The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced during pregnancy and can be found in a pregnant woman's urine and blood; it indicates the presence of an implanted fertilized egg. An earlier test, known as the AZ test, was developed by Selmar Aschheim and Bernhard Zondek.[2] When urine from a woman in the early months of pregnancy was injected into immature female mice, their ovaries would enlarge and show follicularmaturation. The test was considered reliable, with an error rate of less than 2%.[3] Friedman and Lapham's test was essentially identical, but replaced the mouse with a rabbit. A few days after the injection, the animal would be dissected and the size of her ovaries examined.
The rabbit test became a widely used bioassay (animal-based test) to test for pregnancy. The term "rabbit test" was first recorded in 1949, and was the origin of a common euphemism, "the rabbit died", for a positive pregnancy test.[4] The phrase was, in fact, based on a common misconception about the test. While many people assumed that the injected rabbit would die only if the woman was pregnant, in fact all rabbits used for the test died, as they had to be dissected in order to examine the ovaries.[5]
A later alternative to the rabbit test, known as the "Hogben test", used the African clawed frog, and yielded results without the need to cut the animal open.[6] Modern pregnancy tests continue to operate on the basis of testing for the presence of the hormone hCG in the blood or urine, but no longer require the use of a live animal.
References
^"The assay of gonadotropic extracts in the post-partum rabbit". Journal of Endocrinology. 24 (5). 1 May 1939.
^Morris Fishbein, M.D., ed. (1976). "Aschheim-Zondek Test". The New Illustrated Medical and Health Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 (Home Library ed.). New York, N.Y. 10016: H. S. Stuttman Co. p. 139.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Evans, Herbert M.; Simpson, Miriam E. (1930). "Aschheim-Zondek test for pregnancy – its present status". Calif West Med. 32 (3): 145–8. PMC1657362. PMID 18741327.
^Wilton, Dave (28 February 2007). . www.wordorigins.org. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
^Howe, Marvine (10 March 1991). "Dr Maurice Friedman 87 Dies Created Rabbit Pregnancy Test". The New York Times.
^Yong, Ed (4 May 2017). "How a Frog Became the First Mainstream Pregnancy Test". The Atlantic. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
About dot Com Explanation at German Inventions and Discoveries
The demand for pregnancy testing: The Aschheim–Zondek reaction, diagnostic versatility, and laboratory services in 1930s Britain, pages 240–241
January 31, 2023
rabbit, test, other, uses, rabbit, test, dead, rabbit, redirects, here, 19th, century, york, gang, dead, rabbits, american, band, dead, rabbitts, statistical, test, friedman, test, rabbit, test, friedman, test, early, pregnancy, test, developed, 1931, maurice,. For other uses see Rabbit Test Dead rabbit redirects here For the 19th century New York gang see Dead Rabbits For the American band see The Dead Rabbitts For the statistical test see Friedman test The rabbit test or Friedman test was an early pregnancy test developed in 1931 by Maurice Friedman and Maxwell Edward Lapham 1 at the University of Pennsylvania Rabbit testPurposePregnancy test Contents 1 Test 2 References 3 Sources 4 External linksTest EditThe hormone human chorionic gonadotropin hCG is produced during pregnancy and can be found in a pregnant woman s urine and blood it indicates the presence of an implanted fertilized egg An earlier test known as the AZ test was developed by Selmar Aschheim and Bernhard Zondek 2 When urine from a woman in the early months of pregnancy was injected into immature female mice their ovaries would enlarge and show follicular maturation The test was considered reliable with an error rate of less than 2 3 Friedman and Lapham s test was essentially identical but replaced the mouse with a rabbit A few days after the injection the animal would be dissected and the size of her ovaries examined The rabbit test became a widely used bioassay animal based test to test for pregnancy The term rabbit test was first recorded in 1949 and was the origin of a common euphemism the rabbit died for a positive pregnancy test 4 The phrase was in fact based on a common misconception about the test While many people assumed that the injected rabbit would die only if the woman was pregnant in fact all rabbits used for the test died as they had to be dissected in order to examine the ovaries 5 A later alternative to the rabbit test known as the Hogben test used the African clawed frog and yielded results without the need to cut the animal open 6 Modern pregnancy tests continue to operate on the basis of testing for the presence of the hormone hCG in the blood or urine but no longer require the use of a live animal References Edit The assay of gonadotropic extracts in the post partum rabbit Journal of Endocrinology 24 5 1 May 1939 Morris Fishbein M D ed 1976 Aschheim Zondek Test The New Illustrated Medical and Health Encyclopedia Vol 1 Home Library ed New York N Y 10016 H S Stuttman Co p 139 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint location link Evans Herbert M Simpson Miriam E 1930 Aschheim Zondek test for pregnancy its present status Calif West Med 32 3 145 8 PMC 1657362 PMID 18741327 Wilton Dave 28 February 2007 rabbit test the rabbit died www wordorigins org Archived from the original on 2 November 2019 Retrieved 30 July 2018 Howe Marvine 10 March 1991 Dr Maurice Friedman 87 Dies Created Rabbit Pregnancy Test The New York Times Yong Ed 4 May 2017 How a Frog Became the First Mainstream Pregnancy Test The Atlantic Retrieved 30 July 2018 Sources EditFriedman Maurice H Lapham Maxwell E March 1931 A Simple Rapid Procedure for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Early Pregnancies American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 21 3 405 410 doi 10 1016 S0002 9378 16 42174 5 ISSN 0002 9378 Wikidata Q115596844 External links EditAschheim Zondek pregnancy reaction at Who Named It The Rabbit Test at Snopes About dot Com Explanation at German Inventions and Discoveries The demand for pregnancy testing The Aschheim Zondek reaction diagnostic versatility and laboratory services in 1930s Britain pages 240 241 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rabbit test amp oldid 1126572075, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
