The Protogeometric style (or Proto-Geometric) is a style of Ancient Greek pottery led by Athens produced between roughly 1050 and 900 BCE,[1][2][3] in the first period of the Greek Dark Ages.[4] After the collapse of the Mycenaean-Minoan Palace culture and the ensuing Greek Dark Ages, the Protogeometric style emerged around the mid 11th century BCE as the first expression of a reviving civilization. Following on from the development of a faster potter's wheel, vases of this period are markedly more technically accomplished than earlier Dark Age examples. The decoration of these pots is restricted to purely abstract elements and very often includes broad horizontal bands about the neck and belly and concentric circles applied with compass and multiple brush. Many other simple motifs can be found, but unlike many pieces in the following Geometric style, typically much of the surface is left plain.[5]
Proto-Geometric amphora c. 975–950 BCE. Athens, now British Museum.Proto-Geometric amphora c. 950–900 BCE
Like many pieces, the example illustrated includes a colour change in the main band, arising from a firing fault. Both the red and black colour use the same clay, differently levigated and fired. As the Greeks learnt to control this variation, the path to their distinctive three-phase firing technique opened.
Some of the innovations included some new Mycenean influenced shapes, such as the belly-handled amphora, the neck handled amphora, the krater, and the lekythos. Attic artists redesigned these vessels using the fast wheel to increase the height and therefore the area available for decoration.
From Athens the style spread to several other centres.[6]
^Miller 2013, p. 139 :"Around the beginning of the Protogeometric Period [c.1075/50]...".
^Lemos 2002, p. 2 :"...the Aegean from the period around 1050/25 to around 900 BC, named after its characteristic 'Protogeometric' pottery style.".
^Fantalkin, Alexander, Assaf Kleiman, Hans Mommsen, and Israel Finkelstein, (2020). "Aegean Pottery in Iron IIA Megiddo: Typological, Archaeometric and Chronological Aspects", in Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry Vol. 20, No 3, (2020), p. 143: "...This would imply that the preceding Aegean sequence from Early Protogeometric to the end of Late Protogeometric should cover the last few decades of the 11th century BCE and the entire 10th century BCE..."
Lemos, Irene S. (2002). The Protogeometric Aegean, The Archaeology of the Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries BC. Oxford University Press.
Miller, D. Garry (2013). Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors, Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus. De Gruyter.
Murray, R. L. The Protogeometric Style: the first Greek style (1975).
Eiteljorg, H., "The fast wheel, the multiple brush compass and Athens as home of the Protogeometric style" American Journal of Archaeology (AJA) 84 (1980) pp. 445–452.
Further readingedit
Betancourt, Philip P. 2007. Introduction to Aegean Art. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press.
Preziosi, Donald, and Louise A. Hitchcock. 1999. Aegean Art and Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
External linksedit
, (Japanese and English)
, University of Texas at Austin
February 16, 2024
protogeometric, style, proto, geometric, style, ancient, greek, pottery, athens, produced, between, roughly, 1050, first, period, greek, dark, ages, after, collapse, mycenaean, minoan, palace, culture, ensuing, greek, dark, ages, emerged, around, 11th, century. The Protogeometric style or Proto Geometric is a style of Ancient Greek pottery led by Athens produced between roughly 1050 and 900 BCE 1 2 3 in the first period of the Greek Dark Ages 4 After the collapse of the Mycenaean Minoan Palace culture and the ensuing Greek Dark Ages the Protogeometric style emerged around the mid 11th century BCE as the first expression of a reviving civilization Following on from the development of a faster potter s wheel vases of this period are markedly more technically accomplished than earlier Dark Age examples The decoration of these pots is restricted to purely abstract elements and very often includes broad horizontal bands about the neck and belly and concentric circles applied with compass and multiple brush Many other simple motifs can be found but unlike many pieces in the following Geometric style typically much of the surface is left plain 5 Proto Geometric amphora c 975 950 BCE Athens now British Museum Proto Geometric amphora c 950 900 BCELike many pieces the example illustrated includes a colour change in the main band arising from a firing fault Both the red and black colour use the same clay differently levigated and fired As the Greeks learnt to control this variation the path to their distinctive three phase firing technique opened Some of the innovations included some new Mycenean influenced shapes such as the belly handled amphora the neck handled amphora the krater and the lekythos Attic artists redesigned these vessels using the fast wheel to increase the height and therefore the area available for decoration From Athens the style spread to several other centres 6 Contents 1 Chronology 2 See also 3 References 4 Souces 5 Further reading 6 External linksChronology editAlex Knodell in his 2021 book classifies Protogeometric period in three sub periods 7 Ceramic period Dates BCEEarly Protogeometric 1070 40 1000Middle Protogeometric 1000 950Late Protogeometric 950 900See also editMycenaean pottery Archaic periodReferences edit Miller 2013 p 139 Around the beginning of the Protogeometric Period c 1075 50 Lemos 2002 p 2 the Aegean from the period around 1050 25 to around 900 BC named after its characteristic Protogeometric pottery style Fantalkin Alexander Assaf Kleiman Hans Mommsen and Israel Finkelstein 2020 Aegean Pottery in Iron IIA Megiddo Typological Archaeometric and Chronological Aspects in Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry Vol 20 No 3 2020 p 143 This would imply that the preceding Aegean sequence from Early Protogeometric to the end of Late Protogeometric should cover the last few decades of the 11th century BCE and the entire 10th century BCE Cook 30 Cook 31 Cook 30 31 Knodell Alex 2021 Societies in Transition in Early Greece An Archaeological History University of California Press Oakland Table 1 p 7 Souces editCook R M Greek Art Penguin 1986 reprint of 1972 ISBN 0140218661 Lemos Irene S 2002 The Protogeometric Aegean The Archaeology of the Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries BC Oxford University Press Miller D Garry 2013 Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus De Gruyter Murray R L The Protogeometric Style the first Greek style 1975 Eiteljorg H The fast wheel the multiple brush compass and Athens as home of the Protogeometric style American Journal of Archaeology AJA 84 1980 pp 445 452 Further reading editBetancourt Philip P 2007 Introduction to Aegean Art Philadelphia INSTAP Academic Press Preziosi Donald and Louise A Hitchcock 1999 Aegean Art and Architecture Oxford Oxford University Press External links editGreek Art amp Archaeology Japanese and English Introduction to the Ancient World Greece University of Texas at Austin Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protogeometric style amp oldid 1188129821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
