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RAC2

January 31, 2023

"Rac2" redirects here. For the second game in the Ratchet & Clank series, see Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando.

Rac2 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (to be specific, a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases.[5] It is encoded by the gene RAC2.[6]

RAC2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesRAC2, EN-7, Gx, HSPC022, p21-Rac2, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2), Rac family small GTPase 2, IMD73B, IMD73C, IMD73A
External IDsOMIM: 602049 MGI: 97846 HomoloGene: 55699 GeneCards: RAC2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5880

19354

Ensembl

ENSG00000128340

ENSMUSG00000033220

UniProt

P15153

Q05144

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002872

NM_009008

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002863

NP_033034

Location (UCSC)Chr 22: 37.23 – 37.24 MbChr 15: 78.44 – 78.46 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Members of Rho family of GTPases appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases.[6]

Interactions

Rac2 has been shown to interact with ARHGDIA[7][8] and Nitric oxide synthase 2A.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128340 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033220 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Ridley AJ (2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking". Trends Cell Biol. 16 (10): 522–9. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006. PMID 16949823.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: RAC2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)".
  7. ^ Gorvel JP, Chang TC, Boretto J, Azuma T, Chavrier P (January 1998). "Differential properties of D4/LyGDI versus RhoGDI: phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity". FEBS Lett. 422 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00020-9. PMID 9490022. S2CID 10817327.
  8. ^ Fauré J, Dagher MC (May 2001). "Interactions between Rho GTPases and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI)". Biochimie. 83 (5): 409–14. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01263-9. PMID 11368848.
  9. ^ Kuncewicz T, Balakrishnan P, Snuggs MB, Kone BC (August 2001). "Specific association of nitric oxide synthase-2 with Rac isoforms in activated murine macrophages". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 281 (2): F326-36. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.2.F326. PMID 11457725. S2CID 15719851.

Further reading

  • Mizuno T, Kaibuchi K, Ando S, Musha T, Hiraoka K, Takaishi K, Asada M, Nunoi H, Matsuda I, Takai Y (1992). "Regulation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase by a small GTP-binding protein and its stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (15): 10215–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50005-9. PMID 1316893.
  • Reibel L, Dorseuil O, Stancou R, Bertoglio J, Gacon G (1991). "A hemopoietic specific gene encoding a small GTP binding protein is overexpressed during T cell activation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175 (2): 451–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91585-Z. PMID 1902092.
  • Kinsella BT, Erdman RA, Maltese WA (1991). "Carboxyl-terminal isoprenylation of ras-related GTP-binding proteins encoded by rac1, rac2, and ralA". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (15): 9786–94. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)92889-9. PMID 1903399.
  • Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, Evans T, Snyderman R (1989). "rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (28): 16378–82. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84716-6. PMID 2674130.
  • Kwong CH, Malech HL, Rotrosen D, Leto TL (1993). "Regulation of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase by rho-related G-proteins". Biochemistry. 32 (21): 5711–7. doi:10.1021/bi00072a029. PMID 8504089.
  • Courjal F, Chuchana P, Theillet C, Fort P (1997). "Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras-related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes". Genomics. 44 (2): 242–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4871. PMID 9299243.
  • Gorvel JP, Chang TC, Boretto J, Azuma T, Chavrier P (1998). "Differential properties of D4/LyGDI versus RhoGDI: phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity". FEBS Lett. 422 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00020-9. PMID 9490022. S2CID 10817327.
  • Dai Q, Choy E, Chiu V, Romano J, Slivka SR, Steitz SA, Michaelis S, Philips MR (1998). "Mammalian prenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase is in the endoplasmic reticulum". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (24): 15030–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.24.15030. PMID 9614111.
  • Ahmed S, Prigmore E, Govind S, Veryard C, Kozma R, Wientjes FB, Segal AW, Lim L (1998). "Cryptic Rac-binding and p21(Cdc42Hs/Rac)-activated kinase phosphorylation sites of NADPH oxidase component p67(phox)". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15693–701. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15693. PMID 9624165.
  • Faris SL, Rinckel LA, Huang J, Hong YR, Kleinberg ME (1998). "Phagocyte NADPH oxidase p67-phox possesses a novel carboxylterminal binding site for the GTPases Rac2 and Cdc42". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247 (2): 271–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8775. PMID 9642115.
  • Zhang B, Zheng Y (1998). "Negative regulation of Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac2 by homodimer formation". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25728–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25728. PMID 9748241.
  • Nishihara H, Kobayashi S, Hashimoto Y, Ohba F, Mochizuki N, Kurata T, Nagashima K, Matsuda M (1999). "Non-adherent cell-specific expression of DOCK2, a member of the human CDM-family proteins". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1452 (2): 179–87. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(99)00133-0. PMID 10559471.
  • Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
  • Scheffzek K, Stephan I, Jensen ON, Illenberger D, Gierschik P (2000). "The Rac-RhoGDI complex and the structural basis for the regulation of Rho proteins by RhoGDI". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (2): 122–6. doi:10.1038/72392. PMID 10655614. S2CID 6759163.
  • Ambruso DR, Knall C, Abell AN, Panepinto J, Kurkchubasche A, Thurman G, Gonzalez-Aller C, Hiester A, deBoer M, Harbeck RJ, Oyer R, Johnson GL, Roos D (2000). "Human neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an inhibitory Rac2 mutation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4654–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4654A. doi:10.1073/pnas.080074897. PMC 18288. PMID 10758162.
  • Williams DA, Tao W, Yang F, Kim C, Gu Y, Mansfield P, Levine JE, Petryniak B, Derrow CW, Harris C, Jia B, Zheng Y, Ambruso DR, Lowe JB, Atkinson SJ, Dinauer MC, Boxer L (2000). "Dominant negative mutation of the hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, Rac2, is associated with a human phagocyte immunodeficiency". Blood. 96 (5): 1646–54. PMID 10961859.
  • Tamura M, Kai T, Tsunawaki S, Lambeth JD, Kameda K (2000). "Direct interaction of actin with p47(phox) of neutrophil NADPH oxidase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276 (3): 1186–90. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3598. PMID 11027608.
  • Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z (2000). "Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells". Genome Res. 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152.
  • Lapouge K, Smith SJ, Walker PA, Gamblin SJ, Smerdon SJ, Rittinger K (2000). "Structure of the TPR domain of p67phox in complex with Rac.GTP". Mol. Cell. 6 (4): 899–907. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(05)00091-2. PMID 11090627.
  • Tarricone C, Xiao B, Justin N, Walker PA, Rittinger K, Gamblin SJ, Smerdon SJ (2001). "The structural basis of Arfaptin-mediated cross-talk between Rac and Arf signalling pathways". Nature. 411 (6834): 215–9. doi:10.1038/35075620. PMID 11346801. S2CID 4324211.

External links

  • Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine


 

This article on a gene on human chromosome 22 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

January 31, 2023
rac2, rac2, redirects, here, second, game, ratchet, clank, series, ratchet, clank, going, commando, rac2, related, botulinum, toxin, substrate, small, signaling, protein, specific, gtpase, member, subfamily, family, family, gtpases, encoded, gene, available, s. Rac2 redirects here For the second game in the Ratchet amp Clank series see Ratchet amp Clank Going Commando Rac2 Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 is a small 21 kDa signaling G protein to be specific a GTPase and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases 5 It is encoded by the gene RAC2 6 RAC2Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes1DS6 2W2T 2W2V 2W2XIdentifiersAliasesRAC2 EN 7 Gx HSPC022 p21 Rac2 ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 rho family small GTP binding protein Rac2 Rac family small GTPase 2 IMD73B IMD73C IMD73AExternal IDsOMIM 602049 MGI 97846 HomoloGene 55699 GeneCards RAC2Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 22 human 1 Band22q13 1Start37 225 270 bp 1 End37 244 448 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 15 mouse 2 Band15 15 E1Start78 443 367 bp 2 End78 456 983 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inbloodspleenbone marrowbone marrow cellsappendixmonocytecancellous bonethymuslymph nodeperiodontal fiberTop expressed inthymusspleenbloodankle jointbone marrowduodenumdermissubcutaneous adipose tissuesubmandibular glandbody of femurMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionnucleotide binding GTP binding protein kinase regulator activity GTPase activity protein bindingCellular componentcytoplasm cytosol phagocytic vesicle membrane nuclear envelope membrane focal adhesion plasma membrane actin filament extracellular exosome lamellipodium intracellular anatomical structureBiological processregulation of respiratory burst lymphocyte aggregation regulation of T cell proliferation positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process actin filament organization regulation of cell substrate adhesion regulation of neutrophil migration bone resorption platelet activation chemotaxis cell projection assembly positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of mast cell chemotaxis positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis regulation of mast cell degranulation regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction actin cytoskeleton organization signal transduction small GTPase mediated signal transduction G protein coupled receptor signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez588019354EnsemblENSG00000128340ENSMUSG00000033220UniProtP15153Q05144RefSeq mRNA NM 002872NM 009008RefSeq protein NP 002863NP 033034Location UCSC Chr 22 37 23 37 24 MbChr 15 78 44 78 46 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit MouseMembers of Rho family of GTPases appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events including the control of cell growth cytoskeletal reorganization and the activation of protein kinases 6 Contents 1 Interactions 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksInteractions EditRac2 has been shown to interact with ARHGDIA 7 8 and Nitric oxide synthase 2A 9 See also EditNADPH oxidaseReferences Edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000128340 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000033220 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Ridley AJ 2006 Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking Trends Cell Biol 16 10 522 9 doi 10 1016 j tcb 2006 08 006 PMID 16949823 a b Entrez Gene RAC2 ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 rho family small GTP binding protein Rac2 Gorvel JP Chang TC Boretto J Azuma T Chavrier P January 1998 Differential properties of D4 LyGDI versus RhoGDI phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity FEBS Lett 422 2 269 73 doi 10 1016 S0014 5793 98 00020 9 PMID 9490022 S2CID 10817327 Faure J Dagher MC May 2001 Interactions between Rho GTPases and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor Rho GDI Biochimie 83 5 409 14 doi 10 1016 S0300 9084 01 01263 9 PMID 11368848 Kuncewicz T Balakrishnan P Snuggs MB Kone BC August 2001 Specific association of nitric oxide synthase 2 with Rac isoforms in activated murine macrophages Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281 2 F326 36 doi 10 1152 ajprenal 2001 281 2 F326 PMID 11457725 S2CID 15719851 Further reading EditMizuno T Kaibuchi K Ando S Musha T Hiraoka K Takaishi K Asada M Nunoi H Matsuda I Takai Y 1992 Regulation of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase by a small GTP binding protein and its stimulatory and inhibitory GDP GTP exchange proteins J Biol Chem 267 15 10215 8 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 50005 9 PMID 1316893 Reibel L Dorseuil O Stancou R Bertoglio J Gacon G 1991 A hemopoietic specific gene encoding a small GTP binding protein is overexpressed during T cell activation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175 2 451 8 doi 10 1016 0006 291X 91 91585 Z PMID 1902092 Kinsella BT Erdman RA Maltese WA 1991 Carboxyl terminal isoprenylation of ras related GTP binding proteins encoded by rac1 rac2 and ralA J Biol Chem 266 15 9786 94 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 18 92889 9 PMID 1903399 Didsbury J Weber RF Bokoch GM Evans T Snyderman R 1989 rac a novel ras related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates J Biol Chem 264 28 16378 82 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 84716 6 PMID 2674130 Kwong CH Malech HL Rotrosen D Leto TL 1993 Regulation of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase by rho related G proteins Biochemistry 32 21 5711 7 doi 10 1021 bi00072a029 PMID 8504089 Courjal F Chuchana P Theillet C Fort P 1997 Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes Genomics 44 2 242 6 doi 10 1006 geno 1997 4871 PMID 9299243 Gorvel JP Chang TC Boretto J Azuma T Chavrier P 1998 Differential properties of D4 LyGDI versus RhoGDI phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity FEBS Lett 422 2 269 73 doi 10 1016 S0014 5793 98 00020 9 PMID 9490022 S2CID 10817327 Dai Q Choy E Chiu V Romano J Slivka SR Steitz SA Michaelis S Philips MR 1998 Mammalian prenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase is in the endoplasmic reticulum J Biol Chem 273 24 15030 4 doi 10 1074 jbc 273 24 15030 PMID 9614111 Ahmed S Prigmore E Govind S Veryard C Kozma R Wientjes FB Segal AW Lim L 1998 Cryptic Rac binding and p21 Cdc42Hs Rac activated kinase phosphorylation sites of NADPH oxidase component p67 phox J Biol Chem 273 25 15693 701 doi 10 1074 jbc 273 25 15693 PMID 9624165 Faris SL Rinckel LA Huang J Hong YR Kleinberg ME 1998 Phagocyte NADPH oxidase p67 phox possesses a novel carboxylterminal binding site for the GTPases Rac2 and Cdc42 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 247 2 271 6 doi 10 1006 bbrc 1998 8775 PMID 9642115 Zhang B Zheng Y 1998 Negative regulation of Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac2 by homodimer formation J Biol Chem 273 40 25728 33 doi 10 1074 jbc 273 40 25728 PMID 9748241 Nishihara H Kobayashi S Hashimoto Y Ohba F Mochizuki N Kurata T Nagashima K Matsuda M 1999 Non adherent cell specific expression of DOCK2 a member of the human CDM family proteins Biochim Biophys Acta 1452 2 179 87 doi 10 1016 S0167 4889 99 00133 0 PMID 10559471 Dunham I Shimizu N Roe BA Chissoe S Hunt AR Collins JE Bruskiewich R Beare DM Clamp M Smink LJ Ainscough R Almeida JP Babbage A Bagguley C Bailey J Barlow K Bates KN Beasley O Bird CP Blakey S Bridgeman AM Buck D Burgess J Burrill WD O Brien KP 1999 The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 Nature 402 6761 489 95 Bibcode 1999Natur 402 489D doi 10 1038 990031 PMID 10591208 Scheffzek K Stephan I Jensen ON Illenberger D Gierschik P 2000 The Rac RhoGDI complex and the structural basis for the regulation of Rho proteins by RhoGDI Nat Struct Biol 7 2 122 6 doi 10 1038 72392 PMID 10655614 S2CID 6759163 Ambruso DR Knall C Abell AN Panepinto J Kurkchubasche A Thurman G Gonzalez Aller C Hiester A deBoer M Harbeck RJ Oyer R Johnson GL Roos D 2000 Human neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an inhibitory Rac2 mutation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 9 4654 9 Bibcode 2000PNAS 97 4654A doi 10 1073 pnas 080074897 PMC 18288 PMID 10758162 Williams DA Tao W Yang F Kim C Gu Y Mansfield P Levine JE Petryniak B Derrow CW Harris C Jia B Zheng Y Ambruso DR Lowe JB Atkinson SJ Dinauer MC Boxer L 2000 Dominant negative mutation of the hematopoietic specific Rho GTPase Rac2 is associated with a human phagocyte immunodeficiency Blood 96 5 1646 54 PMID 10961859 Tamura M Kai T Tsunawaki S Lambeth JD Kameda K 2000 Direct interaction of actin with p47 phox of neutrophil NADPH oxidase Biochem Biophys Res Commun 276 3 1186 90 doi 10 1006 bbrc 2000 3598 PMID 11027608 Zhang QH Ye M Wu XY Ren SX Zhao M Zhao CJ Fu G Shen Y Fan HY Lu G Zhong M Xu XR Han ZG Zhang JW Tao J Huang QH Zhou J Hu GX Gu J Chen SJ Chen Z 2000 Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34 hematopoietic stem progenitor cells Genome Res 10 10 1546 60 doi 10 1101 gr 140200 PMC 310934 PMID 11042152 Lapouge K Smith SJ Walker PA Gamblin SJ Smerdon SJ Rittinger K 2000 Structure of the TPR domain of p67phox in complex with Rac GTP Mol Cell 6 4 899 907 doi 10 1016 S1097 2765 05 00091 2 PMID 11090627 Tarricone C Xiao B Justin N Walker PA Rittinger K Gamblin SJ Smerdon SJ 2001 The structural basis of Arfaptin mediated cross talk between Rac and Arf signalling pathways Nature 411 6834 215 9 doi 10 1038 35075620 PMID 11346801 S2CID 4324211 External links EditRAC2 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 2014 12 11 at the Wayback Machine This article on a gene on human chromosome 22 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title RAC2 amp oldid 1115229570, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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