trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E), R-1234ze(E)) is a hydrofluoroolefin. It was developed as a "fourth generation" refrigerant to replace fluids such as R-134a, as a blowing agent for foam and aerosol applications, and in air horns and gas dusters.[3] The use of R-134a is being phased out because of its high global warming potential (GWP). HFO-1234ze(E) itself has zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP=0), a very low global warming potential (GWP < 1 ), even lower than CO2, and it is classified by ANSI/ASHRAE[4] as class A2L refrigerant (lower flammability and lower toxicity).[5]
In open atmosphere however, HFO-1234ze actually might form HFC-23 as one of its secondary atmospheric breakdown products. HFC-23 is a very potent greenhouse gas with a GWP100 of 14,800. The secondary GWP of R-1234ze would then be in the range of 1,400±700 considering the amount of HFC-23 which may form from HFO-1234ze in the atmosphere. Besides the global warming potential, when HFOs decompose in the atmosphere, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA(A)) is formed, which also remains in the atmosphere for several days. The trifluoroacetic acid then forms trifluoroacetate (TFA), a salt of trifluoroacetic acid, in water and on the ground. Due to its high polarity and low degradability, it is difficult to remove TFA from drinking water (ICPR 2019).[6]
Usesedit
The increasing concerns about global warming and the related possible undesirable climate effects have led to an increasing agreement in developed countries for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the relatively high global warming potential of most of the hydro-fluoro-carbons (HFCs), several actions are ongoing in different countries to reduce the use of these fluids. For example, the European Union's recent F-Gas regulation[7] specifies the mandatory GWP values of the refrigerants to be used as working fluids in almost all air conditioners and refrigeration machines beginning in 2020.[8]
Several types of possible replacement candidates have been proposed so far, both synthetic and natural. Among the synthetic options, hydro-fluoro-olefins (HFOs) are the ones appearing most promising thus far.
HFO-1234ze(E) has been adopted as a working fluid in chillers, heat pumps, and supermarket refrigeration systems.[9][10][11] There are also plans to use it as a propellant in inhalers.[12]
It has been demonstrated that HFO-1234ze(E) can not be considered as a drop-in replacement of HFC-134a. In fact, from a thermodynamic point of view, it can be stated that:
– The theoretical coefficients of performance of HFO-1234ze(E) is slightly lower than HFC-134a one;
– HFO-1234ze(E) has a different volumetric cooling capacity when compared to HFC-134a.
– HFO-1234ze(E) has saturation pressure drops higher than HFC-134a during two-phase heat transfer under the constraint of achieving the same heat transfer coefficient.[13]
So, from a technological point of view, modifications to the condenser and evaporator designs and to compressor displacement are needed to achieve the same cooling capacity and energetic performance of HFC-134a.[8]
^ abcdSolstice® ze Refrigerant (HFO-1234ze) : Low GWP Hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) : The Environmental Alternative to Traditional Refrigerants, Honeywell Belgium N.V., FPR-003/2015-01. Accessed 2024-01-05.
^Honeywell Sells Novel Low-Global-Warming Blowing Agent To European Customers 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Honeywell press release, Oct. 7, 2008
^ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, 2010. Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.
^"The environmental alternative to traditional refrigerants". Honeywell. 2015. p. 2.
^Kauffeld, Michael (June 11, 2021). "Environmental impact of HFO refrigerants & alternatives for the future". Global Access Government.
^ abGiulia Righetti, Claudio Zilio, Simone Mancin & Giovanni A. Longo (2016): A review on in-tube two-phase heat transfer of hydro-fluoro-olefines refrigerants, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, DOI:10.1080/23744731.2016.1229528
^Longo, Giovanni A.; Zilio, Claudio; Righetti, Giulia; Brown, J. Steven (2014). "Condensation of the low GWP refrigerant HFO1234ze(E) inside a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger". International Journal of Refrigeration. 38: 250–259. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.08.013.
^Longo, Giovanni A.; Mancin, Simone; Righetti, Giulia; Zilio, Claudio (2016). "HFO1234ze(E) vaporisation inside a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger (BPHE): Comparison with HFC134a and HFO1234yf". International Journal of Refrigeration. 67: 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.04.002.
^Longo, Giovanni A.; Mancin, Simone; Righetti, Giulia; Zilio, Claudio (2016). "Saturated flow boiling of HFC134a and its low GWP substitute HFO1234ze(E) inside a 4 mm horizontal smooth tube". International Journal of Refrigeration. 64: 32–39. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.01.015.
^"AstraZeneca partners with Honeywell on development of HFO-1234ze MDIs". www.oindpnews.com.
^Brown, J.S., C. Zilio, R. Brignoli, and A. Cavallini. 2013. Heat transfer and pressure drop penalization terms (exergy losses) during flow boiling of refrigerants. International Journal of Energy Research 37:1669–79.
January 01, 1970
trans, tetrafluoropropene, 1234ze, 1234ze, hydrofluoroolefin, developed, fourth, generation, refrigerant, replace, fluids, such, 134a, blowing, agent, foam, aerosol, applications, horns, dusters, 134a, being, phased, because, high, global, warming, potential, . trans 1 3 3 3 Tetrafluoropropene HFO 1234ze E R 1234ze E is a hydrofluoroolefin It was developed as a fourth generation refrigerant to replace fluids such as R 134a as a blowing agent for foam and aerosol applications and in air horns and gas dusters 3 The use of R 134a is being phased out because of its high global warming potential GWP HFO 1234ze E itself has zero ozone depletion potential ODP 0 a very low global warming potential GWP lt 1 even lower than CO2 and it is classified by ANSI ASHRAE 4 as class A2L refrigerant lower flammability and lower toxicity 5 trans 1 3 3 3 Tetrafluoropropene Names Preferred IUPAC name 1E 1 3 3 3 Tetrafluoroprop 1 ene Other names R 1234ze E HFO 1234ze E trans 1 3 3 3 tetrafluoro 1 propene trans 1 3 3 3 tetrafluoropropylene trans 1 3 3 3 tetrafluoroprop 1 ene Identifiers CAS Number 29118 24 9 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChemSpider 4647426 Y ECHA InfoCard 100 238 116 EC Number 471 480 0 PubChem CID 5708720 UNII 5I2481UOO8 Y CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID10885446 InChI InChI 1S C3H2F4 c4 2 1 3 5 6 7 h1 2H b2 1 YKey CDOOAUSHHFGWSA OWOJBTEDSA N YInChI 1 C3H2F4 c4 2 1 3 5 6 7 h1 2H b2 1 Key CDOOAUSHHFGWSA OWOJBTEDBQ SMILES F C H CC F F F Properties Chemical formula C 3H 2F 4 Molar mass 114 043 g mol 1 Appearance Colorless gas 1 Melting point 156 C 249 F 117 K 2 Boiling point 19 C 2 F 254 K 1 2 Critical point T P 109 4 C 36 36 bar 2 Solubility in water 0 373 g L 1 2 Vapor pressure 703 kPa at 310 K Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references In open atmosphere however HFO 1234ze actually might form HFC 23 as one of its secondary atmospheric breakdown products HFC 23 is a very potent greenhouse gas with a GWP100 of 14 800 The secondary GWP of R 1234ze would then be in the range of 1 400 700 considering the amount of HFC 23 which may form from HFO 1234ze in the atmosphere Besides the global warming potential when HFOs decompose in the atmosphere trifluoroacetic acid TFA A is formed which also remains in the atmosphere for several days The trifluoroacetic acid then forms trifluoroacetate TFA a salt of trifluoroacetic acid in water and on the ground Due to its high polarity and low degradability it is difficult to remove TFA from drinking water ICPR 2019 6 Uses editThe increasing concerns about global warming and the related possible undesirable climate effects have led to an increasing agreement in developed countries for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Given the relatively high global warming potential of most of the hydro fluoro carbons HFCs several actions are ongoing in different countries to reduce the use of these fluids For example the European Union s recent F Gas regulation 7 specifies the mandatory GWP values of the refrigerants to be used as working fluids in almost all air conditioners and refrigeration machines beginning in 2020 8 Several types of possible replacement candidates have been proposed so far both synthetic and natural Among the synthetic options hydro fluoro olefins HFOs are the ones appearing most promising thus far HFO 1234ze E has been adopted as a working fluid in chillers heat pumps and supermarket refrigeration systems 9 10 11 There are also plans to use it as a propellant in inhalers 12 It has been demonstrated that HFO 1234ze E can not be considered as a drop in replacement of HFC 134a In fact from a thermodynamic point of view it can be stated that The theoretical coefficients of performance of HFO 1234ze E is slightly lower than HFC 134a one HFO 1234ze E has a different volumetric cooling capacity when compared to HFC 134a HFO 1234ze E has saturation pressure drops higher than HFC 134a during two phase heat transfer under the constraint of achieving the same heat transfer coefficient 13 So from a technological point of view modifications to the condenser and evaporator designs and to compressor displacement are needed to achieve the same cooling capacity and energetic performance of HFC 134a 8 See also edit2 3 3 3 Tetrafluoropropene HFO 1234yf References edit a b c MSDS Resource Centre msds resource honeywell com a b c d Solstice ze Refrigerant HFO 1234ze Low GWP Hydrofluoroolefins HFO The Environmental Alternative to Traditional Refrigerants Honeywell Belgium N V FPR 003 2015 01 Accessed 2024 01 05 Honeywell Sells Novel Low Global Warming Blowing Agent To European Customers Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Honeywell press release Oct 7 2008 ANSI ASHRAE Standard 34 2010 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants The environmental alternative to traditional refrigerants Honeywell 2015 p 2 Kauffeld Michael June 11 2021 Environmental impact of HFO refrigerants amp alternatives for the future Global Access Government Regulation EU No 517 2014 a b Giulia Righetti Claudio Zilio Simone Mancin amp Giovanni A Longo 2016 A review on in tube two phase heat transfer of hydro fluoro olefines refrigerants Science and Technology for the Built Environment DOI 10 1080 23744731 2016 1229528 Longo Giovanni A Zilio Claudio Righetti Giulia Brown J Steven 2014 Condensation of the low GWP refrigerant HFO1234ze E inside a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger International Journal of Refrigeration 38 250 259 doi 10 1016 j ijrefrig 2013 08 013 Longo Giovanni A Mancin Simone Righetti Giulia Zilio Claudio 2016 HFO1234ze E vaporisation inside a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger BPHE Comparison with HFC134a and HFO1234yf International Journal of Refrigeration 67 125 133 doi 10 1016 j ijrefrig 2016 04 002 Longo Giovanni A Mancin Simone Righetti Giulia Zilio Claudio 2016 Saturated flow boiling of HFC134a and its low GWP substitute HFO1234ze E inside a 4 mm horizontal smooth tube International Journal of Refrigeration 64 32 39 doi 10 1016 j ijrefrig 2016 01 015 AstraZeneca partners with Honeywell on development of HFO 1234ze MDIs www oindpnews com Brown J S C Zilio R Brignoli and A Cavallini 2013 Heat transfer and pressure drop penalization terms exergy losses during flow boiling of refrigerants International Journal of Energy Research 37 1669 79 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trans 1 3 3 3 Tetrafluoropropene amp oldid 1202512522, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
