Princess Marie Amelie of Baden

Princess Marie Amelie of Baden (Marie Amelie Elisabeth Caroline; 11 October 1817 – 17 October 1888) was the youngest daughter of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden and Stéphanie de Beauharnais. In 1843, she married the Scottish nobleman William Hamilton, Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale. They became the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton upon the death of William's father in 1852. Their only daughter Mary married the future Albert I, Prince of Monaco and was the mother of Louis II.

Marie Amelie of Baden
Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon
Born	(1817-10-11)11 October 1817 Karlsruhe, Baden
Died	17 October 1888(1888-10-17) (aged 71) Baden-Baden, Baden
Spouse	William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton
Issue	William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton Charles Douglas-Hamilton, 7th Earl of Selkirk Mary Victoria, Princess Festetics von Tolna, prev. Hereditary Princess of Monaco
Names Marie Amelie Elizabeth Caroline
House	Zähringen
Father	Charles, Grand Duke of Baden
Mother	Stéphanie de Beauharnais

Princess Marie Amelie was a cousin of Napoleon III of France, as well as a friend of his and his wife's, Empress Eugénie. She often accompanied the couple at official events, and provided them lodging when they visited her outside France.

Family and early life

Princess Marie Amelie was born in Karlsruhe, the youngest daughter of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden, and his wife Stéphanie de Beauharnais, the adopted daughter of Napoleon I of France.^[1][2] Charles's daughters married into several great European ruling families.^[3] Marie Amelie's older sister Princess Louise married the Swedish prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa, and her other sister Princess Josephine married Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern.^[4] Louise was the mother of Queen Carola of Saxony, while Josephine was the mother of Carol I of Romania and Queen Stephanie of Portugal.

Marriage

On 23 February 1843, she married the Scottish nobleman William Hamilton, Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale, the only son of the 10th Duke of Hamilton.^[1][2] The couple had two sons and one daughter: William (later 12th Duke of Hamilton), Charles (later 7th Earl of Selkirk and Lieutenant of 11th Hussars), and Lady Mary Victoria (later wed to Albert I, Prince of Monaco in 1869).^{[5] [6]}

After her wedding, she relocated to Brodick Castle on the Isle of Arran, which was built in her honour in the Bavarian style. She then moved later on Hamilton Palace in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Her husband succeeded as Duke of Hamilton upon the death of her father-in-law in 1852.^[7] The Duke at least mainly lived in Baden-Baden and Paris after his marriage.^[2]

Duchess of Hamilton

The Duchess was a cousin and friend of Napoleon III of France.^[8][9] She and her husband accompanied Napoleon during his official state entry into Paris in 1852,^[9] and she was present in 1860 when he visited her in Baden, at a popular summer resort for Paris's upper classes.^[10] She also accompanied the Emperor at an 1855 celebration in honor of King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia^[11] and the 1856 baptism of Napoléon, Prince Imperial.^[12] Napoleon's wife, Empress Eugénie, was also reported as being a friend of Marie,^[13] and the Empress would often stay with Marie when she visited Baden and Scotland.^[14][15] Eugénie angered many when she insisted that Princess Marie take precedence and be seated with the Imperial Family.^[16] In 1860, an exhausted Eugénie wished to leave France but found that her destinations on the continent were limited due to political concerns; Princess Marie, sympathetic to her plight, successfully offered Eugénie a stay at her husband's home in Scotland.^[17]

 

Princess Marie with one of her children

In 1853, the Glasgow Free Press reported that the Duchess had converted to Roman Catholicism.^[18] Stéphanie de Beauharnais died seven years later. Queen Sophie of the Netherlands, a friend of Stéphanie's, later claimed that Marie Amelie "behaved ill to her" mother, blaming this on her "Catholic bigotry". Sophie was particularly upset that the Duchess of Hamilton failed to see her mother on her deathbed, though her husband did make the visit.^[19] Five years later, in an 1867 letter, Queen Sophie described Marie Amelie as "bloodless, fat, sick," and complained that her sons were "restless and bad," while her daughter was "far from handsome."^[20]

Princess Marie gave £20 to establish a Catholic school in Hamilton, opened on 17 January 1853. The funds were used to purchase classroom items and pay the teacher's salary. Afterwards she made an annual donation of £20 for the upkeep of the school. She also donated items for St Mary's Church for the celebration of Mass and gave money for a set of stations of the cross, a new altar and two side altars. The Duchess often attended services in St Mary's.^[21]

In 1863, the Duke collapsed while dining at the Maison dorée, Boulevard des Italiens in Paris.^[2] Once his party realised his condition was serious, he was brought back to Hôtel Bristol in Place Vendôme. Marie Amelie arrived at his side, and while he seemed to be recovering, he died suddenly three days later, on 15 July 1863.^[2][22] He was fifty-two years old.^[23] His wealth at death was estimated at under £140,000.^[2] She was styled Marie Amelie, Princess of Baden, Dowager Duchess of Hamilton after her husband's death.

Princess Marie occupied the Villa Stephanie in Baden-Baden, where her daughter used to visit her annually. In 1904, the contemporary journal Lady's Realm reported that the place was the "rendezvous of the very best cosmopolitan society."^[24] She was a friend of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. As of 1867, she and her son were being associated with a disreputable company, the type that his mother Queen Victoria urged him to avoid.^[25] Marie also paid and received visits to members of the British Royal Family, including the Duchess of Kent^[26] and Queen Victoria.^[27] She died in Baden-Baden, aged 71.

In 1869, her only daughter Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton married Prince Albert (later Albert I), son and heir of Charles III, Prince of Monaco.^[28] The union was unhappy, however, and Mary left Monaco and her husband after giving birth to an heir, Louis II. The marriage was annulled in 1880.^[29] She later married the Hungarian magnate Prince Tasziló Festetics, living from that point onwards mainly in her husband's native country.^[30] Through Mary, Marie is the great-great-grandmother of the current reigning prince of Monaco, Albert II.

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Hamilton had two sons and one daughter^[6]

1. William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton ( 12 March 1845 – 16 May 1895) he married Lady Mary Montagu on 10 December 1873 and had issue.
2. Charles Douglas-Hamilton, 7th Earl of Selkirk (18 May 1847 – 2 May 1886)
3. Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton (11 December 1850 – 14 May 1922) she married Albert I, Prince of Monaco on 21 September 1869 but divorced on 28 July 1880. They had issue. She remarried Tassilo, Prince Festetics de Tolna on 2 June 1880. They had issue.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Marie Amelie of Baden

8. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden 4. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden 9. Princess Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 2. Charles, Grand Duke of Baden 10. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 5. Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 11. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken 1. Princess Marie Amelie of Baden 12. Claude de Beauharnais, comte des Roches-Baritaud 6. Claude de Beauharnais, comte des Roches-Baritaud 13. Marie-Anne-Françoise Mouchard de Chaban 3. Stéphanie de Beauharnais 14. Claude, marquis de Lézay-Marnézia 7. Claudine Françoise de Lézay-Marnézia 15. Marie-Claudine de Nettancourt, dame de Vaubécourt

References

 

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1. Martin 1866, p. 148.
2. Sanders 2004.
3. Nichols Barker 2011, pp. 29–30.
4. de Saint-Amand 1900, pp. 44–45.
5. Chancellor, E. Beresford (1908). The Private Palaces of London Past and Present. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co Ltd. pp. 366–367. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
6. Lodge 1872, pp. 274–75.
7. Dod 1855, p. 287.
8. Nichols Barker 2011, p. 29.
9. Mansel 2003, p. 16.
10. de Saint-Amand 1900, pp. 143–44.
11. "The Crimea". The Manchester Guardian. 1 December 1855. p. 7. ProQuest 473874183. (subscription required)
12. "France". The Manchester Guardian. 16 June 1856. p. 1. ProQuest 473908391. (subscription required)
13. "London, Sunday, November 18". The Observer. 18 November 1860. p. 4. ProQuest 474996297. (subscription required)
14. "Latest News". The Manchester Guardian. 6 October 1864. p. 3. ProQuest 474478246. (subscription required)
15. "The Two Empresses". The Observer. 18 November 1860. p. 7. ProQuest 474996321. (subscription required)
16. Nichols Barker 2011, p. 30.
17. Nichols Barker 2011, p. 75.
18. The Glasgow Free Press, as cited in "Varieties". The Manchester Guardian. 3 September 1853. p. 5. ProQuest 473807765. (subscription required)
19. Württemberg 1989, p. 206.
20. Württemberg 1989, p. 272.
21. Devine, Thomas M., ed. (1995). St Mary's Hamilton: A Social History, 1846-1996. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-85976-429-X.
22. Loliée & O'Donnell 1910, pp. 75–77.
23. Mansel 2003, p. 148.
24. Lady's Realm 1904, pp. 466–67.
25. Ridley 2013.
26. "Court and Fashionable". The Observer. 11 November 1855. p. 4. ProQuest 474347149. (subscription required)
27. "Buckingham Palace". The Observer. 14 May 1860. p. 4. ProQuest 474988371. (subscription required)
28. "French Affairs". The Observer. 26 September 1869. p. 5. ProQuest 475176740. (subscription required)
29. Leigh 2008, pp. 101–02.
30. Lady's Realm 1904, p. 466.

Works cited

• de Saint-Amand, Imbert (1900). Napoleon III at the Height of His Power. Charles Scribner and Sons. p. 1.
• Dod, Charles Roger (1855). Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, Volume 15. Gilbert and Rivington.
• "English Wives of Foreign Nobleman". The Lady's Realm. 15. Hutchinson and Co. 1904.
• Leigh, Wendy (2008). True Grace: The Life and Times of an American Princess. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0312381943.
• Lodge, Edmund (1872). The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. Hurst and Blackett.
• Loliée, Frédéric; O'Donnell, Bryan (1910). The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire. Brentano's.
• Mansel, Philip (2003). Paris Between Empires: Monarchy and Revolution 1814–1852. St. Martin's Press. p. 544. ISBN 0312308574.
• Martin, Frederick (1866). The Statesman's Year-Book. Macmillan and Co.
• Nichols Barker, Nancy (2011). Distaff Diplomacy: The Empress Eugénie and the Foreign Policy of the Second Empire. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292735927.
• Ridley, Jane (2013). The Heir Apparent: A Life of Edward VII, the Playboy Prince. Random House. ISBN 978-1400062553.
• Sanders, L.C. (2004). "Hamilton, William Alexander Anthony Archibald Douglas-, eleventh duke of Hamilton and eighth duke of Brandon (1811–1863)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7939. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Württemberg, Sophie of (1989). A Stranger in The Hague: The Letters of Queen Sophie of the Netherlands to Lady Malet, 1842–1877. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822308754.