Quantum chromodynamics binding energy (QCD binding energy), gluon binding energy or chromodynamic binding energy is the energy binding quarks together into hadrons. It is the energy of the field of the strong force, which is mediated by gluons. Motion-energy and interaction-energy contribute most of the hadron's mass.[1]
Most of the mass of hadrons is actually QCD binding energy, through mass–energy equivalence. This phenomenon is related to chiral symmetry breaking. In the case of nucleons – protons and neutrons – QCD binding energy forms about 99% of the nucleon's mass. That is if assuming that the kinetic energy of the hadron's constituents, moving at near the speed of light, which contributes greatly to the hadron mass,[1] is part of QCD binding energy. For protons, the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks (two up quarks and one down quark) is approximately 9.4 MeV/c2, while the proton's total mass is about 938.3 MeV/c2. For neutrons, the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks (two down quarks and one up quark) is approximately 11.9 MeV/c2, while the neutron's total mass is about 939.6 MeV/c2. Considering that nearly all of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleons, this means that about 99% of the mass of everyday matter (baryonic matter) is, in fact, chromodynamic binding energy.
Gluon energyedit
While gluons are massless, they still possess energy – chromodynamic binding energy. In this way, they are similar to photons, which are also massless particles carrying energy – photon energy. The amount of energy per single gluon, or "gluon energy", cannot be calculated. Unlike photon energy, which is quantifiable, described by the Planck–Einstein relation and depends on a single variable (the photon's frequency), no formula exists for the quantity of energy carried by each gluon. While the effects of a single photon can be observed, single gluons have not been observed outside of a hadron. Due to the mathematical complexity of quantum chromodynamics and the somewhat chaotic structure of hadrons,[2] which are composed of gluons, valence quarks, sea quarks and other virtual particles, it is not even measurable how many gluons exist at a given moment inside a hadron. Additionally, not all of the QCD binding energy is gluon energy, but rather, some of it comes from the kinetic energy of the hadron's constituents. Therefore, only the total QCD binding energy per hadron can be stated. However, in the future, studies into quark–gluon plasma might be able to overcome this.
^ abStrassler, Matt (15 April 2013). "Protons and Neutrons: The Massive Pandemonium in Matter". Of Particular Significance. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
^Cho, Adrian (2 April 2010). "Mass of the Common Quark Finally Nailed Down". Science Magazine. AAAS. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
November 01, 2023
quantum, chromodynamics, binding, energy, binding, energy, gluon, binding, energy, chromodynamic, binding, energy, energy, binding, quarks, together, into, hadrons, energy, field, strong, force, which, mediated, gluons, motion, energy, interaction, energy, con. Quantum chromodynamics binding energy QCD binding energy gluon binding energy or chromodynamic binding energy is the energy binding quarks together into hadrons It is the energy of the field of the strong force which is mediated by gluons Motion energy and interaction energy contribute most of the hadron s mass 1 Contents 1 Source of mass 2 Gluon energy 3 See also 4 ReferencesSource of mass editMost of the mass of hadrons is actually QCD binding energy through mass energy equivalence This phenomenon is related to chiral symmetry breaking In the case of nucleons protons and neutrons QCD binding energy forms about 99 of the nucleon s mass That is if assuming that the kinetic energy of the hadron s constituents moving at near the speed of light which contributes greatly to the hadron mass 1 is part of QCD binding energy For protons the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks two up quarks and one down quark is approximately 9 4 MeV c2 while the proton s total mass is about 938 3 MeV c2 For neutrons the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks two down quarks and one up quark is approximately 11 9 MeV c2 while the neutron s total mass is about 939 6 MeV c2 Considering that nearly all of the atom s mass is concentrated in the nucleons this means that about 99 of the mass of everyday matter baryonic matter is in fact chromodynamic binding energy Gluon energy editWhile gluons are massless they still possess energy chromodynamic binding energy In this way they are similar to photons which are also massless particles carrying energy photon energy The amount of energy per single gluon or gluon energy cannot be calculated Unlike photon energy which is quantifiable described by the Planck Einstein relation and depends on a single variable the photon s frequency no formula exists for the quantity of energy carried by each gluon While the effects of a single photon can be observed single gluons have not been observed outside of a hadron Due to the mathematical complexity of quantum chromodynamics and the somewhat chaotic structure of hadrons 2 which are composed of gluons valence quarks sea quarks and other virtual particles it is not even measurable how many gluons exist at a given moment inside a hadron Additionally not all of the QCD binding energy is gluon energy but rather some of it comes from the kinetic energy of the hadron s constituents Therefore only the total QCD binding energy per hadron can be stated However in the future studies into quark gluon plasma might be able to overcome this See also editGluon Quark Current quark and constituent quark Hadron Strong force Quantum chromodynamics Chiral symmetry breaking Photon energy Invariant mass and relativistic mass Binding energyReferences editDecomposition of the proton mass Lattice QCD https physics aps org articles v11 118 a b Strassler Matt 15 April 2013 Protons and Neutrons The Massive Pandemonium in Matter Of Particular Significance Retrieved 30 May 2016 Cho Adrian 2 April 2010 Mass of the Common Quark Finally Nailed Down Science Magazine AAAS Retrieved 30 May 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quantum chromodynamics binding energy amp oldid 1107014219, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
