A presidential memorandum is a type of directive issued by the president of the United States to manage and govern the actions, practices, and policies of the various departments and agencies found under the executive branch of the United States government. It has the force of law and is usually used to delegate tasks, direct specific government agencies to do something, or to start a regulatory process.[1] There are three types of presidential memoranda: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.[2]
Sometimes used interchangeably, an executive order is a more prestigious form of executive action that must cite the specific constitutional or statutory authority the president has to use it.[1] Unlike executive orders, memoranda are not required by law to be published in the Federal Register, but publication is necessary in order to have "general applicability and legal effect".[3] The Federal Register gives publication priority to executive orders and presidential proclamations over memoranda.[4] Memoranda can be amended or rescinded by executive orders or another memorandum, but executive orders take legal precedence and cannot be changed by a memorandum.[3]
Presidential determination, or presidential finding, are memoranda required by a statute and must be issued before certain actions are taken. For example, a presidential determination on the status of a country must be released before sanctions are imposed on the country.[2]
Memorandum of disapprovalEdit
A memorandum of disapproval is a public veto statement.[2]
Hortatory memorandumEdit
A hortatory memorandum is issued as a broad policy statement, but unlike a presidential proclamation is directed to executive agencies.[2]
^Korte, Gregory (October 12, 2017). "The executive action toolbox: How presidents use proclamations, executive orders and memoranda". USA Today. McLean, Virginia: Gannett Company. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
October 20, 2023
presidential, memorandum, presidential, memorandum, type, directive, issued, president, united, states, manage, govern, actions, practices, policies, various, departments, agencies, found, under, executive, branch, united, states, government, force, usually, u. A presidential memorandum is a type of directive issued by the president of the United States to manage and govern the actions practices and policies of the various departments and agencies found under the executive branch of the United States government It has the force of law and is usually used to delegate tasks direct specific government agencies to do something or to start a regulatory process 1 There are three types of presidential memoranda presidential determination or presidential finding memorandum of disapproval and hortatory memorandum 2 Sometimes used interchangeably an executive order is a more prestigious form of executive action that must cite the specific constitutional or statutory authority the president has to use it 1 Unlike executive orders memoranda are not required by law to be published in the Federal Register but publication is necessary in order to have general applicability and legal effect 3 The Federal Register gives publication priority to executive orders and presidential proclamations over memoranda 4 Memoranda can be amended or rescinded by executive orders or another memorandum but executive orders take legal precedence and cannot be changed by a memorandum 3 Contents 1 History 2 Presidential determination 3 Memorandum of disapproval 4 Hortatory memorandum 5 National security presidential memorandum 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it April 2017 In the past presidential memoranda have been referred to as presidential letters 2 President Number IssuedBarack Obama 644 5 Donald Trump as of January 6 2020 update 167 6 Presidential determination EditPresidential determination or presidential finding are memoranda required by a statute and must be issued before certain actions are taken For example a presidential determination on the status of a country must be released before sanctions are imposed on the country 2 Memorandum of disapproval EditA memorandum of disapproval is a public veto statement 2 Hortatory memorandum EditA hortatory memorandum is issued as a broad policy statement but unlike a presidential proclamation is directed to executive agencies 2 National security presidential memorandum EditIn 2017 President Donald Trump changed the national security directives to national security presidential memorandum They operate like executive orders but are only in the area of national security They date back to President Harry S Truman and have been called many different names 7 See also EditExecutive order United States Presidential directive Presidential proclamation Memorandum of conversationReferences Edit a b The Difference Between an Executive Order and a Presidential Memorandum Video ABC News Retrieved January 26 2017 a b c d e Presidential Documents SDSU Library amp Information Access Retrieved January 31 2009 a b Korte Gregory January 25 2017 Executive order vs presidential memorandum What s the difference USA TODAY Retrieved January 24 2017 Korte Gregory December 17 2016 Obama issues executive orders by another name USA TODAY Retrieved January 24 2017 Presidential Memoranda whitehouse gov January 20 2017 Retrieved January 24 2017 via National Archives Presidential Memoranda whitehouse gov May 14 2015 Retrieved January 24 2017 via National Archives Korte Gregory October 12 2017 The executive action toolbox How presidents use proclamations executive orders and memoranda USA Today McLean Virginia Gannett Company Retrieved November 9 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Presidential memorandum amp oldid 1010891466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
