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Wikipedia

CityCenter

December 15, 2023

This article is about the Las Vegas urban development. For the Houston development, see CityCentre. For other uses, see City Center (disambiguation).

Aria Campus, commonly known by its former name CityCenter, is a mixed-use, urban complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is located on 67 acres (27 ha) and contains a total of 18-million sq ft (1,700,000 m2). The complex includes Aria Resort and Casino, the Vdara condo-hotel, the Waldorf Astoria Las Vegas hotel and condominiums, the Veer Towers condominiums, and a mall known as The Shops at Crystals. Another hotel and condo project, The Harmon, never opened due to construction defects; the site was redeveloped as another shopping mall, known as 63.

CityCenter
Former CityCenter logo, 2010
CityCenter complex in 2015, seen from the roof terrace of Marriott's Grand Chateau. From left to right: Waldorf Astoria, Crystals, Aria, Veer Towers, and Vdara.
Project
Opening dateDecember 2, 2009; 14 years ago (December 2, 2009)
DeveloperMGM Resorts International and Dubai World
Architect
Various
OperatorMGM Resorts International (Aria and Vdara)
OwnerThe Blackstone Group (Aria and Vdara)
Invesco and Simon Property Group (Crystals)
Tiffany Lam and Andrew and Peggy Cherng (Waldorf Astoria)
Brett Torino and Flag Luxury Group (63)
Websitearia.mgmresorts.com
Physical features
Major buildingsAria, Crystals, The Harmon, Waldorf Astoria, Vdara, Veer Towers, 63
TransportAria Express (tram)
Location
Coordinates: 36°06′28″N 115°10′33″W / 36.107725°N 115.17574°W / 36.107725; -115.17574
LocationLas Vegas Strip
AddressSouth Las Vegas Boulevard[a]
Paradise, Nevada, United States

CityCenter was developed by MGM Mirage and Dubai World. The project was conceived by MGM president and chief financial officer Jim Murren, who envisioned an urban district for Las Vegas, similar to Greenwich Village or Haight-Ashbury. MGM announced CityCenter on November 9, 2004. Ehrenkrantz Eckstut & Kuhn Architects spent 20 months working with MGM on the master plan. Numerous architects, assembled by Gensler, were hired to work on individual components of CityCenter. The project received LEED Gold certifications for its environmentally friendly designs.

Construction of CityCenter began on June 25, 2006, with Perini Building Company as general contractor. A year later, Dubai World joined MGM as a partner on the project. Six workers died during construction, eventually prompting others to walk off the job in June 2008. Construction resumed the next day, after Perini agreed to improved safety demands. Dubai World later threatened to withhold further financing due to cost overruns, before reaching an agreement with MGM. CityCenter was completed at a cost of $8.5 billion, making it the most expensive privately funded construction project in U.S. history.

Vdara was the first property to open at CityCenter, debuting on December 2, 2009. Other properties opened later that month, while Veer Towers was completed in 2010. Aria is considered the central feature of CityCenter, and it includes the only casino at the complex. By 2019, CityCenter had been renamed Aria Campus.

MGM has sold off several of its CityCenter properties, including Crystals in 2016, the Mandarin Oriental hotel (now Waldorf Astoria) in 2018, and the former Harmon site in 2021. Later that year, MGM bought out Dubai World's ownership stake, gaining full control of Aria and Vdara, its last remaining properties at the complex. Both were sold in 2021, although MGM continues to operate them.

History edit

CityCenter was conceived by Jim Murren, president and chief financial officer of MGM Mirage,[1][2][3] while development was overseen by MGM executive Bobby Baldwin.[4][5] MGM had considered several different themed hotels for the site in the early 2000s, but none attracted high enthusiasm. The company later sought out a unique project idea for the land, different to anything that had been done before in Las Vegas.[6]

Murren began considering the concept of a mixed-use project in 2003, and presented his idea to MGM's board in March 2004.[6] Kirk Kerkorian, majority shareholder in MGM, was convinced of the project's viability early on. Other board members were intrigued by Murren's proposal, but also skeptical.[2] With CityCenter, Murren sought to create an urban gathering place for Las Vegas.[2][7] The large project would be the first of its kind for the area.[8][9][10] According to Murren, "No one has embarked on a development [of this scale] in this town. It's hard to equate it to anything. We are going to be leaders in the reshaping of the valley into a global market".[11]

MGM announced the project, known then as Project CityCenter, on November 9, 2004. The company had spent eight months working on development plans for the site. The mixed-use project would include a casino resort, three boutique hotels, condominiums, retail space, and restaurants.[8][12] MGM would work with developers and consultants specialized in each of these industries. The company also held discussions with a dozen hotel operators, seeking managers for CityCenter's hotels.[12]

Construction edit

 
Construction of Bellagio's new parking garage, March 2006

CityCenter was built on 67 acres (27 ha) on the Las Vegas Strip,[13] in between MGM's Monte Carlo and Bellagio resorts.[9] The Boardwalk hotel-casino, also owned by MGM, occupied eight acres of the site.[4][6]

Much of the land for CityCenter had previously been occupied by the golf course for the Dunes hotel-casino, which closed in 1993.[14] At the time of CityCenter's announcement, most of the site was now being used as employee parking for the Bellagio. Before construction could begin on CityCenter, a new parking garage had to be constructed for Bellagio employees along Frank Sinatra Drive.[4] Early site work had begun by August 2005, with Perini Building Company as general contractor for the parking garage and CityCenter.[15]

 
 
CityCenter construction during 2007
 
Construction in February 2009

The Boardwalk was closed in January 2006, and imploded four months later to make way for CityCenter.[16][17] Construction of CityCenter began on June 25, 2006, with a concrete pour forming the foundation for the future Aria Resort and Casino.[18][19] The construction site was divided into three blocks, each with their own team of workers. With no on-site storage, the construction schedule and delivery of materials had to be carefully planned.[20]

Six deaths occurred during construction. In February 2007, a 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) steel wall used as a concrete mold fell from a crane, hitting another wall which struck four workers, killing two.[21] In August 2007, a worker died when the counterweight for a construction elevator came down on him as he oiled the machine. Two months later, a worker fell approximately 50 ft (15 m) while working on the Aria tower.[22] In April 2008, a worker fell approximately 20 ft (6 m).[23] The next month, a worker was crushed and killed when caught between the counter-weight system and the track of a crane.[24] The project was nicknamed CityCemetery in response to the deaths.[25][26] Other practices by workers caused concern, with some drinking before work in violation of Perini's company rules.[27]

The deaths at CityCenter – in addition to those at other upcoming Strip resorts – prompted its construction workers to walk off the job at midnight on June 3, 2008, protesting safety conditions and shutting down construction. The Southern Nevada Building and Construction Trades Council demanded that Perini take three steps before work could resume: agree to pay for additional safety training for workers, allow national union researchers to examine root causes of safety problems on the site, and allow union leaders full access to the work site.[28][29] An agreement was reached within a day, putting an end to the walkout.[30][31][32] However, the work stoppage prompted the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to launch an investigation into the project's construction safety on June 9, 2008.[33]

As of August 2008, the project had 7,700 construction workers, operating in shifts on a 24-hour basis.[27] As a result of delays, MGM assigned its executive construction manager, Tishman Construction Corporation, to aid Perini starting in late 2008.[34] At that time, CityCenter had up to 9,500 construction workers at a daily cost of $3.5 million.[35] More than 50 million hours were spent building CityCenter, which had more workers than the construction of Hoover Dam.[20]

Financing edit

CityCenter was initially expected to cost between $3 billion and $4 billion.[11] Part of the project would be financed through condominium presales.[6] By 2006, the project's budget had increased to $7 billion, due to several additions, including a monorail connecting throughout CityCenter. The rising cost of construction materials and labor also contributed to the increased budget.[36][37] In 2007, Dubai World became a joint partner in the project.[38][39] Numerous last-minute design changes took place during construction, continually raising the budget.[40][41] By 2008, the project's cost had increased to more than $8 billion.[42] The budget continued to fluctuate,[43][44] reaching $9.2 billion later that year,[45] before settling at $8.5 billion.[46] It is the most expensive privately funded construction project in U.S. history.[47][48]

In March 2009, Dubai World sued MGM, accusing the latter of mismanaging development at CityCenter, resulting in the cost overruns. The lawsuit placed the project in financial jeopardy, as a $220 million construction payment was due later that month and Dubai World declined to fund it.[49][50][51] MGM covered Dubai World's portion of the payment,[52][53][54] and the two came to an agreement the following month which would ensure the completion of CityCenter.[55][56] MGM had contacted Nevada U.S. senator Harry Reid for help in saving the project. Reid, in turn, contacted bank CEOs and urged them to loan MGM money to continue construction.[57][58]

Opening edit

The first of CityCenter's features, the Vdara condo-hotel, opened to the public on December 2, 2009, following a VIP event the night before.[59][46] A retail mall, Crystals, opened on December 3,[60] and the Mandarin Oriental hotel opened a day later.[61] The openings were part of a three-day celebration marking CityCenter's debut.[62] The project's primary attraction, Aria Resort and Casino, is the only gaming property on-site. It opened on December 16, 2009.[46][63][64] Veer Towers, a condominium property, opened on July 15, 2010.[65]

CityCenter opened amid the Great Recession,[66][67] although Baldwin said the project would succeed despite the economic downturn.[59] Murren expected CityCenter to be profitable within five to ten years, and said the complex would appeal to locals in addition to tourists.[68] Mayor Oscar Goodman believed the project would help bring tourism to downtown Las Vegas.[69] Analysts were mixed as to whether CityCenter would help boost the local economy.[70][71][72] CityCenter sought to fill 12,000 job positions ahead of its opening,[73][74] and more than 100,000 people applied as a result of the recession.[75][76] Approximately half of the work force would consist of transfers from other MGM properties.[77]

The project added around 5,900 hotel rooms at a time when Las Vegas tourism had declined.[78][79] Initial profits were lower than MGM had hoped,[80][81] and fine-tuning took place over the next year in response to customer feedback.[82] In 2010, Aria and Vdara launched national advertising campaigns.[83] CityCenter saw improvement by the end of 2012, in part because of reduced hotel rates.[79][84][85]

Legal problems edit

One hotel and condominium project, The Harmon, was scheduled to open at the end of 2009 with the rest of CityCenter. However, structural defects were discovered the year before,[86][87] leading to litigation with Perini, as well as the project's cancellation and eventual demolition in 2015.[88] Numerous other construction discrepancies were found throughout CityCenter, and MGM said they would be corrected by the time of opening.[89][90]

In March 2010, Perini sued MGM and Dubai World for $492 million in unpaid construction costs, relating primarily to its work on the Harmon.[91][40][92] Perini also filed a mechanic's lien against the project. A coalition – including Perini, subcontractors, and several trade unions – was also formed against MGM.[93] MGM, in part, disputed the case because of defective work on the Harmon. The company also questioned the billing amount and sought a detailed accounting from Perini, seeking to eliminate charges that may have already been paid off.[94]

In May 2010, Perini requested Nevada governor Jim Gibbons to open an investigation into MGM's lack of payment and its financial situation, as the company was struggling amid the recession.[95][96] By that time, various subcontractors had filed more than 430 liens.[97][98][99] MGM began settling with subcontractors later that year.[100][101][102]

Some analysts believed that construction costs and issues would have been managed better if CityCenter had been built in phases. However, Murren said he was against such an idea: "How do you create an environment in phases? What do you do? Create a beautiful casino resort and have signs around the rest of the campus saying, 'Coming Soon'? You just can't do that".[103]

Recent developments edit

In 2016, MGM and Dubai World sold Crystals for $1.1 billion to Invesco and Simon Property Group.[104] Two years later, the Mandarin Oriental hotel was sold for $214 million to hotel investor Tiffany Lam and Panda Express founders Andrew and Peggy Cherng.[105] It was rebranded under the Waldorf Astoria name.[106]

By 2019, CityCenter had been renamed Aria Campus, after the Aria resort.[107] The "Aria" name has also been applied to the Aria Express monorail, formerly "CityCenter Tram".

In 2021, MGM bought out Dubai World's interest for $2.1 billion,[108][109] gaining full ownership of Aria and Vdara, its last remaining properties at CityCenter. MGM then sold the two resorts to The Blackstone Group. The latter leased the resorts back to MGM, which continues managing the resorts.[110][111][112]

MGM also sold the Harmon site in 2021, to developers Brett Torino and Flag Luxury Group. A four-story shopping mall, 63, opened on the site in 2023.[113][114][115]

Design edit

 
Early design model of CityCenter, September 2005

CityCenter's master plan was designed by Ehrenkrantz Eckstut & Kuhn Architects,[8][116] which spent 20 months working on the project.[4] Unlike recent Las Vegas resorts which featured a theme,[117] CityCenter was designed as a modern urban district, similar to Greenwich Village or Haight-Ashbury. Speaking about CityCenter in 2004, Murren said, "I think the era of themes have come and gone in Las Vegas. I think the word is 'feel.' It will have an urban feel that is contemporary, modern and forward-looking". The project was described as "a city within a city".[11] According to Murren, "The great thing about a city is its diversity. It is vibrant and dynamic and has people of different backgrounds. Real cities have many different environments, like Manhattan. That's what I loved about the idea. We're not creating a fake city but a real one".[11] Baldwin said, "We don't want to build things consumers want now. We want to build what they will want 10, 15, 50 years from now".[4]

Gensler served as the executive architect,[4] assembling a group of prominent designers who would work on individual components of CityCenter.[118] Around 100 prospective architects were considered for the project, and this list was gradually narrowed down.[2] The initial team of designers was announced in 2005,[119][120] [121] and others followed in 2006.[122] Each of the architects were given a wide range of creative freedom, although their projects had to complement each other rather than outdo one another.[123] A 100-unit residential tower with a twisting shape, designed by James K. M. Cheng,[4][124] was removed during the design phase for more open space.[5] An office building was also scrapped.[6]

 
CityCenter at night

A defining feature of CityCenter is the use of glass paneling on each of its towers.[125] The Cosmopolitan resort, located directly north,[126] is sometimes mistaken as part of CityCenter due to its similar design.[82] Visitors have also had difficulty distinguishing CityCenter's towers due to their shared design of glass paneling.[127] The exterior also includes 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m2) of stone from a quarry in nearby Jean, Nevada.[128]

CityCenter received mixed reviews when it opened.[129][130] Architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne opined that CityCenter's designers coated it with "a high-gloss, homogenous and faintly corporate sheen", stating that it is "wrapped in a series of shimmering mirrored-glass packages, making the place from certain angles look like a slightly less buttoned-up version" of Time Warner Center in Manhattan.[118] Paul Goldberger, architecture critic for The New Yorker, questioned MGM's goal in building CityCenter as a counterpoint to recent themed resorts, writing that "the underlying risk of the CityCenter project is that good buildings next to outlandish ones will look quiet and bland. Caesars Palace and its progeny are crass but iconic. The CityCenter buildings are sophisticated, but you wonder, finally, if they are all that memorable".[131] Brock Radke of Las Vegas Weekly called the design "too subtle" for the Strip: "Its design demands that you seek it out, where other resorts leap unabashedly into the Vegas spotlight whenever possible".[81]

 
Roadway leading into CityCenter from the Strip

CityCenter's main entrance along the Strip consists of a multi-lane roadway, while pedestrians enter along narrow walkways and overhead bridges. Architects were critical of the entry design, viewing it as bland and unattractive, while many pedestrians chose to pass by CityCenter as a result. Architect Alan Hess said, "The entrance has all the pleasantness of an airport terminal. There's a lot of concrete and ramps and other things that turn pedestrians off, and a sense of being channeled into an entryway". Las Vegas architect Joel Bergman called the entrance "cold" and "uninviting".[132] Goldberger wrote that CityCenter "is laid out not for pedestrians but as a machine for moving vast numbers of cars efficiently. There are wide ramps coming off the Las Vegas Strip, auto turnarounds, and porte cochères—all good for traffic flow but hardly what you would call urban open space. [...] there is no pleasant place to walk, except inside the buildings".[131] A year after CityCenter's opening, MGM added landscaping to the entry area and signs to help guide pedestrians onto the property.[82][132]

Environmental efforts edit

CityCenter was expected to be the state's top energy user.[133] From its earliest planning stages, the project was intended to be environmentally friendly.[134][135][136] Much of the debris from the imploded Boardwalk hotel was recycled as building material for CityCenter,[137][138] including its foundation.[128] All of CityCenter's original buildings, with the exception of the Harmon, received LEED Gold certification from the U.S. Green Building Council in 2009.[139] Forest Stewardship Council also named it the best commercial project of the year in its designing and building awards.[135][136]

Among CityCenter's environmental features is an 8.5-megawatt natural gas cogeneration plant. It is located on-site and provides partial electricity to CityCenter.[140][141] The complex also opened with a 26-limo fleet, serving Aria and Vdara, that ran on compressed natural gas.[128][142]

Features edit

CityCenter contains approximately 18-million sq ft (1,700,000 m2) of space across 67 acres (27 ha).[13][103] It includes approximately 6,800 rooms and condominiums.[46]

  indicates a structure that was demolished.

Name Image Floors Hotel rooms Condos Architect LEED certification Notes
Aria   50[b] 4,004[145] 0 Pelli Clark Pelli[146] Gold[135][147] The Aria Resort & Casino is CityCenter's central feature. It includes the only casino at CityCenter, with 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m2) of gaming space.[64]
Crystals   3[148] 0 0 Studio Daniel Libeskind and Rockwell Group[149] Gold[135][147] Crystals is CityCenter's 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) retail and entertainment district.[150]
The Harmon   28[151] 400[152] 207[152] Foster and Partners[153] N/A The Harmon was originally planned as a 49-story hotel and condominium tower,[151] and was scheduled to open in late 2009 with the rest of CityCenter.[152] However, structural defects were discovered in 2008, prompting MGM to cancel the condominium aspect and top the building off at 28 stories.[86] MGM rescheduled the opening for late 2010,[86] but later chose to demolish the building due to the defects. Demolition took place from 2014 to 2015, following years of litigation with Perini.[88]
Waldorf Astoria   47[154] 389[155] 225[155] Kohn Pedersen Fox[156] Gold[135][147] Originally opened as a Mandarin Oriental hotel, it was sold in 2018 and became part of the Waldorf Astoria chain.[157] It occupies the former site of the Boardwalk hotel-casino.[158]
Vdara   57[59] 1,495[59] 0 Rafael Viñoly[159] Gold[135][147] Vdara is a hotel-condo tower.[59]
Veer Towers   37[160] 0 670[161] Helmut Jahn[160] Gold[135][147] Veer Towers consists of twin condominium towers that lean in opposite directions at a five-degree angle.[65] It is the only component of CityCenter that is dedicated solely to residential space.[161]
63   4 0 0 N/A N/A A shopping complex with 228,278 sq ft (21,207.7 m2), built on the former Harmon site and opened in 2023.[115][162]

Condominiums edit

CityCenter includes 2,440 condominiums,[163][164] which were included to take advantage of a condominium boom in Las Vegas.[36][165] Initial plans called for CityCenter to include 1,650 condo units. By 2006, this had been increased to nearly 2,800 units, following MGM's market research indicating strong demand.[166] MGM formed CityCenter Realty Corporation to oversee condominium sales,[167][168] and opened a residential sales pavilion in January 2007, featuring model units. The temporary structure cost $24 million. Preview galleries were also opened at MGM's Bellagio and Mirage resorts.[169][170]

CityCenter would include condo hotel units, giving owners the option to rent them out. Murren believed that the project's residential element would appeal to baby boomers.[1] Gaming analysts expressed skepticism about the success of CityCenter's condominiums, citing the large number of residential units already planned for the Strip.[171] By 2007, many condo projects in Las Vegas had been canceled as the boom came to an end. As a result, MGM installed a live webcam overlooking the CityCenter construction site, hoping to convince perspective buyers of the project's viability. Initial condo sales at CityCenter showed a high level of interest among buyers.[117]

In 2008, amid the Great Recession, MGM opened a sales office in Dubai to attract international buyers.[172][173] MGM initially declined buyer requests to lower condo prices in 2009, noting unpredictable economic conditions.[174] Later that year, MGM partnered with PennyMac Financial Services to create a financing program for buyers, helping them close escrow on their units.[175][176][177] More than 500 buyers signed up for the program.[178] MGM also agreed to lower condo prices by 30 percent. In addition, buyers at Vdara were offered cheaper units at Veer Towers instead.[179][180]

Condo prices at CityCenter ranged from $500,000 to $9 million.[13] Sales began closing escrow in January 2010,[178] although initial closings were low.[181] Within three months, only 25 unit sales had been finalized out of 2,400.[182] Sales picked up later in the year, beating expectations despite the poor economic conditions.[183]

Other features edit

 
A fountain by WET, located in the traffic circle at Aria's main entrance
 
An art installation by Nancy Rubins – made up of various boats – located along the traffic circle outside Vdara's entrance[13][184]

CityCenter features numerous restaurants, many overseen by celebrity chefs.[185][186][187] The complex also features five water attractions, designed by WET and located at Aria and Crystals.[188]

CityCenter opened with more than 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m2) of convention and meeting space, much of it located at Aria.[189] CityCenter's only performance theater, located at Aria, closed in 2016 for a 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) expansion of the resort's convention center.[190][191] Vdara and Waldorf Astoria also include meeting space.[189] The complex was technologically advanced upon its opening, featuring 100,000 automated devices throughout the property, some of which would be used to control various room features such as lighting.[128]

Various public art installations, valued at approximately $40 million, are featured throughout CityCenter,[192][193][194] in an effort to attract art tourists.[195] Known as the Aria Fine Art Collection,[196][c] it includes work from more than a dozen artists,[198] including Tony Cragg, Claes Oldenburg,[195] and Richard Long.[199]

 
Station 32

As part of CityCenter, MGM agreed with the county to finance various infrastructure improvements outside of the project's property line. This would include road improvements to handle an increase in traffic coming to CityCenter once it opens. MGM would also build and finance an on-site fire station for the Clark County Fire Department.[200] Station 32, a $28 million facility, opened next to Vdara on December 10, 2009.[201][202] As of 2013, it was the busiest fire station in Las Vegas, handling many emergencies along the Strip.[202]

Several measures were taken by MGM and the county to reduce traffic,[203] including the construction of roundabouts in front of Aria and Vdara that connect to other CityCenter properties.[204][205] A monorail, the Aria Express, also travels around CityCenter with stops at Bellagio and Park MGM (formerly Monte Carlo).[206]

See also edit

  • Echelon Place, a canceled mixed-use complex planned for the Strip

Notes edit

  1. ^ Most of CityCenter's properties have Las Vegas Boulevard addresses, while Vdara is located on nearby Harmon Avenue.
  2. ^ Due to gambler superstitions, floors 13 and 40-49 are skipped, with the top floor labeled as "61".[143][144]
  3. ^ Previously the CityCenter Fine Art Collection.[197]

References edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Project CityCenter (Las Vegas).
  • Official CityCenter website

December 15, 2023
citycenter, this, article, about, vegas, urban, development, houston, development, citycentre, other, uses, city, center, disambiguation, aria, campus, commonly, known, former, name, mixed, urban, complex, vegas, strip, paradise, nevada, located, acres, contai. This article is about the Las Vegas urban development For the Houston development see CityCentre For other uses see City Center disambiguation Aria Campus commonly known by its former name CityCenter is a mixed use urban complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada It is located on 67 acres 27 ha and contains a total of 18 million sq ft 1 700 000 m2 The complex includes Aria Resort and Casino the Vdara condo hotel the Waldorf Astoria Las Vegas hotel and condominiums the Veer Towers condominiums and a mall known as The Shops at Crystals Another hotel and condo project The Harmon never opened due to construction defects the site was redeveloped as another shopping mall known as 63 CityCenterFormer CityCenter logo 2010CityCenter complex in 2015 seen from the roof terrace of Marriott s Grand Chateau From left to right Waldorf Astoria Crystals Aria Veer Towers and Vdara ProjectOpening dateDecember 2 2009 14 years ago December 2 2009 DeveloperMGM Resorts International and Dubai WorldArchitectVarious Ehrenkrantz Eckstut amp Kuhn master plan Gensler executive architect Foster and Partners The Harmon Helmut Jahn Veer Towers Kohn Pedersen Fox Mandarin Oriental Pelli Clark Pelli Aria Daniel Libeskind and David Rockwell Crystals Rafael Vinoly Vdara OperatorMGM Resorts International Aria and Vdara OwnerThe Blackstone Group Aria and Vdara Invesco and Simon Property Group Crystals Tiffany Lam and Andrew and Peggy Cherng Waldorf Astoria Brett Torino and Flag Luxury Group 63 Websitearia mgmresorts comPhysical featuresMajor buildingsAria Crystals The Harmon Waldorf Astoria Vdara Veer Towers 63TransportAria Express tram LocationShow map of Las Vegas StripShow map of NevadaShow map of the United StatesCoordinates 36 06 28 N 115 10 33 W 36 107725 N 115 17574 W 36 107725 115 17574LocationLas Vegas StripAddressSouth Las Vegas Boulevard a Paradise Nevada United StatesCityCenter was developed by MGM Mirage and Dubai World The project was conceived by MGM president and chief financial officer Jim Murren who envisioned an urban district for Las Vegas similar to Greenwich Village or Haight Ashbury MGM announced CityCenter on November 9 2004 Ehrenkrantz Eckstut amp Kuhn Architects spent 20 months working with MGM on the master plan Numerous architects assembled by Gensler were hired to work on individual components of CityCenter The project received LEED Gold certifications for its environmentally friendly designs Construction of CityCenter began on June 25 2006 with Perini Building Company as general contractor A year later Dubai World joined MGM as a partner on the project Six workers died during construction eventually prompting others to walk off the job in June 2008 Construction resumed the next day after Perini agreed to improved safety demands Dubai World later threatened to withhold further financing due to cost overruns before reaching an agreement with MGM CityCenter was completed at a cost of 8 5 billion making it the most expensive privately funded construction project in U S history Vdara was the first property to open at CityCenter debuting on December 2 2009 Other properties opened later that month while Veer Towers was completed in 2010 Aria is considered the central feature of CityCenter and it includes the only casino at the complex By 2019 CityCenter had been renamed Aria Campus MGM has sold off several of its CityCenter properties including Crystals in 2016 the Mandarin Oriental hotel now Waldorf Astoria in 2018 and the former Harmon site in 2021 Later that year MGM bought out Dubai World s ownership stake gaining full control of Aria and Vdara its last remaining properties at the complex Both were sold in 2021 although MGM continues to operate them Contents 1 History 1 1 Construction 1 2 Financing 1 3 Opening 1 4 Legal problems 1 5 Recent developments 2 Design 3 Environmental efforts 4 Features 4 1 Condominiums 4 2 Other features 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksHistory editCityCenter was conceived by Jim Murren president and chief financial officer of MGM Mirage 1 2 3 while development was overseen by MGM executive Bobby Baldwin 4 5 MGM had considered several different themed hotels for the site in the early 2000s but none attracted high enthusiasm The company later sought out a unique project idea for the land different to anything that had been done before in Las Vegas 6 Murren began considering the concept of a mixed use project in 2003 and presented his idea to MGM s board in March 2004 6 Kirk Kerkorian majority shareholder in MGM was convinced of the project s viability early on Other board members were intrigued by Murren s proposal but also skeptical 2 With CityCenter Murren sought to create an urban gathering place for Las Vegas 2 7 The large project would be the first of its kind for the area 8 9 10 According to Murren No one has embarked on a development of this scale in this town It s hard to equate it to anything We are going to be leaders in the reshaping of the valley into a global market 11 MGM announced the project known then as Project CityCenter on November 9 2004 The company had spent eight months working on development plans for the site The mixed use project would include a casino resort three boutique hotels condominiums retail space and restaurants 8 12 MGM would work with developers and consultants specialized in each of these industries The company also held discussions with a dozen hotel operators seeking managers for CityCenter s hotels 12 Construction edit nbsp Construction of Bellagio s new parking garage March 2006CityCenter was built on 67 acres 27 ha on the Las Vegas Strip 13 in between MGM s Monte Carlo and Bellagio resorts 9 The Boardwalk hotel casino also owned by MGM occupied eight acres of the site 4 6 Much of the land for CityCenter had previously been occupied by the golf course for the Dunes hotel casino which closed in 1993 14 At the time of CityCenter s announcement most of the site was now being used as employee parking for the Bellagio Before construction could begin on CityCenter a new parking garage had to be constructed for Bellagio employees along Frank Sinatra Drive 4 Early site work had begun by August 2005 with Perini Building Company as general contractor for the parking garage and CityCenter 15 nbsp nbsp CityCenter construction during 2007 nbsp Construction in February 2009 The Boardwalk was closed in January 2006 and imploded four months later to make way for CityCenter 16 17 Construction of CityCenter began on June 25 2006 with a concrete pour forming the foundation for the future Aria Resort and Casino 18 19 The construction site was divided into three blocks each with their own team of workers With no on site storage the construction schedule and delivery of materials had to be carefully planned 20 Six deaths occurred during construction In February 2007 a 3 000 lb 1 400 kg steel wall used as a concrete mold fell from a crane hitting another wall which struck four workers killing two 21 In August 2007 a worker died when the counterweight for a construction elevator came down on him as he oiled the machine Two months later a worker fell approximately 50 ft 15 m while working on the Aria tower 22 In April 2008 a worker fell approximately 20 ft 6 m 23 The next month a worker was crushed and killed when caught between the counter weight system and the track of a crane 24 The project was nicknamed CityCemetery in response to the deaths 25 26 Other practices by workers caused concern with some drinking before work in violation of Perini s company rules 27 The deaths at CityCenter in addition to those at other upcoming Strip resorts prompted its construction workers to walk off the job at midnight on June 3 2008 protesting safety conditions and shutting down construction The Southern Nevada Building and Construction Trades Council demanded that Perini take three steps before work could resume agree to pay for additional safety training for workers allow national union researchers to examine root causes of safety problems on the site and allow union leaders full access to the work site 28 29 An agreement was reached within a day putting an end to the walkout 30 31 32 However the work stoppage prompted the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to launch an investigation into the project s construction safety on June 9 2008 33 As of August 2008 the project had 7 700 construction workers operating in shifts on a 24 hour basis 27 As a result of delays MGM assigned its executive construction manager Tishman Construction Corporation to aid Perini starting in late 2008 34 At that time CityCenter had up to 9 500 construction workers at a daily cost of 3 5 million 35 More than 50 million hours were spent building CityCenter which had more workers than the construction of Hoover Dam 20 Financing edit CityCenter was initially expected to cost between 3 billion and 4 billion 11 Part of the project would be financed through condominium presales 6 By 2006 the project s budget had increased to 7 billion due to several additions including a monorail connecting throughout CityCenter The rising cost of construction materials and labor also contributed to the increased budget 36 37 In 2007 Dubai World became a joint partner in the project 38 39 Numerous last minute design changes took place during construction continually raising the budget 40 41 By 2008 the project s cost had increased to more than 8 billion 42 The budget continued to fluctuate 43 44 reaching 9 2 billion later that year 45 before settling at 8 5 billion 46 It is the most expensive privately funded construction project in U S history 47 48 In March 2009 Dubai World sued MGM accusing the latter of mismanaging development at CityCenter resulting in the cost overruns The lawsuit placed the project in financial jeopardy as a 220 million construction payment was due later that month and Dubai World declined to fund it 49 50 51 MGM covered Dubai World s portion of the payment 52 53 54 and the two came to an agreement the following month which would ensure the completion of CityCenter 55 56 MGM had contacted Nevada U S senator Harry Reid for help in saving the project Reid in turn contacted bank CEOs and urged them to loan MGM money to continue construction 57 58 Opening edit The first of CityCenter s features the Vdara condo hotel opened to the public on December 2 2009 following a VIP event the night before 59 46 A retail mall Crystals opened on December 3 60 and the Mandarin Oriental hotel opened a day later 61 The openings were part of a three day celebration marking CityCenter s debut 62 The project s primary attraction Aria Resort and Casino is the only gaming property on site It opened on December 16 2009 46 63 64 Veer Towers a condominium property opened on July 15 2010 65 CityCenter opened amid the Great Recession 66 67 although Baldwin said the project would succeed despite the economic downturn 59 Murren expected CityCenter to be profitable within five to ten years and said the complex would appeal to locals in addition to tourists 68 Mayor Oscar Goodman believed the project would help bring tourism to downtown Las Vegas 69 Analysts were mixed as to whether CityCenter would help boost the local economy 70 71 72 CityCenter sought to fill 12 000 job positions ahead of its opening 73 74 and more than 100 000 people applied as a result of the recession 75 76 Approximately half of the work force would consist of transfers from other MGM properties 77 The project added around 5 900 hotel rooms at a time when Las Vegas tourism had declined 78 79 Initial profits were lower than MGM had hoped 80 81 and fine tuning took place over the next year in response to customer feedback 82 In 2010 Aria and Vdara launched national advertising campaigns 83 CityCenter saw improvement by the end of 2012 in part because of reduced hotel rates 79 84 85 Legal problems edit One hotel and condominium project The Harmon was scheduled to open at the end of 2009 with the rest of CityCenter However structural defects were discovered the year before 86 87 leading to litigation with Perini as well as the project s cancellation and eventual demolition in 2015 88 Numerous other construction discrepancies were found throughout CityCenter and MGM said they would be corrected by the time of opening 89 90 In March 2010 Perini sued MGM and Dubai World for 492 million in unpaid construction costs relating primarily to its work on the Harmon 91 40 92 Perini also filed a mechanic s lien against the project A coalition including Perini subcontractors and several trade unions was also formed against MGM 93 MGM in part disputed the case because of defective work on the Harmon The company also questioned the billing amount and sought a detailed accounting from Perini seeking to eliminate charges that may have already been paid off 94 In May 2010 Perini requested Nevada governor Jim Gibbons to open an investigation into MGM s lack of payment and its financial situation as the company was struggling amid the recession 95 96 By that time various subcontractors had filed more than 430 liens 97 98 99 MGM began settling with subcontractors later that year 100 101 102 Some analysts believed that construction costs and issues would have been managed better if CityCenter had been built in phases However Murren said he was against such an idea How do you create an environment in phases What do you do Create a beautiful casino resort and have signs around the rest of the campus saying Coming Soon You just can t do that 103 Recent developments edit In 2016 MGM and Dubai World sold Crystals for 1 1 billion to Invesco and Simon Property Group 104 Two years later the Mandarin Oriental hotel was sold for 214 million to hotel investor Tiffany Lam and Panda Express founders Andrew and Peggy Cherng 105 It was rebranded under the Waldorf Astoria name 106 By 2019 CityCenter had been renamed Aria Campus after the Aria resort 107 The Aria name has also been applied to the Aria Express monorail formerly CityCenter Tram In 2021 MGM bought out Dubai World s interest for 2 1 billion 108 109 gaining full ownership of Aria and Vdara its last remaining properties at CityCenter MGM then sold the two resorts to The Blackstone Group The latter leased the resorts back to MGM which continues managing the resorts 110 111 112 MGM also sold the Harmon site in 2021 to developers Brett Torino and Flag Luxury Group A four story shopping mall 63 opened on the site in 2023 113 114 115 Design edit nbsp Early design model of CityCenter September 2005CityCenter s master plan was designed by Ehrenkrantz Eckstut amp Kuhn Architects 8 116 which spent 20 months working on the project 4 Unlike recent Las Vegas resorts which featured a theme 117 CityCenter was designed as a modern urban district similar to Greenwich Village or Haight Ashbury Speaking about CityCenter in 2004 Murren said I think the era of themes have come and gone in Las Vegas I think the word is feel It will have an urban feel that is contemporary modern and forward looking The project was described as a city within a city 11 According to Murren The great thing about a city is its diversity It is vibrant and dynamic and has people of different backgrounds Real cities have many different environments like Manhattan That s what I loved about the idea We re not creating a fake city but a real one 11 Baldwin said We don t want to build things consumers want now We want to build what they will want 10 15 50 years from now 4 Gensler served as the executive architect 4 assembling a group of prominent designers who would work on individual components of CityCenter 118 Around 100 prospective architects were considered for the project and this list was gradually narrowed down 2 The initial team of designers was announced in 2005 119 120 121 and others followed in 2006 122 Each of the architects were given a wide range of creative freedom although their projects had to complement each other rather than outdo one another 123 A 100 unit residential tower with a twisting shape designed by James K M Cheng 4 124 was removed during the design phase for more open space 5 An office building was also scrapped 6 nbsp CityCenter at nightA defining feature of CityCenter is the use of glass paneling on each of its towers 125 The Cosmopolitan resort located directly north 126 is sometimes mistaken as part of CityCenter due to its similar design 82 Visitors have also had difficulty distinguishing CityCenter s towers due to their shared design of glass paneling 127 The exterior also includes 80 000 sq ft 7 400 m2 of stone from a quarry in nearby Jean Nevada 128 CityCenter received mixed reviews when it opened 129 130 Architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne opined that CityCenter s designers coated it with a high gloss homogenous and faintly corporate sheen stating that it is wrapped in a series of shimmering mirrored glass packages making the place from certain angles look like a slightly less buttoned up version of Time Warner Center in Manhattan 118 Paul Goldberger architecture critic for The New Yorker questioned MGM s goal in building CityCenter as a counterpoint to recent themed resorts writing that the underlying risk of the CityCenter project is that good buildings next to outlandish ones will look quiet and bland Caesars Palace and its progeny are crass but iconic The CityCenter buildings are sophisticated but you wonder finally if they are all that memorable 131 Brock Radke of Las Vegas Weekly called the design too subtle for the Strip Its design demands that you seek it out where other resorts leap unabashedly into the Vegas spotlight whenever possible 81 nbsp Roadway leading into CityCenter from the StripCityCenter s main entrance along the Strip consists of a multi lane roadway while pedestrians enter along narrow walkways and overhead bridges Architects were critical of the entry design viewing it as bland and unattractive while many pedestrians chose to pass by CityCenter as a result Architect Alan Hess said The entrance has all the pleasantness of an airport terminal There s a lot of concrete and ramps and other things that turn pedestrians off and a sense of being channeled into an entryway Las Vegas architect Joel Bergman called the entrance cold and uninviting 132 Goldberger wrote that CityCenter is laid out not for pedestrians but as a machine for moving vast numbers of cars efficiently There are wide ramps coming off the Las Vegas Strip auto turnarounds and porte cocheres all good for traffic flow but hardly what you would call urban open space there is no pleasant place to walk except inside the buildings 131 A year after CityCenter s opening MGM added landscaping to the entry area and signs to help guide pedestrians onto the property 82 132 Environmental efforts editCityCenter was expected to be the state s top energy user 133 From its earliest planning stages the project was intended to be environmentally friendly 134 135 136 Much of the debris from the imploded Boardwalk hotel was recycled as building material for CityCenter 137 138 including its foundation 128 All of CityCenter s original buildings with the exception of the Harmon received LEED Gold certification from the U S Green Building Council in 2009 139 Forest Stewardship Council also named it the best commercial project of the year in its designing and building awards 135 136 Among CityCenter s environmental features is an 8 5 megawatt natural gas cogeneration plant It is located on site and provides partial electricity to CityCenter 140 141 The complex also opened with a 26 limo fleet serving Aria and Vdara that ran on compressed natural gas 128 142 Features editCityCenter contains approximately 18 million sq ft 1 700 000 m2 of space across 67 acres 27 ha 13 103 It includes approximately 6 800 rooms and condominiums 46 indicates a structure that was demolished Name Image Floors Hotel rooms Condos Architect LEED certification NotesAria nbsp 50 b 4 004 145 0 Pelli Clark Pelli 146 Gold 135 147 The Aria Resort amp Casino is CityCenter s central feature It includes the only casino at CityCenter with 150 000 sq ft 14 000 m2 of gaming space 64 Crystals nbsp 3 148 0 0 Studio Daniel Libeskind and Rockwell Group 149 Gold 135 147 Crystals is CityCenter s 500 000 sq ft 46 000 m2 retail and entertainment district 150 The Harmon nbsp 28 151 400 152 207 152 Foster and Partners 153 N A The Harmon was originally planned as a 49 story hotel and condominium tower 151 and was scheduled to open in late 2009 with the rest of CityCenter 152 However structural defects were discovered in 2008 prompting MGM to cancel the condominium aspect and top the building off at 28 stories 86 MGM rescheduled the opening for late 2010 86 but later chose to demolish the building due to the defects Demolition took place from 2014 to 2015 following years of litigation with Perini 88 Waldorf Astoria nbsp 47 154 389 155 225 155 Kohn Pedersen Fox 156 Gold 135 147 Originally opened as a Mandarin Oriental hotel it was sold in 2018 and became part of the Waldorf Astoria chain 157 It occupies the former site of the Boardwalk hotel casino 158 Vdara nbsp 57 59 1 495 59 0 Rafael Vinoly 159 Gold 135 147 Vdara is a hotel condo tower 59 Veer Towers nbsp 37 160 0 670 161 Helmut Jahn 160 Gold 135 147 Veer Towers consists of twin condominium towers that lean in opposite directions at a five degree angle 65 It is the only component of CityCenter that is dedicated solely to residential space 161 63 nbsp 4 0 0 N A N A A shopping complex with 228 278 sq ft 21 207 7 m2 built on the former Harmon site and opened in 2023 115 162 Condominiums edit CityCenter includes 2 440 condominiums 163 164 which were included to take advantage of a condominium boom in Las Vegas 36 165 Initial plans called for CityCenter to include 1 650 condo units By 2006 this had been increased to nearly 2 800 units following MGM s market research indicating strong demand 166 MGM formed CityCenter Realty Corporation to oversee condominium sales 167 168 and opened a residential sales pavilion in January 2007 featuring model units The temporary structure cost 24 million Preview galleries were also opened at MGM s Bellagio and Mirage resorts 169 170 CityCenter would include condo hotel units giving owners the option to rent them out Murren believed that the project s residential element would appeal to baby boomers 1 Gaming analysts expressed skepticism about the success of CityCenter s condominiums citing the large number of residential units already planned for the Strip 171 By 2007 many condo projects in Las Vegas had been canceled as the boom came to an end As a result MGM installed a live webcam overlooking the CityCenter construction site hoping to convince perspective buyers of the project s viability Initial condo sales at CityCenter showed a high level of interest among buyers 117 In 2008 amid the Great Recession MGM opened a sales office in Dubai to attract international buyers 172 173 MGM initially declined buyer requests to lower condo prices in 2009 noting unpredictable economic conditions 174 Later that year MGM partnered with PennyMac Financial Services to create a financing program for buyers helping them close escrow on their units 175 176 177 More than 500 buyers signed up for the program 178 MGM also agreed to lower condo prices by 30 percent In addition buyers at Vdara were offered cheaper units at Veer Towers instead 179 180 Condo prices at CityCenter ranged from 500 000 to 9 million 13 Sales began closing escrow in January 2010 178 although initial closings were low 181 Within three months only 25 unit sales had been finalized out of 2 400 182 Sales picked up later in the year beating expectations despite the poor economic conditions 183 Other features edit nbsp A fountain by WET located in the traffic circle at Aria s main entrance nbsp An art installation by Nancy Rubins made up of various boats located along the traffic circle outside Vdara s entrance 13 184 CityCenter features numerous restaurants many overseen by celebrity chefs 185 186 187 The complex also features five water attractions designed by WET and located at Aria and Crystals 188 CityCenter opened with more than 300 000 sq ft 28 000 m2 of convention and meeting space much of it located at Aria 189 CityCenter s only performance theater located at Aria closed in 2016 for a 200 000 sq ft 19 000 m2 expansion of the resort s convention center 190 191 Vdara and Waldorf Astoria also include meeting space 189 The complex was technologically advanced upon its opening featuring 100 000 automated devices throughout the property some of which would be used to control various room features such as lighting 128 Various public art installations valued at approximately 40 million are featured throughout CityCenter 192 193 194 in an effort to attract art tourists 195 Known as the Aria Fine Art Collection 196 c it includes work from more than a dozen artists 198 including Tony Cragg Claes Oldenburg 195 and Richard Long 199 nbsp Station 32As part of CityCenter MGM agreed with the county to finance various infrastructure improvements outside of the project s property line This would include road improvements to handle an increase in traffic coming to CityCenter once it opens MGM would also build and finance an on site fire station for the Clark County Fire Department 200 Station 32 a 28 million facility opened next to Vdara on December 10 2009 201 202 As of 2013 it was the busiest fire station in Las Vegas handling many emergencies along the Strip 202 Several measures were taken by MGM and the county to reduce traffic 203 including the construction of roundabouts in front of Aria and Vdara that connect to other CityCenter properties 204 205 A monorail the Aria Express also travels around CityCenter with stops at Bellagio and Park MGM formerly Monte Carlo 206 See also editEchelon Place a canceled mixed use complex planned for the StripNotes edit Most of CityCenter s properties have Las Vegas Boulevard addresses while Vdara is located on nearby Harmon Avenue Due to gambler superstitions floors 13 and 40 49 are skipped with the top floor labeled as 61 143 144 Previously the CityCenter Fine Art Collection 197 References edit a b Berns Dave May 16 2005 Man at the center MGM Mirage s Murren sees urban style Strip Las Vegas Business Press Archived from the original on April 27 2006 a b c d Benston Liz November 29 2009 CityCenter One man s concept of a real city Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 20 2023 Gordon Alastair 10 June 2010 Glass Menagerie As Las Vegas epic CityCenter opens will its mastermind MGM Mirage CEO Jim Murren be seen as a visionary or just another casino developer Wall Street Journal Retrieved 29 August 2011 a b c d e f g Benston Liz September 16 2005 Boardwalk closing to clear way for CityCenter Las Vegas Sun Retrieved December 28 2022 a b Schoenmann Joe January 21 2007 Magnitude of CityCenter plan is 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County Register October 21 2010 Retrieved February 9 2023 a b c d Robison Jennifer December 17 2009 CityCenter is all about superlatives Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 9 2023 What s being said about CityCenter Las Vegas Sun December 17 2009 Retrieved February 3 2023 Robison Jennifer December 5 2009 Visitors give MGM Mirage s new megacomplex mostly favorable reviews Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 7 2023 a b Goldberger Paul September 27 2010 What Happens in Vegas The New Yorker Retrieved February 9 2023 a b Benston Liz November 28 2010 Design challenges leave passers by passing CityCenter by Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 3 2023 CityCenter in line to be top power user Las Vegas Business Press October 7 2005 Retrieved February 2 2022 CityCenter s conservation rating may not be the whole story Las Vegas Business Press October 7 2005 Retrieved February 2 2022 a b c d e f g Two more CityCenter structures earn high green ratings Las Vegas Sun November 20 2009 Retrieved February 2 2023 a b Lucht Nicole November 27 2009 New LEED certifications cement CityCenter s green status Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 2 2023 CityCenter Las Vegas Architect Magazine September 1 2009 Retrieved February 8 2023 Las Vegas CityCenter One of the World s Largest Green Developments MGM Resorts International Archived from the original on November 3 2021 Retrieved February 8 2023 Stutz Howard November 20 2009 CityCenter earns fifth and sixth LEED Gold certifications Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 2 2023 Best Green Owner Las Vegas Business Press September 24 2010 Retrieved February 2 2022 Lucht Nicole September 18 2009 Strip hotels garner LEED gold Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 2 2023 Blanco Sebastian August 7 2009 Sin City orders up 26 CNG powered stretch limos for new CityCenter Autoblog Archived from the original on February 18 2011 Question of the Day Las Vegas Advisor June 25 2018 Retrieved February 19 2023 Yancey Kitty Bean November 24 2009 Las Vegas new CityCenter a big gamble prepares to open USA Today Archived from the original on November 27 2009 Robison Jennifer December 2 2009 CityCenter wow inspiring Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 17 2023 Stutz Howard December 15 2009 CityCenter born of collective creativity Casino City Times Retrieved February 15 2023 a b c d e Drillinger Meagan November 20 2009 CityCenter Earns Fifth Sixth LEED Gold Ratings Travel Agent Archived from the original on November 24 2009 Crystals at CityCenter Halcrow Archived from the original on July 25 2011 Retrieved October 3 2010 Seward Aaron May 3 2010 Bright Crystal Architect Magazine Retrieved February 9 2023 CityCenter s Aria and Vdara Achieve LEED Gold Certification Boutique Design Magazine Archived from the original on 3 October 2011 Retrieved 6 July 2011 a b How did CityCenter tower flaws persist Las Vegas Sun January 8 2009 Retrieved January 19 2023 a b c Benston Liz January 16 2008 Sales open at CityCenter s Harmon Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 19 2023 Illia Tony July 3 2010 Harmon Hotel stuck in limbo Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 13 2023 Hansen Kyle B November 22 2009 CityCenter hotel welcomes new employees with gala Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 7 2023 a b Liao Christina August 31 2018 Waldorf Astoria Begins Its Takeover Of Mandarin Oriental Las Vegas Forbes Retrieved February 10 2023 Q amp A with Mandarin Oriental architect Bill Pedersen Las Vegas Business Press December 14 2009 Retrieved January 13 2023 Cano Regina Garcia August 30 2018 Hilton s Waldorf Astoria to debut in Las Vegas VegasInc Associated Press Retrieved January 13 2023 Casper Ashley January 30 2015 Knowing Vegas How many implosions have there been Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 8 2023 Q amp A with Vdara architect Rafael Vinoly Las Vegas Business Press January 4 2010 Retrieved January 25 2023 a b Illia Tony January 18 2010 Q amp A with Veer Towers architect Helmut Jahn Las Vegas Business Press Archived from the original on March 28 2010 a b Stutz Howard June 3 2010 Veer Towers at CityCenter begins sales closings Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved January 15 2023 Segall Eli September 1 2022 A plus location New Strip project pushes closer to completion Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 10 2023 Benston Liz August 15 2009 CityCenter gives condominium buyers hope for price cuts Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 25 2023 Witcher T R September 23 2009 How One Giant Casino Could Turn Around Vegas Time Retrieved February 15 2023 Smith Rod March 12 2006 Inside Gaming Signature sales propel progress at CityCenter Las Vegas Review Journal Archived from the original on April 20 2006 Benston Liz February 28 2006 An 800 million spring cleaning Las Vegas Sun Retrieved December 28 2022 MGM Mirage forms condo sales company Las Vegas Business Press August 9 2006 Retrieved January 19 2023 CityCenter could spell trouble for rival high rise projects Las Vegas Business Press November 7 2006 Retrieved January 19 2023 Stutz Howard January 2 2007 The Strip Slice of the high life Las Vegas Review Journal Archived from the original on January 7 2007 Brown Joe February 15 2008 Behold the tiny beguiling future Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 22 2023 Stutz Howard October 26 2006 Got 8 million That will get you CityCenter penthouse Las Vegas Review Journal Archived from the original on November 25 2006 Benston Liz January 24 2008 As market gets tougher CityCenter to sell in Dubai Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 22 2023 Benston Liz 2008 05 09 CityCenter still selling condos despite slowdown Las Vegas Sun Retrieved 2008 05 15 Benston Liz May 21 2009 CityCenter condo prices not bending to market Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 22 2023 Wargo Buck September 11 2009 How much will CityCenter slash its condo prices Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 25 2023 CityCenter unveils financing program for condo buyers Las Vegas Sun December 9 2009 Retrieved January 25 2023 Stutz Howard December 10 2009 Condo project lending a hand Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved January 28 2023 a b Wargo Buck February 5 2010 CityCenter condos may outperform market Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 28 2023 Benston Liz October 5 2009 CityCenter reduces condo prices 30 percent Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 25 2023 Stutz Howard October 5 2009 CityCenter cuts condo prices by 30 percent Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved January 25 2023 Wargo Buck May 28 2010 CityCenter condo closings slow in down economy Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 2 2023 Few condo sales at CityCenter but analysts satisfied Las Vegas Business Press April 12 2010 Retrieved January 19 2023 Wargo Buck November 12 2010 High rise condo sales at CityCenter a mixed bag Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 2 2023 Peterson Kristen May 3 2009 CityCenter s crown jewel Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 19 2023 CityCenter aims to make dining experience cooler and hipper Las Vegas Sun December 16 2009 Retrieved February 7 2023 Hallock Betty December 24 2009 Vegas baby The quickie guide to CityCenter restaurants at Aria Vdara the Mandarin Oriental and Crystals Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 15 2023 Virbila S Irene March 7 2014 The best tastes of CityCenter in Las Vegas Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 7 2023 Velotta Richard N December 16 2009 Water swirling spewing frozen to entertain visitors at CityCenter Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 2 2023 a b Padgett Sonya December 9 2009 Why not meet at CityCenter Las Vegas Review Journal Retrieved February 9 2023 Katsilometes John December 16 2015 Aria convention expansion leads to closing of Zarkana Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 19 2023 Radke Brock December 22 2015 The closing of Zarkana proves Vegas means business Las Vegas Weekly Retrieved February 19 2023 Zurowski Monica March 5 2010 Viva CityCenter Calgary Herald Archived from the original on April 9 2010 McDonnall John P December 1 2010 Fact checking CityCenter Las Vegas Weekly Retrieved February 2 2023 Radke Brock March 4 2015 CityCenter is a walkable drinkable art museum Las Vegas Weekly Retrieved February 3 2023 a b Benston Liz December 17 2009 At CityCenter art for the masses right next to the slots Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 3 2023 Bennett Andrea Review Aria Fine Art Collection Conde Nast Traveler Retrieved February 21 2023 Fodor s Las Vegas 2012 Fodor s Travel Pub 2011 p 34 ISBN 978 0 679 00974 0 Retrieved February 21 2023 Peterson Kristen March 10 2008 CityCenter Only in Vegas works for the art world too Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 3 2023 Peterson Kristen May 5 2009 CityCenter s art collection was never in doubt even when it was itself Las Vegas Sun Retrieved February 3 2023 Robison Jennifer June 27 2006 The CityCenter of attention Las Vegas Review Journal Archived from the original on July 2 2006 Hansen Kyle B December 10 2009 County opens new fire station at CityCenter Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 20 2023 a b Radke Brock August 22 2013 Stationed on the Strip The crazy never stops at Las Vegas busiest firehouse Las Vegas Weekly Retrieved February 10 2023 Hansen Kyle B December 1 2009 The ins and outs of CityCenter traffic Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 20 2023 Benston Liz May 16 2008 Already CityCenter s scale complexity unparalleled Las Vegas Sun Retrieved December 28 2022 CityCenter s pocket parks traffic circles stand as symbol of Strip s evolution Las Vegas Business Press December 14 2009 Retrieved February 2 2022 Benston Liz March 8 2010 Aria Bellagio coexisting just fine MGM Mirage says Las Vegas Sun Retrieved January 25 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Project CityCenter Las Vegas Official CityCenter website CityCenter agenda sheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title CityCenter amp oldid 1189205143, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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