Some of the names of the hundreds ended with the suffix shire as in Pydarshire, East and West Wivelshire and Powdershire which were first recorded as names between 1184 and 1187.[1]
In the Cornish language the word keverang (pl. keverangow) is the equivalent for English "hundred" and the Welsh cantref. The word, in its plural form, appears in place names like Meankeverango (i.e. stone of the hundreds) in 1580 (now The Enys, north of Prussia Cove and marking the southern end of the boundary between the hundreds of Penwith and Kerrier), and Assa Govranckowe 1580, Kyver Ankou c. 1720, also on the Penwith – Kerrier border near Scorrier. It is also found in the singular form at Buscaverran, just south of Crowan churchtown and also on the Penwith-Kerrier border. The hundred of Trigg is mentioned by name during the 7th century, as "Pagus Tricurius", "land of three war hosts".[2]
The division of Wessex into hundreds is thought to date from the reign of King Athelstan, and in the Geld Inquest of 1083, only seven hundreds are found in Cornwall, identified by the names of the chief manors of each: Connerton, Winnianton, Pawton, Tybesta, Stratton, Fawton and Rillaton (corresponding to Penwith, Kerrier, Pydar, Powder, Trigg, West Wivel and East Wivel). At the time of the Domesday Survey of 1086, the internal order of the Cornish manors in the Exeter Domesday Book is in most cases based on the hundreds to which they belonged, although the hundred names are not used.[3][4][5][6]
All of the lordships of the Hundreds of Cornwall belonged, and still belong, to the Duchy of Cornwall, apart from Penwith which belonged to the Arundells of Lanherne. The Arundells sold their lordship to the Hawkins family in 1813 and the Hawkinses went on to sell it to the Paynters in 1832. The Lordship of Penwith came with a great number of rights over the entire hundred. These included: rights to try certain cases of trespass, trespass on the law, debt and detinue, to appoint a jailor for the detention of persons apprehended, to receive high-rent from the lords of the principal manors and to claim the regalia of the navigable rivers and havens, the profits of the royal gold and silver mines, and all wrecks, escheats, deodands, treasure trove, waifs, estrays, goods of felons and droits of admiralty happening within the hundred.[7]
The origins of the names have puzzled some earlier writers on the subject: Penwith is certainly the name of Land's End in Cornish (earliest occurrence in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 997); Kerrier (sometimes Kirrier) is thought by Thomas to be derived from an obsolete name (ker hyr = long fort) of Castle Pencaire on Tregonning Hill, Breage; Lesnewth denotes a place where a 'new court' has been established (the 'old court' having been at Henlis(-ton): Helstone, formerly Helston-in-Trigg); Powder has no certain derivation: 'pou' means 'territory' in Cornish; Pydar (or Pyder) has been variously explained: perhaps it derives from a Cornish word meaning 'a fourth part'; Stratton was at the time of Domesday an important manor and 200 years earlier it is mentioned as 'Strætneat' (etym. dub.); Trigg is explained in the separate article; East and West (Wivelshire) must have originally had a Cornish name but it is not recorded. The original English name was Twofold-shire, because it was divided into the two parts, East and West. The names East Twofold-shire and West Twofold-shire were then misdivided, giving the name Wivelshire.[9]
List of hundreds in 1841edit
Hundreds of Cornwall in the early 19th century, (formerly known as Cornish shires)
By 1841 Cornwall was composed of ten hundreds as listed below here:
^Henderson, Charles 'A note on the hundreds of Pydar and Powder' in Essays in Cornish History (Oxford University Press, 1935)
^W. G. Hoskins, The Westward Expansion of Wessex (Leicester: Univ. Press, 1960)
^Thomas, Charles, 'Settlement History in Early Cornwall: I; the antiquity of the hundreds' in: Cornish Archaeology vol. 3 (St Ives: Cornwall Archaeological Society, 1964), pp. 70–79
hundreds, cornwall, hundreds, cornwall, cornish, keverangow, kernow, were, administrative, divisions, shires, hundreds, into, which, cornwall, present, administrative, county, england, united, kingdom, divided, between, 1894, when, they, were, replaced, with, . The hundreds of Cornwall Cornish Keverangow Kernow were administrative divisions or Shires hundreds into which Cornwall the present day administrative county of England in the United Kingdom was divided between c 925 and 1894 when they were replaced with local government districts A map of the Cornish hundreds1783 map of CornwallSome of the names of the hundreds ended with the suffix shire as in Pydarshire East and West Wivelshire and Powdershire which were first recorded as names between 1184 and 1187 1 In the Cornish language the word keverang pl keverangow is the equivalent for English hundred and the Welsh cantref The word in its plural form appears in place names like Meankeverango i e stone of the hundreds in 1580 now The Enys north of Prussia Cove and marking the southern end of the boundary between the hundreds of Penwith and Kerrier and Assa Govranckowe 1580 Kyver Ankou c 1720 also on the Penwith Kerrier border near Scorrier It is also found in the singular form at Buscaverran just south of Crowan churchtown and also on the Penwith Kerrier border The hundred of Trigg is mentioned by name during the 7th century as Pagus Tricurius land of three war hosts 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin of the hundred names 1 2 List of hundreds in 1841 2 Parishes in the ten hundreds 2 1 Penwith 2 2 Kerrier 2 3 Pydarshire 2 4 Powdershire 2 5 Triggshire 2 6 Lesnewth 2 7 Stratton 2 8 East Wivelshire 2 9 West Wivelshire 2 10 Scilly 3 Other medieval divisions of Cornwall 4 References and bibliography 5 See alsoHistory editThe division of Wessex into hundreds is thought to date from the reign of King Athelstan and in the Geld Inquest of 1083 only seven hundreds are found in Cornwall identified by the names of the chief manors of each Connerton Winnianton Pawton Tybesta Stratton Fawton and Rillaton corresponding to Penwith Kerrier Pydar Powder Trigg West Wivel and East Wivel At the time of the Domesday Survey of 1086 the internal order of the Cornish manors in the Exeter Domesday Book is in most cases based on the hundreds to which they belonged although the hundred names are not used 3 4 5 6 All of the lordships of the Hundreds of Cornwall belonged and still belong to the Duchy of Cornwall apart from Penwith which belonged to the Arundells of Lanherne The Arundells sold their lordship to the Hawkins family in 1813 and the Hawkinses went on to sell it to the Paynters in 1832 The Lordship of Penwith came with a great number of rights over the entire hundred These included rights to try certain cases of trespass trespass on the law debt and detinue to appoint a jailor for the detention of persons apprehended to receive high rent from the lords of the principal manors and to claim the regalia of the navigable rivers and havens the profits of the royal gold and silver mines and all wrecks escheats deodands treasure trove waifs estrays goods of felons and droits of admiralty happening within the hundred 7 The Lann Pydar 8 joint benefice is a benefice combining those of St Ervan St Eval St Mawgan and St Columb Major It is in Pydar deanery of the Diocese of Truro Origin of the hundred names edit The origins of the names have puzzled some earlier writers on the subject Penwith is certainly the name of Land s End in Cornish earliest occurrence in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle for 997 Kerrier sometimes Kirrier is thought by Thomas to be derived from an obsolete name ker hyr long fort of Castle Pencaire on Tregonning Hill Breage Lesnewth denotes a place where a new court has been established the old court having been at Henlis ton Helstone formerly Helston in Trigg Powder has no certain derivation pou means territory in Cornish Pydar or Pyder has been variously explained perhaps it derives from a Cornish word meaning a fourth part Stratton was at the time of Domesday an important manor and 200 years earlier it is mentioned as Straetneat etym dub Trigg is explained in the separate article East and West Wivelshire must have originally had a Cornish name but it is not recorded The original English name was Twofold shire because it was divided into the two parts East and West The names East Twofold shire and West Twofold shire were then misdivided giving the name Wivelshire 9 List of hundreds in 1841 edit nbsp Hundreds of Cornwall in the early 19th century formerly known as Cornish shires By 1841 Cornwall was composed of ten hundreds as listed below here Penwith Penwyth Kerrier Keryer Pydarshire Pedera Powdershire Pow Ereder Triggshire Trigor Lesnewth Lysnowyth Stratton Stradneth East Wivelshire Ryslegh West Wivelshire Fawy Scilly Syllan Parishes in the ten hundreds editPenwith edit Main article Penwith Hundred nbsp PenwithSt Buryan Camborne Crowan St Erth Gulval alias Lanisly Gwinear Gwithian St Hilary Illogan St Ives St Just in Penwith Lelant Uny Lelant St Levan Ludgvan Madron Morvah Paul Perranuthnoe Phillack Redruth Sancreed Sennen Towednack Zennor Kerrier edit Main article Kerrier Hundred nbsp KerrierSt Anthony in Meneage Breage Budock Constantine Cury Falmouth Germoe St Gluvias Grade Gunwalloe alias Winnington Gwennap with St Day Helston St Keverne Landewednack Mabe Manaccan St Martin in Meneage Mawgan in Meneage Mawnan Mullion Mylor Perranarworthal Ruan Major Ruan Minor Sithney St Stithians WendronPydarshire edit nbsp PydarshireSt Agnes St Breock Colan St Columb Minor amp St Columb Major Crantock Cubert St Enoder St Ervan St Eval St Issey Lanhydrock Lanivet St Mawgan in Pydar St Merryn St Newlyn East Padstow Perranzabuloe Little Petherick St Wenn Withiel Powdershire edit nbsp PowdershireSt Allen St Anthony in Roseland St Austell St Blazey St Clement Cornelly Creed with Grampound Cuby with Tregony St Dennis St Erme St Ewe Feock Fowey Gerrans Gorran St Just in Roseland Kea Kenwyn Ladock Lamorran Lanlivery Lostwithiel Luxulyan Merther Mevagissey St Mewan St Michael Caerhays St Michael Penkevil Philleigh Probus Roche Ruan Lanihorne St Sampson Golant St Stephen in Brannel Truro St Mary Tywardreath Veryan Triggshire edit Main article Triggshire nbsp TriggshireBodmin Blisland St Breward Egloshayle St Endellion Helland St Kew St Mabyn St Minver St Teath Temple St Tudy Lesnewth edit Main article Lesnewth Hundred nbsp LesnewthAdvent Altarnun St Clether Davidstow Forrabury St Gennys St Juliot Lanteglos by Camelford Lesnewth Michaelstow Minster Otterham Poundstock Tintagel with Bossiney Treneglos Trevalga Warbstow Stratton edit nbsp StrattonBoyton Bridgerule Jacobstow Kilkhampton Launcells Marhamchurch Morwenstow Poughill Stratton North Tamerton Week St Mary Whitstone East Wivelshire edit Main article Wivelshire nbsp East WivelshireAntony St Jacob Botus Fleming Callington Calstock Egloskerry Landulph Landrake with St Erney Laneast Launceston St Mary Magdalene Lawhitton Lewannick Lezant Linkinhorne Maker St Mellion Menheniot North Hill Pillaton Quethiock Rame Sheviock South Hill South Petherwin St Germans St John St Stephens with Newport Stoke Climsland St Dominick St Ive St Stephen by Saltash St Thomas Apostle by Launceston Torpoint Tremaine Tresmeer Trewen West Wivelshire edit Main article Wivelshire nbsp West WivelshireBoconnoc Braddock Cardinham St Cleer Duloe St Keyne Lanreath Lansallos Lanteglos by Fowey Liskeard St Martin by Looe Morval St Neot Pelynt St Pinnock Talland St Veep Warleggan St Winnow Scilly edit St Agnes St Mary s St Martin s Bryher Tresco SamsonOther medieval divisions of Cornwall editBrannel Cornish Bronel meaning hilly place Meneage Cornish Manahek meaning monastic lands Roseland Cornish Ros meaning moor heath Rame Peninsula Cornish Ros meaning moor heath 10 References and bibliography edit Gover J E B 1946 Research paper at the Courtney Library Royal Institution of Cornwall Truro Craig Weatherhill Article in Cornish World March 2007 Henderson Charles A note on the hundreds of Pydar and Powder in Essays in Cornish History Oxford University Press 1935 W G Hoskins The Westward Expansion of Wessex Leicester Univ Press 1960 Thomas Charles Settlement History in Early Cornwall I the antiquity of the hundreds in Cornish Archaeology vol 3 St Ives Cornwall Archaeological Society 1964 pp 70 79 Thorn Caroline amp Frank eds Domesday Book 10 Cornwall Chichester Phillimore 1979 National Archives Cat 021 ar 6 amp c The Benefice of LannPydar A Church Near You The Church of England Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 Retrieved 16 August 2022 Thomas Charles 1964 pp 70 79 Weatherhill Craig 2009 A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place Names Leac an Anfa Cathair na Mart Evertype ISBN 978 1 904808 22 0 Padel O J 1985 Cornish Place name Elements Nottingham English Place name Society ISBN 0 904889 11 4See also edit nbsp Cornwall portalList of former administrative divisions in Cornwall Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hundreds of Cornwall amp oldid 1211860529 Pydarshire, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
