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Denck was born in 1495 in the Bavarian town of Habach. He entered the University of Ingolstadt on October 10, 1517, and graduated in 1519.[1] Denck began working as a family tutor in Niederstotzingen.[1] By the recommendation of Johannes Oecolampadius, Denck became headmaster at the St. Sebaldus school in Nuremberg in 1523. He became involved in the trial of the artist brothers Sebald and Barthel Beham, who were expelled from the city in 1524 at the instigation of Andreas Osiander. In Nuremberg, he met Thomas Müntzer, and so first came in contact with radical theology, which he accepted with modifications. In consequence of his convictions, he was banished from Nuremberg in January 1524, and forced upon a wandering life, which he henceforth led until his death.[2]
In 1525 he went to Augsburg where he met in April 1526 Balthasar Hubmaier who impressed him very much and who most probably baptized him. In late 1526 he fled from there and arrived in Strasbourg in November 1526 where he stayed with Ludwig Haetzer, a like-minded Anabaptist. He was also expelled from there, and after a long time of wandering in Southern Germany and Switzerland he found refuge with Johannes Oekolampad in Basel. After attending the Martyrs' Synod in Augsburg, he returned to Basel where he died in 1527 of bubonic plague.[3] In his writings he fiercely attacked the reformers; together with Haetzer he translated the Biblical books of the Prophets into German (Worms 1527).
Theologyedit
Denck was influenced by the German theologian Johannes Tauler's mysticism. For Denck the living, inner word of God was more important than the letters of the Scripture. This belief was contrary to the Lutheran belief of giving scripture primacy.[3] Denck thought of the Bible as a human product, the individual books being different witnesses of one truth. He did not value the scripture as the source of all true religious knowledge, but instead the spirit that speaks from within each person. For Denck the sacraments were only symbols: baptism a sign of commitment, communion a ceremony of remembrance.
Denck held that Christ is the embodiment the perfect person, never separated from God because he has always done God's will. Thus does Christ serve as model. Luther taught the doctrine of justification by faith whereas Denck's whole emphasis was put instead on discipleship to Jesus. Indeed, his motto was: "No one may truly know Christ except one who follows Him in life".[4]
It is not clear if Denck was Anti-Trinitarian. His enemies as well as modern Unitarian scholars have presented him as Anti-Trinitarian, despite the lack of evidence of this in Denck's own writings. Clearly though, he was a non-dogmatic Christian.[5]
Joachim Vadian and Johann Kessler accused Denck of Universalism,[6] but this is unlikely.[7]
Selected worksedit
Alle Propheten, 1528 edition title page.
Von der wahren Liebe. Reprint of the edition Worms 1527. Nördlingen: Uhl 1983.
Alle Prophetenn Nach Hebräischer Sprache verdeutscht. Translation: Ludwig Hätzer u. Hans Dengk. Augspurg 1530.
Microfiche-edition: The radical Reformation microfiche project [Mikroform]. Section 1, Mennonite and related sources up to 1600. Zug: InterDocumentation Comp., 19XX.
Micha der Prophet auss rechter Hebraischen sprach verteutsch und wie den H. D. auf diese letste Zeit verglichen hat. Strassburg, c. 1535.
Referencesedit
^ abDeck, Hans (1991). The Spiritual Legacy of Hans Denck : Interpretation and Translation of Key Texts. [Including the German text as established by Georg Baring and Walter Fellmann]. Clarence Bauman. Leiden. ISBN978-90-04-47693-6. OCLC 1294375260.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Georg Baring, ed., Schriften Hans Denck Teil 1. Bibliographie. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann 1955.
Walter Fellmann, ed., Schriften Hans Denck Teil 2. Religiöse Schriften. Gütersloh: Bertelsman 1956.
Walter Fellmann, ed., Schriften Hans Denck Teil 3. Exegetische Schriften, Gedichte und Briefe. Gütersloh: Mohn 1960.
Denck materialedit
Ludwig Keller: Ein Apostel der Wiedertaeufer. Leipzig: Hirzel 1882.
Gerhard Haake: Hans Denk, ein Vorläufer der neueren Theologie: 1495 - 1527. Soltau: Norden 1897.
Hans Pöhlmann: Die Reformation, das Volk und die Schwarmgeister in Nürnberg: (Hans Sachs, Hans Denk, Sebastian Franck). Nürnberg: Selbstverlag der Vereinigung ev. Akademiker in Nürnberg, Kommissionsverlag der „Fränkischen Wacht“, (1925). Serie Die Reformation in Nürnberg. Vier Vorträge gehalten in der Vereinigung evangelischer Akademiker in Nürnberg. (S. 50 - 64.).
Otto Erich Vittali: Die Theologie des Wiedertäufers Hans Denck. Offenburg, 1932 (Dissertation Freiburg 1930).
Georg Baring: Bibliographie der Ausgaben der „Theologia Deutsch“ (1516 - 1961); Ein Beitrag zur Lutherbibliographie mit Faksimileabdruck der Erstausgabe. Baden-Baden: Heitz 1963.
Clarence Baumann: The spiritual legacy of Hans Denck : interpretation and translation of key texts. Leiden [u.a.]: Brill, 1991. ISBN90-04-09291-9
E. J. Furcha: Selected Writings of Hans Denck, 1500-1527 (Texts and Studies in Religion)ISBN0-88946-833-8
Denck, Hans (ca. 1500-1527) in Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
Why Was Hans Denck Thought To Be a Universalist? [1] in The Journal of Ecclesiastical History / Volume 55 / Issue 02 / April 2004, pp 257–274
December 15, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German June 2018 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 8 914 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Hans Denck see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Hans Denck to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Hans Denck c 1495 November 27 1527 was a German theologian and Anabaptist leader during the Reformation Contents 1 Biography 2 Theology 3 Selected works 4 References 5 Further reading 5 1 Anabapist history 5 2 Denck material 6 External linksBiography editDenck was born in 1495 in the Bavarian town of Habach He entered the University of Ingolstadt on October 10 1517 and graduated in 1519 1 Denck began working as a family tutor in Niederstotzingen 1 By the recommendation of Johannes Oecolampadius Denck became headmaster at the St Sebaldus school in Nuremberg in 1523 He became involved in the trial of the artist brothers Sebald and Barthel Beham who were expelled from the city in 1524 at the instigation of Andreas Osiander In Nuremberg he met Thomas Muntzer and so first came in contact with radical theology which he accepted with modifications In consequence of his convictions he was banished from Nuremberg in January 1524 and forced upon a wandering life which he henceforth led until his death 2 In 1525 he went to Augsburg where he met in April 1526 Balthasar Hubmaier who impressed him very much and who most probably baptized him In late 1526 he fled from there and arrived in Strasbourg in November 1526 where he stayed with Ludwig Haetzer a like minded Anabaptist He was also expelled from there and after a long time of wandering in Southern Germany and Switzerland he found refuge with Johannes Oekolampad in Basel After attending the Martyrs Synod in Augsburg he returned to Basel where he died in 1527 of bubonic plague 3 In his writings he fiercely attacked the reformers together with Haetzer he translated the Biblical books of the Prophets into German Worms 1527 Theology editDenck was influenced by the German theologian Johannes Tauler s mysticism For Denck the living inner word of God was more important than the letters of the Scripture This belief was contrary to the Lutheran belief of giving scripture primacy 3 Denck thought of the Bible as a human product the individual books being different witnesses of one truth He did not value the scripture as the source of all true religious knowledge but instead the spirit that speaks from within each person For Denck the sacraments were only symbols baptism a sign of commitment communion a ceremony of remembrance Denck held that Christ is the embodiment the perfect person never separated from God because he has always done God s will Thus does Christ serve as model Luther taught the doctrine of justification by faith whereas Denck s whole emphasis was put instead on discipleship to Jesus Indeed his motto was No one may truly know Christ except one who follows Him in life 4 It is not clear if Denck was Anti Trinitarian His enemies as well as modern Unitarian scholars have presented him as Anti Trinitarian despite the lack of evidence of this in Denck s own writings Clearly though he was a non dogmatic Christian 5 Joachim Vadian and Johann Kessler accused Denck of Universalism 6 but this is unlikely 7 Selected works edit nbsp Alle Propheten 1528 edition title page Von der wahren Liebe Reprint of the edition Worms 1527 Nordlingen Uhl 1983 Alle Prophetenn Nach Hebraischer Sprache verdeutscht Translation Ludwig Hatzer u Hans Dengk Augspurg 1530 Microfiche edition The radical Reformation microfiche project Mikroform Section 1 Mennonite and related sources up to 1600 Zug InterDocumentation Comp 19XX Micha der Prophet auss rechter Hebraischen sprach verteutsch und wie den H D auf diese letste Zeit verglichen hat Strassburg c 1535 References edit a b Deck Hans 1991 The Spiritual Legacy of Hans Denck Interpretation and Translation of Key Texts Including the German text as established by Georg Baring and Walter Fellmann Clarence Bauman Leiden ISBN 978 90 04 47693 6 OCLC 1294375260 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Gilman D C Peck H T Colby F M eds 1905 Denk Hans New International Encyclopedia 1st ed New York Dodd Mead a b Hans Denck German religious leader Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 04 10 Denck Hans 1526 Was geredet sei das die Schrift sagt Schriften II 22 ss Neff Christian and Walter Fellmann Denck Hans ca 1500 1527 Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online 1956 Web 3 Mar 2017 Reformers in the wings from Geiler von Kaysersberg to Theodore Beza By David Curtis Steinmetz p151 Ludlow M 2004Further reading editAnabapist history edit Georg Baring ed Schriften Hans Denck Teil 1 Bibliographie Gutersloh Bertelsmann 1955 Walter Fellmann ed Schriften Hans Denck Teil 2 Religiose Schriften Gutersloh Bertelsman 1956 Walter Fellmann ed Schriften Hans Denck Teil 3 Exegetische Schriften Gedichte und Briefe Gutersloh Mohn 1960 Denck material edit Ludwig Keller Ein Apostel der Wiedertaeufer Leipzig Hirzel 1882 Gerhard Haake Hans Denk ein Vorlaufer der neueren Theologie 1495 1527 Soltau Norden 1897 Hans Pohlmann Die Reformation das Volk und die Schwarmgeister in Nurnberg Hans Sachs Hans Denk Sebastian Franck Nurnberg Selbstverlag der Vereinigung ev Akademiker in Nurnberg Kommissionsverlag der Frankischen Wacht 1925 Serie Die Reformation in Nurnberg Vier Vortrage gehalten in der Vereinigung evangelischer Akademiker in Nurnberg S 50 64 Otto Erich Vittali Die Theologie des Wiedertaufers Hans Denck Offenburg 1932 Dissertation Freiburg 1930 Georg Baring Bibliographie der Ausgaben der Theologia Deutsch 1516 1961 Ein Beitrag zur Lutherbibliographie mit Faksimileabdruck der Erstausgabe Baden Baden Heitz 1963 Clarence Baumann The spiritual legacy of Hans Denck interpretation and translation of key texts Leiden u a Brill 1991 ISBN 90 04 09291 9 E J Furcha Selected Writings of Hans Denck 1500 1527 Texts and Studies in Religion ISBN 0 88946 833 8 Rufus M Jones Hans Denck and the Inward Word ISBN 1 4253 3586 1 Selected Writings of Hans Denck ISBN 0 915138 15 8External links editDenck Hans ca 1500 1527 in Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online Why Was Hans Denck Thought To Be a Universalist 1 in The Journal of Ecclesiastical History Volume 55 Issue 02 April 2004 pp 257 274 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hans Denck amp oldid 1179594164, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
