fbpx
Wikipedia

Rainbow-bearded thornbill

January 01, 1970

The rainbow-bearded thornbill (Chalcostigma herrani) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.[3][4]

Rainbow-bearded thornbill
Male in Yanacocha Reserve, Ecuador
Female in northwest Ecuador
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Chalcostigma
Species:
C. herrani
Binomial name
Chalcostigma herrani
(Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)

Taxonomy and systematics edit

The rainbow-bearded thornbill was formally described in 1846 by the French ornithologists Adolphe Delattre and Jules Bourcier from specimens collected near the town of Pasto in southwest Colombia. They coined the binomial name Trochilus herrani.[5] This bird is now one of five species placed in the genus Chalcostigma that was introduced in 1854 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach.[6][3] (The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society is considering a proposal to merge the genus into Oxypogon).[7]

The genus name derives from the Greek khalkos ″bronze″ and stigma ″mark″. The specific epithet herrani was chosen to honor the Colombian general and statesman Pedro Alcántara Herrán.[8]

Two subspecies are recognised:[3]

 
Rainbow-bearded thornbill

Description edit

The rainbow-bearded thornbill is 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) long. Males weigh about 6.2 g (0.22 oz) and females 5.6 g (0.20 oz). Both sexes have a short, needle-like bill. Adult males of the nominate subspecies are mostly bottle green with a white dot behind the eye and rufous forecrown and crown. It has black primaries, a coppery rump, and white undertail coverts. The forked tail is blue-black with prominent white tips at the corners that are most easily seen from below. Its gorget ("beard") is a rainbow of colors from celadon-green through turquoise to yellow and red at the lower end. The feet are black. Adult females are generally similar to males, but with pale yellowish-ochre from lower the belly to the undertail coverts and a much reduced gorget. Juvenile birds are similar to the adult female, but the male has an entirely dark throat. Subspecies C. h. tolimae is very similar to the nominate but is darker overall and its gorget is longer.[9][10][11]

Distribution and habitat edit

The nominate subspecies of rainbow-bearded thornbill is found from the Western Andes of Colombia in Cauca Department through Ecuador on both slopes of the Andes into northern Peru's departments of Piura and Cajamarca. C. h. tolimae is restricted to Nevado del Tolima in Colombia's Central Andes. A bird of high elevations, it is typically found between 2,700 and 4,100 m (8,900 and 13,500 ft) in Colombia and 2,800 and 3,700 m (9,200 and 12,100 ft) in Ecuador. Its primary habitat is paramo, open country with bushy patches and small woodlands, and gulleys with thickets of ferns and bromeliads.[9][12][11][10]

Behavior edit

Movement edit

The rainbow-bearded thornbill is resident throughout its range.[9]

Feeding edit

The rainbow-bearded thornbill mostly feeds on the nectar of small flowers on low bushes and shrubs. It often clings to these flowers while feeding. It will take insect prey when available. The species typically forages alone and is very territorial. It will chase off competitors for food sources, even if they are considerably larger (e.g. flowerpiercers) and will not tolerate other hummingbirds even on large fruiting trees.[9][10][11][13]

Breeding edit

The rainbow-bearded thornbill's breeding phenology is not well documented. Its breeding season appears to include at least July to September. The nest has not been described. One nest with three eggs has been reported, departing from the almost invariable two-egg clutch of hummingbirds.[9]

 

Songs and calls
Listen to rainbow-bearded thornbill on xeno-canto

Vocalization edit

There are few recordings of the rainbow-bearded thornbill's vocalizations. What might be a song is a "repeated low-pitched cheet-dee-dee-cheet".[9]

Status edit

The IUCN has assessed the rainbow-bearded thornbill as being of Least Concern. It has a large range but its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. No specific threats have been identified.[1] It is usually described as rare to locally common.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22688036A93181325. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688036A93181325.en. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  4. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
  5. ^ Delattre, Adolphe; Bourcier, Jules (1846). "Description de quinze espèces nouvelles de Trochilidées, faisant partie des collections rapportées par M. Ad. De Lattre, dont les précédentes excursions ont déjà enrichi plusieurs branches de l'histoire naturelle, et provenant de l'intérieur du Pérou , des républiques de l'Équateur, de la Nouvelle-Grenade et l'isthme de Panama". Revue Zoologique (in French). 9: 305–312 [309].
  6. ^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1854). "Aufzählung der Colibris Oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik". Journal für Ornithologie (Supplement) (in German). 1: 1–24 [12].
  7. ^ Stiles, Gary; Remsen, J.V. Jr. (November 2021). "Revise generic limits in the Lesbiini: A. Expand Oxypogon to include Oreonympha and Chalcostigma, and B. Modify linear sequence". South American Classification Committee of AOS. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  8. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 98, 190. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Schulenberg, T. S. and C. W. Sedgwick (2020). Rainbow-bearded Thornbill (Chalcostigma herrani), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rabtho1.01 retrieved February 25, 2022
  10. ^ a b c Restall, Robin; Rodner, Clemencia; Lentino, Miguel (2006). Birds of Northern South America: an Identification Guide. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. Vol 1 pp270-271. ISBN 978-0-300-10862-0.
  11. ^ a b c Freile, Juan F.; Restall, Robin (2018). Birds of Ecuador. London: Helm. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-4081-0533-7.
  12. ^ Ayerbe Quiñones, Fernando (2018). Guía ilustrada de la Avifauna colombiana. Bogotá: Punto aparte. pp. Pl 29. ISBN 978-958-5461-03-1.
  13. ^ McMullan, Miles (2018). Field guide to the birds of Colombia. [Bogotá, Colombia]: Rey Naranjo Editores. p. 57. ISBN 978-958-8969-77-0.

January 01, 1970
rainbow, bearded, thornbill, rainbow, bearded, thornbill, chalcostigma, herrani, species, hummingbird, coquettes, tribe, lesbiini, subfamily, lesbiinae, found, colombia, ecuador, peru, male, yanacocha, reserve, ecuador, female, northwest, ecuador, conservation. The rainbow bearded thornbill Chalcostigma herrani is a species of hummingbird in the coquettes tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae It is found in Colombia Ecuador and Peru 3 4 Rainbow bearded thornbill Male in Yanacocha Reserve Ecuador Female in northwest Ecuador Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Clade Strisores Order Apodiformes Family Trochilidae Genus Chalcostigma Species C herrani Binomial name Chalcostigma herrani Delattre amp Bourcier 1846 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 ReferencesTaxonomy and systematics editThe rainbow bearded thornbill was formally described in 1846 by the French ornithologists Adolphe Delattre and Jules Bourcier from specimens collected near the town of Pasto in southwest Colombia They coined the binomial name Trochilus herrani 5 This bird is now one of five species placed in the genus Chalcostigma that was introduced in 1854 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach 6 3 The South American Classification Committee SACC of the American Ornithological Society is considering a proposal to merge the genus into Oxypogon 7 The genus name derives from the Greek khalkos bronze and stigma mark The specific epithet herrani was chosen to honor the Colombian general and statesman Pedro Alcantara Herran 8 Two subspecies are recognised 3 C h tolimae Kleinschmidt O 1927 C h herrani Delattre amp Bourcier 1846 nbsp Rainbow bearded thornbillDescription editThe rainbow bearded thornbill is 10 to 12 cm 3 9 to 4 7 in long Males weigh about 6 2 g 0 22 oz and females 5 6 g 0 20 oz Both sexes have a short needle like bill Adult males of the nominate subspecies are mostly bottle green with a white dot behind the eye and rufous forecrown and crown It has black primaries a coppery rump and white undertail coverts The forked tail is blue black with prominent white tips at the corners that are most easily seen from below Its gorget beard is a rainbow of colors from celadon green through turquoise to yellow and red at the lower end The feet are black Adult females are generally similar to males but with pale yellowish ochre from lower the belly to the undertail coverts and a much reduced gorget Juvenile birds are similar to the adult female but the male has an entirely dark throat Subspecies C h tolimae is very similar to the nominate but is darker overall and its gorget is longer 9 10 11 Distribution and habitat editThe nominate subspecies of rainbow bearded thornbill is found from the Western Andes of Colombia in Cauca Department through Ecuador on both slopes of the Andes into northern Peru s departments of Piura and Cajamarca C h tolimae is restricted to Nevado del Tolima in Colombia s Central Andes A bird of high elevations it is typically found between 2 700 and 4 100 m 8 900 and 13 500 ft in Colombia and 2 800 and 3 700 m 9 200 and 12 100 ft in Ecuador Its primary habitat is paramo open country with bushy patches and small woodlands and gulleys with thickets of ferns and bromeliads 9 12 11 10 Behavior editMovement edit The rainbow bearded thornbill is resident throughout its range 9 Feeding edit The rainbow bearded thornbill mostly feeds on the nectar of small flowers on low bushes and shrubs It often clings to these flowers while feeding It will take insect prey when available The species typically forages alone and is very territorial It will chase off competitors for food sources even if they are considerably larger e g flowerpiercers and will not tolerate other hummingbirds even on large fruiting trees 9 10 11 13 Breeding edit The rainbow bearded thornbill s breeding phenology is not well documented Its breeding season appears to include at least July to September The nest has not been described One nest with three eggs has been reported departing from the almost invariable two egg clutch of hummingbirds 9 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to rainbow bearded thornbill on xeno canto Vocalization edit There are few recordings of the rainbow bearded thornbill s vocalizations What might be a song is a repeated low pitched cheet dee dee cheet 9 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the rainbow bearded thornbill as being of Least Concern It has a large range but its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing No specific threats have been identified 1 It is usually described as rare to locally common 9 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Rainbow bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22688036A93181325 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22688036A93181325 en Retrieved 25 February 2022 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b c Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds January 2022 Hummingbirds IOC World Bird List v 12 1 Retrieved January 15 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2020 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v5 Dec20 zip xls zipped 1 MB retrieved 27 May 2021 Delattre Adolphe Bourcier Jules 1846 Description de quinze especes nouvelles de Trochilidees faisant partie des collections rapportees par M Ad De Lattre dont les precedentes excursions ont deja enrichi plusieurs branches de l histoire naturelle et provenant de l interieur du Perou des republiques de l Equateur de la Nouvelle Grenade et l isthme de Panama Revue Zoologique in French 9 305 312 309 Reichenbach Ludwig 1854 Aufzahlung der Colibris Oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren naturlichen Verwandtschaft nebst Schlussel ihrer Synonymik Journal fur Ornithologie Supplement in German 1 1 24 12 Stiles Gary Remsen J V Jr November 2021 Revise generic limits in the Lesbiini A Expand Oxypogon to include Oreonympha and Chalcostigma and B Modify linear sequence South American Classification Committee of AOS Retrieved February 23 2022 Jobling James A 2010 Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 98 190 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 a b c d e f g Schulenberg T S and C W Sedgwick 2020 Rainbow bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow rabtho1 01 retrieved February 25 2022 a b c Restall Robin Rodner Clemencia Lentino Miguel 2006 Birds of Northern South America an Identification Guide New Haven Yale University Press pp Vol 1 pp270 271 ISBN 978 0 300 10862 0 a b c Freile Juan F Restall Robin 2018 Birds of Ecuador London Helm p 244 ISBN 978 1 4081 0533 7 Ayerbe Quinones Fernando 2018 Guia ilustrada de la Avifauna colombiana Bogota Punto aparte pp Pl 29 ISBN 978 958 5461 03 1 McMullan Miles 2018 Field guide to the birds of Colombia Bogota Colombia Rey Naranjo Editores p 57 ISBN 978 958 8969 77 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rainbow bearded thornbill amp oldid 1119773573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.