In psychology, preparedness is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others.[1][2] For example, phobias related to survival, such as snakes, spiders, and heights, are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears. According to Martin Seligman, this is a result of our evolutionary history. The theory states that organisms which learned to fear environmental threats faster had a survival and reproductive advantage. Consequently, the innate predisposition to fear these threats became an adaptive human trait.[3]
The concept of preparedness has also been used to explain why taste aversions are learned so quickly and efficiently compared with other kinds of classical conditioning.[4]
Referencesedit
^Seligman, Martin E. (1970). "On the generality of the laws of learning". Psychological Review. 77 (5): 406–418. doi:10.1037/h0029790.
^Seligman, Martin E.P. (July 1971). "Phobias and preparedness". Behavior Therapy. 2 (3): 307–320. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(71)80064-3.
^Öhman, Arne; Mineka, Susan (2001). "Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning". Psychological Review. 108 (3): 483–522. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.483. PMID 11488376.
^Garcia, J; Kimeldorf, D J; Koelling, R A (1955). "Conditioned Aversion to Saccharin Resulting from Exposure to Gamma Radiation". Science. 122 (3160): 157–158. Bibcode:1955Sci...122..157G. doi:10.1126/science.122.3160.157. PMID 14396377. S2CID 30826975.
External linksedit
The Malicious Serpent: Snakes as a Prototypical Stimulus for an Evolved Module of Fear link not working
January 01, 1970
preparedness, learning, psychology, preparedness, concept, developed, explain, certain, associations, learned, more, readily, than, others, example, phobias, related, survival, such, snakes, spiders, heights, much, more, common, much, easier, induce, laborator. In psychology preparedness is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others 1 2 For example phobias related to survival such as snakes spiders and heights are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears According to Martin Seligman this is a result of our evolutionary history The theory states that organisms which learned to fear environmental threats faster had a survival and reproductive advantage Consequently the innate predisposition to fear these threats became an adaptive human trait 3 The concept of preparedness has also been used to explain why taste aversions are learned so quickly and efficiently compared with other kinds of classical conditioning 4 References edit Seligman Martin E 1970 On the generality of the laws of learning Psychological Review 77 5 406 418 doi 10 1037 h0029790 Seligman Martin E P July 1971 Phobias and preparedness Behavior Therapy 2 3 307 320 doi 10 1016 S0005 7894 71 80064 3 Ohman Arne Mineka Susan 2001 Fears phobias and preparedness Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning Psychological Review 108 3 483 522 doi 10 1037 0033 295X 108 3 483 PMID 11488376 Garcia J Kimeldorf D J Koelling R A 1955 Conditioned Aversion to Saccharin Resulting from Exposure to Gamma Radiation Science 122 3160 157 158 Bibcode 1955Sci 122 157G doi 10 1126 science 122 3160 157 PMID 14396377 S2CID 30826975 External links editThe Malicious Serpent Snakes as a Prototypical Stimulus for an Evolved Module of Fear link not working Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Preparedness learning amp oldid 1161076332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
