19 20 21 nbsp Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1988 0423 013 BFC Dynamo HFC Chemie 1 2He played 216 DDR Oberliga matches for BFC Dynamo scoring 91 goals became DDR Oberliga champion nine times 1979 and eight in a row from 1981 to 1988 and won the FDGB Pokal gold medal twice 1988 and 1989 He made 31 appearances for the European cup s scoring seven goals in total 22 23 1 FC Kaiserslautern edit As the Berlin Wall opened Ernst received contract offer from Borussia Dortmund but BFC did not let him go In the summer of 1990 he signed the contract with 1 FC Kaiserslautern and stayed with the club for one season playing 18 matches of which 16 matches as part of the starting eleven and scoring two goals Ernst eventually became German champion with 1 FC Kaiserslautern at the end of the 1990 91 Bundesliga In France edit Ernst moved to the French league with FC Girondins de Bordeaux for 1991 92 With Bordeaux he scored seven goals in 27 matches six goals throughout the season of which three penalties on the 33 matchdays of Division 2 That derby match against Saint Seurin sur l Isle ended with 3 0 and Bordeaux decided their return to Division 1 24 25 Ernst did not return with the club as in the summer of 1992 he moved to AS Cannes in Ligue 2 He played just seven games in Cannes and scored no goals In Switzerland edit Ernst transferred to FC Zurich for the 1993 94 season FSV Salmrohr and retirement edit Ernst returned to Germany in 1994 to spend two years in the regional league with FSV Salmrohr He retired from professional football in 1996 International career edit nbsp Bundesarchiv Bild 183 W0503 028 Mannschaftsfoto der DDR Fussball JuniorenauswahlErnst participated in 1980 UEFA European Under 18 Championship which was held in East Germany as the captain of the East Germany Junior team 26 16 May Weissenfels East Germany 0 1 Bulgaria 18 May Torgau East Germany 2 0 France 20 May Magdeburg East Germany 0 0 Netherlands East Germany resulted as the second of the group B didn t proceed to the semifinals The same year he scored his first Oberliga goal he celebrated his debut for the East Germany A national team which was the last qualifying match of the 1982 FIFA World Cup At the match against Malta Ernst Abbe Sportfeld in Jena 11 November 1981 he played from 79 minutes as the substitute for Wolfgang Steinbach and the match resulted 5 1 victory 27 But that 11 minutes robbed him of his all Olympic hopes because of FIFA s decision that prevented the players who had played a World Cup match from participating in the Olympics 3 His first goal for East Germany was at their fifth qualifying match of the UEFA Euro 1984 against Switzerland at the Berlin Jahn Sportpark In the 73rd minute Ersnt received a pass from Joachim Streich and elegantly lobbed Swiss Goalkeeper Roger Berbig 28 from 22 meters Joachim Streich added another goal at 94 minutes to make the game 3 0 their first win in five qualifying matches 29 30 Ernst played as number 10 for their sixth qualifying match of the 1986 FIFA World Cup against France in a fully filled Zentralstadion on 11 September 1985 He converted Andreas Thom s cross with a header at 53 minutes into the match which brought the team a 1 0 lead And he overtook four French players with his 40 meter solo dribbling whistles at BFC Dynamo players fell silent and he gained the whole stadium s sympathy The match resulted 2 0 victory over the European champions 31 32 Ernst was the team captain for his last appearances for East Germany He was called up by the trainer Ede Geyer for the friendly match with Belgium on 12 September 1990 but he announced his withdrawal from the national team saying he lost motivation 33 He made 56 appearances during 1981 1990 making him 16th most capped East German player He scored 20 goals making him the 4th top scorer 1 After ending his playing career Ernst started a sport shop and studio in his hometown Neustrelitz 34 He occasionally plays for the DDR tradition s team 35 36 References edit a b FUWO EXTRA Das war Unser Fussball im Osten Erinnerungen an 42 Jahre DDR Fussball pp 18 19 FUWO Berlin Sportverlag GmbH 1991 Brasilien DDR 13 05 1990 Video recording Screensport 13 May 1990 a b c d e FUWO 2 84 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 10 January 1984 FUWO 29 75 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 22 July 1975 FUWO 30 75 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 29 July 1975 FUWO 26 76 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 22 June 1976 FUWO 23 78 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 6 June 1978 FUWO 21 79 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 22 May 1979 FUWO21 81 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 26 May 1981 FUWO22 81 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 20 June 1981 FUWO 24 79 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 12 June 1979 Berliner Fussballclub Dynamo BSG Chemie Bohlen 6 Juni 1979 match programme Bohlen BSG Chemie Bohlen 1979 FUWO22 79 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 29 May 1979 FUWO24 79 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 12 June 1979 Fussball Panorama Video recording DFF 10 June 1979 Sonderausgabe Fussball Saison 1979 80 Sonderausgabe Berlin Deutsches Sportecho Die Neue Fussballwoche August 1979 FUWO13 81 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 31 March 1981 Fussball Panorama Video recording DFF 29 March 1981 FUWO21 84 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 22 May 1984 Fussball Panorama Video recording DFF 20 May 1984 FUWO23 85 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 4 June 1985 Alle Spieler auf einen Blick triosfussballseite de 22 March 2009 Archived from the original on 29 March 2009 Fussball Panorama Video recording DFF 11 May 1980 ERNST Rainer girondinsretro fr Football les grands triples de l histoire des Girondins de Bordeaux Sud Ouest 21 April 2014 Fussball Panorama Video recording DFF 11 May 1980 FUWO46 81 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 17 November 1981 East Germany vs Switzerland 12 October 1983 Euro 1984 Qualifying eu football info Retrieved 31 August 2021 FUWO42 83 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 18 October 1983 DDR Schweiz 12 10 1983 Video recording DFF 12 October 1983 FUWO38 85 FUWO Berlin Die Neue Fussballwoche 17 September 1985 Fussball Oldies DDR Frankreich 11 09 1985 Video recording MDR Geyer Eduard 2 October 2015 Das letzte Landerspiel war wie ein Sklavenmarkt Interview Interviewed by Gunnar Meinhardt Die Welt Rainer Ernst aus Konigsbrunn Manager Profile companyhouse de DDR Rainer Ernst at imago images de imago images de Spiel der Legenden DDR Traditions Nationalmannschaft gegen Warnemunder All Stars PDF Der Warnemunder External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rainer Ernst Rainer Ernst at UEFA nbsp Rainer Ernst at Fussballdaten de in German nbsp Rainer Ernst at National Football Teams com nbsp Rainer Ernst at WorldFootball net nbsp Rainer Ernst at Alle BFC Spieler auf einen Blick triosfussballseite de at the Wayback Machine archived 29 March 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rainer Ernst amp oldid 1165711603, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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