Pavarana (Sanskrit: Pravāraṇā) is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on Aashvin full moon of the lunar month. This usually occurs on the full moon of the 11th month. It marks the end of the three lunar months of Vassa, sometimes called "Buddhist Lent." The day is marked in some Asian countries where Theravada Buddhism is practiced. On this day, each monk (Pali: bhikkhu) must come before the community of monks (Sangha) and atone for an offense he may have committed during the Vassa.
Buddhist devotees flying lanterns during pavarana purnima in Bangladesh
Mahayana Buddhists also observe Vassa, many Son/Thien monks in Korea and Vietnam observe an equivalent retreat of three months of intensive practice in one location.
In India, where Buddhism began, there is a three-month-long rainy season. According to the Vinaya (Mahavagga, Fourth Khandhaka, section I), in the time of the Buddha, once during this rainy season, a group of normally wandering monks sought shelter by co-habitating in a residence. In order to minimize potential inter-personal strife while co-habitating, the monks agreed to remain silent for the entire three months and agreed upon a non-verbal means for sharing alms.
After this rains retreat, when the Buddha learned of the monks' silence, he described such a measure as "foolish." Instead, the Buddha instituted the Pavarana Ceremony as a means for dealing with potential conflict and breaches of disciplinary rules (Patimokkha) during the vassa season. The Buddha said:
'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that the Bhikkhus, when they have finished their Vassa residence, hold Pavâranâ with each other in these three ways: by what [offence] has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected. Hence it will result that you live in accord with each other, that you atone for the offences (you have committed), and that you keep the rules of discipline before your eyes.
'And you ought, O Bhikkhus, to hold Pavâranâ in this way:
'Let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following ñatti [motion] before the Samgha: "Let the Samgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. To-day is the Pavâranâ day. If the Samgha is ready, let the Samgha hold Pavâranâ."
'Then let the senior Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe so as to cover one shoulder, sit down squatting, raise his joined hands, and say: "I pronounce my Pavâranâ, friends, before the Samgha, by what has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected; may you speak to me, Sirs, out of compassion towards me; if I see (an offence), I will atone for it. And for the second time, &c. And for the third time I pronounce my Pavâranâ (&c., down to) if I see (an offence), I will atone for it."
'Then let (each) younger Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe . . . . (&c.)'[1]
Traditionsedit
Pavarana means, "inviting admonition".[2] Monks come together to discuss the good and bad of being a monk, in addition to anything they may want to confess from the last three months.[2][3]
The evening after the Pavarana ceremony, lanterns are released into the sky.[3]
Tieken, Hermann (2002). "The Buddhist Pavarana Ceremony to the Pali Vinaya". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 30 (3): 271–289. doi:10.1023/a:1016153122649. JSTOR 23496839. S2CID 169274764.
April 10, 2024
pavarana, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citat. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pavarana news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Pavarana Sanskrit Pravaraṇa is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on Aashvin full moon of the lunar month This usually occurs on the full moon of the 11th month It marks the end of the three lunar months of Vassa sometimes called Buddhist Lent The day is marked in some Asian countries where Theravada Buddhism is practiced On this day each monk Pali bhikkhu must come before the community of monks Sangha and atone for an offense he may have committed during the Vassa Buddhist devotees flying lanterns during pavarana purnima in BangladeshMahayana Buddhists also observe Vassa many Son Thien monks in Korea and Vietnam observe an equivalent retreat of three months of intensive practice in one location Contents 1 Origins 2 Traditions 3 See also 4 Notes 5 BibliographyOrigins editIn India where Buddhism began there is a three month long rainy season According to the Vinaya Mahavagga Fourth Khandhaka section I in the time of the Buddha once during this rainy season a group of normally wandering monks sought shelter by co habitating in a residence In order to minimize potential inter personal strife while co habitating the monks agreed to remain silent for the entire three months and agreed upon a non verbal means for sharing alms After this rains retreat when the Buddha learned of the monks silence he described such a measure as foolish Instead the Buddha instituted the Pavarana Ceremony as a means for dealing with potential conflict and breaches of disciplinary rules Patimokkha during the vassa season The Buddha said I prescribe O Bhikkhus that the Bhikkhus when they have finished their Vassa residence hold Pavarana with each other in these three ways by what offence has been seen or by what has been heard or by what is suspected Hence it will result that you live in accord with each other that you atone for the offences you have committed and that you keep the rules of discipline before your eyes And you ought O Bhikkhus to hold Pavarana in this way Let a learned competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following natti motion before the Samgha Let the Samgha reverend Sirs hear me To day is the Pavarana day If the Samgha is ready let the Samgha hold Pavarana Then let the senior Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe so as to cover one shoulder sit down squatting raise his joined hands and say I pronounce my Pavarana friends before the Samgha by what has been seen or by what has been heard or by what is suspected may you speak to me Sirs out of compassion towards me if I see an offence I will atone for it And for the second time amp c And for the third time I pronounce my Pavarana amp c down to if I see an offence I will atone for it Then let each younger Bhikkhu adjust his upper robe amp c 1 Traditions editPavarana means inviting admonition 2 Monks come together to discuss the good and bad of being a monk in addition to anything they may want to confess from the last three months 2 3 The evening after the Pavarana ceremony lanterns are released into the sky 3 See also editAsalha Puja Magha Puja Visakha Puja Uposatha Vassa Vinaya Wan Ok Phansa Thadingyut Festival Esala Mangallaya Kandy Esala Perahera Ubon Ratchathani Candle Festival List of Buddhist festivalsNotes edit Rhys Davids amp Oldenberg 1881 pp 329 30 a b Pavarana The Theravada Tradition of Launching Sky Lanterns Buddhistdoor Global Retrieved 2023 12 18 a b Pavarana The Theravada Tradition of Launching Sky Lanterns Buddhistdoor Global Retrieved 2023 12 18 Bibliography editRhys Davids T W amp Hermann Oldenberg trans 1881 Vinaya Texts Part I Oxford Clarendon Press Available on line at http www sacred texts com bud sbe13 sbe1313 htm The chapter on Pavarana Day Fourth Khandhaka The Paravana Ceremony is available at http www sacred texts com bud sbe13 sbe1315 htm Tieken Hermann 2002 The Buddhist Pavarana Ceremony to the Pali Vinaya Journal of Indian Philosophy 30 3 271 289 doi 10 1023 a 1016153122649 JSTOR 23496839 S2CID 169274764 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pavarana amp oldid 1216046221, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
