RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta
RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɾˠadʲiːoː n̪ˠə ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠə]; "Radio of the Gaeltacht"), abbreviated RnaG, is an Irish language radio station owned and operated by Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). The station is available on FM in Ireland and via satellite and on the Internet. It celebrated 40 years on air on 2 April 2012.[1] The station's main-headquarters are in Casla, County Galway with major studios also in Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal and Ballydavid, County Kerry.
| Broadcast area |
|
|---|---|
| Frequency | FM: 92 MHz - 94 MHz (Ireland) 102.7 MHz (Northern Ireland) Digital terrestrial television |
| Programming | |
| Format | Irish-language speech and music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Raidió Teilifís Éireann |
| RTÉ Radio 1 RTÉ 2fm RTÉ lyric fm RTÉ Pulse RTÉ 2XM RTÉ Jr Radio RTÉ Chill RTÉ Gold RTÉ Radio 1 Extra | |
| History | |
First air date | 2 April 1972 |
| Links | |
| Website | www |
History edit
Background edit
After the Irish Free State was formed and the Irish Civil War was concluded, the new state set up a single radio channel named 2RN in 1926, launched by Douglas Hyde. This was run by the Irish Post Office and was not a private enterprise. The radio program, operating out of Dublin, largely served the Anglophone population and at best reached as far as County Tipperary; a situation which did not change until more powerful transmitters were adopted in the 1930s at Athlone.[2] Those involved in setting up 2RN and J. J. Walsh (Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1923 to 1927) discussed the possibility of setting up an Irish-language radio service for the Gaeltacht community and more widely were sympathetic to Irish culture which included language revival, but the project was frustrated due to economic reasons and came to little.[3]
If we do not revive and develop Irish, we must inevitably be assimilated by one of these two communities (United Kingdom or the United States), or by the combined power by which they must eventually form and in that case our name and tradition and history will vanish out of human ken and our national individuality will be lost.
— P. S. O'Hegarty, Secretary of the Department for Posts and Telegraphs, 1924.[4]
As the Irish language was valued as part of Irish national identity and a marker of the young state's independence, there were some broadcasts in the language such as Nuacht and Tréimhseachán Teann (shows with English equivalents), the latter written by Séamus Ó Néill and Ciarán Ó Nualláin (brother of Brian Ó Nualláin). These featured alongside focus on Gaelic games, Irish traditional music and Catholic religious programming as part of a general nation-building content focus. In the 1940s, there were shows which sought to proactively teach the language such as Is Your Irish Rusty? and Listen and Learn.[5] Irish-language programming suffered from a shortage of materials and for audience figures. In 1943, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera – whose wife Sinéad Ní Fhlannagáin was a keen Conradh na Gaeilge activist – promoted the idea of a Gaeltacht station again, but there was no breakthrough.[3] By this time, 2RN had become Radio Éireann and still only had one channel, with limited broadcasting hours, often in competition for listeners with BBC Radio and Radio Luxembourg.
In the 1950s, a general liberalisation and commercialisation, indeed Americanisation began to occur in Ireland, as a push was made to move Ireland from a rural-agrarian society with a protectionist cultural policy, towards a market economy basis, with supply and demand the primarily basis of public communications. This brought Ireland into line culturally with the Western powers and eventually paved the way for its entrance into the European Economic Community. In 1960, RTÉ was established and direct control of communications moved from a government ministry position to a non-governmental RTÉ Director-General position, first filled by the American, Edward Roth. Previous cultural policies, including broadcasting in Irish, reduced in percentage, as ratings and profit became key. Eventually, in the late 1960s, a civil rights movement in the Gaeltacht, particularly Conamara emerged, seeking development and services for Irish-speakers, including a radio service. Out of the Gluaiseacht Chearta Siabhialta na Gaeltachta's advocacy came the pirate radio station Saor Raidió Chonamara in 1970.[6] This set the subsequent discourse for Irish-language and Gaeltacht issues as a civil rights and minority rights imperative.
Foundation edit
Gerry Collins, the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, announced in the Dáil in February 1971 that a new radio station for the Gaeltacht would be created. Raidió na Gaeltachta began broadcasting at 3pm on 2 April 1972 as part of Easter Sunday programming. During the very first broadcast, the main station at Casla, County Galway was not yet finished and the studios in County Kerry and County Donegal were still in construction, so it was broadcast from Galway. The first Ceannaire (Controller) Pádraic Ó Raghallaigh opened the show, which was followed by a recording from President Éamon de Valera. A recording of Seán Ó Riada's Irish-language Mass, Ceol an Aifrinn (which includes the hymn Ag Críost an Síol) from the Seipéal Mhic Dara at Carraroe was also played.
At foundation, the station began with a staff of seven, including six former teachers and a businessman: Ó Raghallaigh, Breandán Feiritéar, Timlín Ó Cearnaigh, Máirtín Ó Fátharta, Seán Ó Tuairisg, Maidhc P. Ó Conaola, Mícheál Ó Sé and Feardorcha Ó Colla.[7] Initially, Raidió na Gaeltachta broadcast for only two hours a day[8] and was only available in or near the three largest Gaeltacht districts. The local studio at Derrybeg in Gweedore, County Donegal, under the direction of Ulstermen, Ó Cearnaigh and Ó Colla, aided the native Irish music scene there. In the 1970s, Raidió na Gaeltachta gave early coverage to Clannad and Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh (later the singer for Altan). These groups would gain popularity not only in Ireland, but on the international stage, selling millions of records during the 1980s especially.[7] The station was dedicated to bringing the listener general news, both national and international (which, in the context of the times meant Donegal reporters with Gaelic names having to cross British Army checkpoints into Northern Ireland), as well as Gaelic sports coverage and more localised affairs of significance to the community in the Gaeltacht.[7]
21st century edit
Following the putting in place of a fourth RTÉ national radio transmitter network (used for RTÉ lyric fm), the station expanded to 24 hours from 1 October 2001. Listenership figures are hard to come by, as the station does not make payments to be included covered in the JNLR listenership survey. It is claimed that – as it doesn't carry advertising (the only Irish radio station not to do so) – paying to be included in a survey organised mainly for the benefit of the Irish advertising industry would be a waste of scarce funds. It is generally believed that listenership is high amongst fluent Irish speakers but its appeal among those learning the language is not as high as TG4 because (despite being available nationally) it is widely perceived as being oriented (as its name suggests) towards Gaeltacht residents.
For many years, Raidió na Gaeltachta was the only Irish-language broadcaster in the country; from the 1990s, it was joined by a television service, Telefís na Gaeilge (now known as TG4), and by regional community radio stations: Raidió na Life in Dublin, Raidió Fáilte in Belfast and Raidió Rí-Rá.
In March 2005, RTÉ announced that RnaG would allow songs with English lyrics to be played between 21:00 and 01:00, as part of a new popular music strand. In April 2005, it was announced that the name of this strand would be Anocht FM ('Tonight FM'). On weeknights the strand includes a new programme, Géill Slí ('Give Way'), as well as the existing long-running An Taobh Tuathail slot. The new service was launched on 2 May 2005. The first track with English-language lyrics played was "Blister in the Sun" by the Violent Femmes, chosen by public vote.[9]
Locations edit
RnaG is based in Casla, County Galway. It also has studios at Gaoth Dobhair (Gweedore), County Donegal; Baile na nGall in Ard na Caithne, County Kerry; Castlebar, County Mayo; with a smaller studio in Ring, County Waterford and the RTÉ Radio Centre in Dublin. The station is operated by RTÉ, but has a separate advisory council, Comhairle Raidió na Gaeltachta, which is appointed by the RTÉ Authority. RTÉ also appoints the Ceannaire, or Controller, of RnaG, who has day-to-day responsibility for the service.
Notable presenters edit
Audience edit
According to the 2011 JNLR survey, RnaG then had a weekly listenership of 100,000 which equates to a 3% market share. This is similar to Welsh-language BBC Radio Cymru, with 116,000 listeners and a 2.4% share.[10][11]
See also edit
- Tuairisc.ie
- BBC Radio nan Gàidheal – Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) radio service.
- TG4 - Irish language television service
- List of Irish-language media
- List of Celtic-language media
References edit
- ^ "RTÉ RnaG celebrates 40th birthday". RTÉ Ten. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Iarfhlaith Watson (1997). "A History of Irish Language Broadcasting: National Ideology, Commercial Interest and Minority Rights". UCD Press. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ a b Féach (6 March 1972). "Local Radio Service at Last for An Gaeltacht 1972". RTÉ Archives. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ Rangiānehu Matamua (2006). "Te Reo Pāho: Māori radio and language revitalisation" (PDF). Massey University. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ Iarfhlaith Watson (2002). "Irish-language broadcasting: history, ideology and identity" (PDF). Sage Publications. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin (2000). "Irish Language Broadcast Media: The Interaction of State Language Policy, Broadcasters and their Audiences". University of Limerick. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Lorna Siggins (2 April 2012). "Raidió réalteanna: Raidió na Gaeltachta marks 40 years". Irish Times. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ "RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta celebrates 40 years on the air". Gaelport. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ . web.archive.org. 3 May 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Language Scheme for RTÉ 2015-2018" (PDF). RTÉ.
- ^ Thomas, Huw (6 August 2015). "BBC Cymru Wales loses listeners" – via www.bbc.com.
Bibliography edit
- Farrell, Brian (1984). Communications and Community in Ireland. Mercier Press. ISBN 0853427275.
- Kelly-Holmes, Helen (2001). Minority Language Broadcasting: Breton and Irish. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 1853595683.
External links edit
- Official website (in Irish)
- Breandán Ó hEithir (2 April 1972). Raidio na Gaeltachta begins broadcasting (video clip). An Cheathrú Rua, Casla, Galway, Ireland: RTÉ.