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Ethnic stereotype

January 01, 1970

An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their status, societal and cultural norms. A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality. The stereotyping may be used for humor in jokes, and/or may be associated with racism.

A 19th-century British children's book informs its readers that the Dutch are a "very industrious race", and that Chinese children are "very obedient to their parents".

National stereotypes may relate either to one's own ethnicity/nationality or to a foreign/differing one. Stereotypes about one's own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic, referred to as national character.[1]

Examples edit

See also: Category:Ethnic and racial stereotypes

According to an article by The Guardian titled "European Stereotypes: What Do We Think of Each Other and Are We Right?", the Europe stereotype towards Britain is as "drunken, semi-clad hooligans or else snobbish, stiff free marketers", their view towards France is "cowardly, arrogant, chauvinistic, erotomaniacs", and they see Germany as "uber-efficient, diligent [and] disciplined". To Europe, Italy is "tax-dodging, Berlusconi-style Latin lovers and mama's boys, incapable of bravery", Poland is "heavy-drinking ultracatholics with a whiff of antisemitism", and Spain is "macho men and fiery women prone to regular siestas and fiestas". While some countries such as Germany proudly own their stereotype, others like Spain argue that theirs is a warped view based on experiences while on holiday instead of having actually lived there.[2]

A Pew Global survey of the European countries United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Greece, Poland, and Czechia found that European stereotypes found Germany to be both the most hardworking and least corrupt, Greece to be the least hardworking, and Italy to be the most corrupt. Five out of the eight countries thought their own country was the most corrupt.[3]

Yanko Tsvetkov has designed many maps which serve as pictorial representations of such stereotypes, giving an impression of how certain regions of the world may view others.[4][5][6] They have named such as "The Arab Winter" and "Crystal Ball View Of Europe In 2022".[7]

According to Dana E. Maestro, media images and depictions play a vital role in our ability to perceive different ethnicities and construct various racial and ethnic stereotypes. Most of these portrayals are seen through media platforms such as televisions, social media and commercials create a convenient sketch of how they want a certain group of people to be represented. For example, White Americans are always overly presented in positions of prestige and power in comparison to their counterparts such as Latinos or African Americans that are usually represented around themes of criminality and subservience.[8] On a whole, Media can never be assumed to an insignificant oulet of information but are culturally effective conduits that can drive our personal narrative on specific ethnic stereotyping. Since minorities are not adequately represented in the media it can lead to a negative misinterpretation and limited media diversity.[9]

According the J. Stanley Lemons, a stereotype for African-American men in the United States, specifically during the 1940s, was popularized through the use of comics and minstrel shows. African-American men were portrayed as having more animalistic features that alluded to the believe of their lack of knowledge and being considered second-class citizens during this time period. These features include oversized ear and mouths to indicate a monkey-like appearance. Portraying African-Americans as monkeys alludes to them being perceived as having limited intelligence.[10] To convey that idea further, African-Americans were made not able to speak proper English. The white impersonators often used Black English Vernacular (BEV). The impersonators over exaggerated and misused BEV so that the speech barely made sense, which furthered the notion of African Americans being unintelligent.[11]

Validity edit

See also: Ethnic joke

It is sometimes held that such stereotypes often contain a "grain of truth".[12][13] However, an extensive study by the personality psychologist Robert R. McCrae of the National Institute on Aging and colleagues found that they are generally untrustworthy.[14][13]

Various anti-national phobias and prejudices operate with ethnic stereotypes.

Ethnic stereotypes are commonly portrayed in ethnic jokes, some of which some consider to be offensive to varying degrees. Richard M. Steers and Luciara Nardon, in their book about the global economy, use a variant of the "You have two cows" joke to illustrate the concept of cultural differences:

They write that such jokes are considered funny because they are realistic caricatures of various cultures,[15][page needed] and the pervasiveness of such jokes stems from the significant cultural differences. Steers and Nardon also state that others believe that cultural stereotypes in jokes of that kind must be viewed with caution.[15]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Terracciano A, Abdel-Khalek AM, Adám N, et al. (October 2005). "National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures". Science. 310 (5745): 96–100. Bibcode:2005Sci...310...96T. doi:10.1126/science.1117199. PMC 2775052. PMID 16210536.
  2. ^ "European stereotypes: what do we think of each other and are we right? – interactive". theguardian.com. January 26, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  3. ^ Graphic detail Charts, maps and infographics (May 30, 2012). "Greeks say they are the hardest-working European nation: Stereotypes of Europe". The Economist. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  4. ^ "MAPS: A Complete Guide To National Stereotypes All Around The World | Business Insider Australia". Businessinsider.com.au. September 3, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  5. ^ "Yanko Tsvetkov's stereotype maps – in pictures | Art and design". The Guardian. February 17, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  6. ^ "Mapping Stereotypes". Alphadesigner. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  7. ^ Tim Dowling. "Stereotype maps: Is that what they think of us? | Art and design". The Guardian. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  8. ^ Maestro, Dana E (2009). Racial/Ethnic Stereotyping and The Media. Media Effects, Routledge. pp. 341–357. ISBN 9780203877111.
  9. ^ Harnois, Catherine (October 12, 2015). "Race and the lifecourse: readings from the intersection of race, ethnicity, and age". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 39 (8): 1513–1514. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1095344. ISSN 0141-9870.
  10. ^ Lemons, J. Stanley (1977). "Black Stereotypes as Reflected in Popular Culture, 1880-1920". American Quarterly. 29 (1): 102–116. doi:10.2307/2712263. ISSN 0003-0678.
  11. ^ Mahar, William J. (1985). "Black English in Early Blackface Minstrelsy: A New Interpretation of the Sources of Minstrel Show Dialect". American Quarterly. 37 (2): 260–285. doi:10.2307/2712901. ISSN 0003-0678.
  12. ^ "Why do people find racist jokes funny?". BBC News. May 7, 2002. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
  13. ^ a b McCrae, Robert R.; et al. (2013). "The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes". Journal of Research in Personality. 47 (6): 831–842. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.006. PMC 3811946. PMID 24187394.
  14. ^ "Science gets the last laugh on ethnic jokes". MSNBC. October 6, 2005. (2005)
  15. ^ a b Steers, Richard M.; Nardon, Luciara (2005). Managing In The Global Economy. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-1551-7.

Further reading edit

  • Alí, Maurizio. (2010). Medios de comunicación, asuntos étnicos e intercultura en Colombia. En Revista Razón y Palabra, 74 (nov.2010/ene.2011). México DF: ITESM Campus Estado de México. ISSN 1605-4806.
  • Macrae CN, Stangor C, Hewstone M.(eds.) "Stereotypes and stereotyping." Guilford Press, 1996.
  • Pawel Milicki, Naomi Ellemers, Being different or being better?, European Journal on Social Psychology, vol. 26, 1996, pp.97–114
  • National Stereotypes and Product Evaluations in a Socialist Country (journal article)
  • (journal article)
  • National Stereotypes: Correct Images and Distorted Images, ed. Blanca Valota, 2007, ISBN 8876949534
  • National Stereotypes: an Educational Challenge (book)
  • Haiti and the United States: National Stereotypes and the Literary Imagination (book)

External links edit

  •   Media related to Ethnic and racial stereotypes at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
ethnic, stereotype, ethnic, stereotype, racial, stereotype, involves, part, system, beliefs, about, typical, characteristics, members, given, ethnic, group, their, status, societal, cultural, norms, national, stereotype, does, same, given, nationality, stereot. An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group their status societal and cultural norms A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality The stereotyping may be used for humor in jokes and or may be associated with racism A 19th century British children s book informs its readers that the Dutch are a very industrious race and that Chinese children are very obedient to their parents National stereotypes may relate either to one s own ethnicity nationality or to a foreign differing one Stereotypes about one s own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic referred to as national character 1 Contents 1 Examples 2 Validity 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksExamples editSee also Category Ethnic and racial stereotypes According to an article by The Guardian titled European Stereotypes What Do We Think of Each Other and Are We Right the Europe stereotype towards Britain is as drunken semi clad hooligans or else snobbish stiff free marketers their view towards France is cowardly arrogant chauvinistic erotomaniacs and they see Germany as uber efficient diligent and disciplined To Europe Italy is tax dodging Berlusconi style Latin lovers and mama s boys incapable of bravery Poland is heavy drinking ultracatholics with a whiff of antisemitism and Spain is macho men and fiery women prone to regular siestas and fiestas While some countries such as Germany proudly own their stereotype others like Spain argue that theirs is a warped view based on experiences while on holiday instead of having actually lived there 2 A Pew Global survey of the European countries United Kingdom France Germany Spain Italy Greece Poland and Czechia found that European stereotypes found Germany to be both the most hardworking and least corrupt Greece to be the least hardworking and Italy to be the most corrupt Five out of the eight countries thought their own country was the most corrupt 3 Yanko Tsvetkov has designed many maps which serve as pictorial representations of such stereotypes giving an impression of how certain regions of the world may view others 4 5 6 They have named such as The Arab Winter and Crystal Ball View Of Europe In 2022 7 According to Dana E Maestro media images and depictions play a vital role in our ability to perceive different ethnicities and construct various racial and ethnic stereotypes Most of these portrayals are seen through media platforms such as televisions social media and commercials create a convenient sketch of how they want a certain group of people to be represented For example White Americans are always overly presented in positions of prestige and power in comparison to their counterparts such as Latinos or African Americans that are usually represented around themes of criminality and subservience 8 On a whole Media can never be assumed to an insignificant oulet of information but are culturally effective conduits that can drive our personal narrative on specific ethnic stereotyping Since minorities are not adequately represented in the media it can lead to a negative misinterpretation and limited media diversity 9 According the J Stanley Lemons a stereotype for African American men in the United States specifically during the 1940s was popularized through the use of comics and minstrel shows African American men were portrayed as having more animalistic features that alluded to the believe of their lack of knowledge and being considered second class citizens during this time period These features include oversized ear and mouths to indicate a monkey like appearance Portraying African Americans as monkeys alludes to them being perceived as having limited intelligence 10 To convey that idea further African Americans were made not able to speak proper English The white impersonators often used Black English Vernacular BEV The impersonators over exaggerated and misused BEV so that the speech barely made sense which furthered the notion of African Americans being unintelligent 11 Validity editSee also Ethnic joke It is sometimes held that such stereotypes often contain a grain of truth 12 13 However an extensive study by the personality psychologist Robert R McCrae of the National Institute on Aging and colleagues found that they are generally untrustworthy 14 13 Various anti national phobias and prejudices operate with ethnic stereotypes Ethnic stereotypes are commonly portrayed in ethnic jokes some of which some consider to be offensive to varying degrees Richard M Steers and Luciara Nardon in their book about the global economy use a variant of the You have two cows joke to illustrate the concept of cultural differences Russian company You have two cows You drink some vodka and count them again You have five cows The Russian Mafia shows up and takes however many cows you have Californian company You have a million cows Most of them are illegals They write that such jokes are considered funny because they are realistic caricatures of various cultures 15 page needed and the pervasiveness of such jokes stems from the significant cultural differences Steers and Nardon also state that others believe that cultural stereotypes in jokes of that kind must be viewed with caution 15 See also editMores National character National personification Objectification of people Racial profiling Racial stereotyping in advertising Racism Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America Stereotypes of Americans Stereotypes of groups within the United States Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans Stereotypes of African Americans Stereotypes of Jews Stereotypes of South Asians Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States An Englishman an Irishman and a Scotsman jokeReferences edit Terracciano A Abdel Khalek AM Adam N et al October 2005 National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures Science 310 5745 96 100 Bibcode 2005Sci 310 96T doi 10 1126 science 1117199 PMC 2775052 PMID 16210536 European stereotypes what do we think of each other and are we right interactive theguardian com January 26 2012 Retrieved October 14 2013 Graphic detail Charts maps and infographics May 30 2012 Greeks say they are the hardest working European nation Stereotypes of Europe The Economist Retrieved October 14 2013 MAPS A Complete Guide To National Stereotypes All Around The World Business Insider Australia Businessinsider com au September 3 2011 Retrieved October 14 2013 Yanko Tsvetkov s stereotype maps in pictures Art and design The Guardian February 17 2012 Retrieved October 14 2013 Mapping Stereotypes Alphadesigner Retrieved October 14 2013 Tim Dowling Stereotype maps Is that what they think of us Art and design The Guardian Retrieved October 14 2013 Maestro Dana E 2009 Racial Ethnic Stereotyping and The Media Media Effects Routledge pp 341 357 ISBN 9780203877111 Harnois Catherine October 12 2015 Race and the lifecourse readings from the intersection of race ethnicity and age Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 8 1513 1514 doi 10 1080 01419870 2015 1095344 ISSN 0141 9870 Lemons J Stanley 1977 Black Stereotypes as Reflected in Popular Culture 1880 1920 American Quarterly 29 1 102 116 doi 10 2307 2712263 ISSN 0003 0678 Mahar William J 1985 Black English in Early Blackface Minstrelsy A New Interpretation of the Sources of Minstrel Show Dialect American Quarterly 37 2 260 285 doi 10 2307 2712901 ISSN 0003 0678 Why do people find racist jokes funny BBC News May 7 2002 Retrieved January 22 2009 a b McCrae Robert R et al 2013 The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes Journal of Research in Personality 47 6 831 842 doi 10 1016 j jrp 2013 08 006 PMC 3811946 PMID 24187394 Science gets the last laugh on ethnic jokes MSNBC October 6 2005 2005 a b Steers Richard M Nardon Luciara 2005 Managing In The Global Economy M E Sharpe ISBN 0 7656 1551 7 Further reading editAli Maurizio 2010 Medios de comunicacion asuntos etnicos e intercultura en Colombia En Revista Razon y Palabra 74 nov 2010 ene 2011 Mexico DF ITESM Campus Estado de Mexico ISSN 1605 4806 Macrae CN Stangor C Hewstone M eds Stereotypes and stereotyping Guilford Press 1996 Pawel Milicki Naomi Ellemers Being different or being better European Journal on Social Psychology vol 26 1996 pp 97 114 National Stereotypes and Product Evaluations in a Socialist Country journal article Ethnic and National Stereotypes The Princeton Trilogy Revisited and Revised journal article National Stereotypes Correct Images and Distorted Images ed Blanca Valota 2007 ISBN 8876949534 National Stereotypes an Educational Challenge book Haiti and the United States National Stereotypes and the Literary Imagination book External links edit nbsp Media related to Ethnic and racial stereotypes at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ethnic stereotype amp oldid 1213710277, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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