Ponera nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs.[4]
^Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. (2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. 3817 (1): 1–242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID 24943802.
^ abc"Ponera Latreille, 1804, Ants Down Under". CSIRO Australia. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
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ponera, genus, orchids, plant, genus, ponerine, ants, name, latinized, form, ponēra, ancient, greek, ponira, πονηρά, wicked, wretched, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, arthropodaclass, insectaorder, hymenopterafamily, formici. For the genus of orchids see Ponera plant Ponera is a genus of ponerine ants The name is the Latinized form Ponera of the Ancient Greek ponira ponhra wicked wretched 2 PoneraPonera sp Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HymenopteraFamily FormicidaeSubfamily PonerinaeTribe PoneriniGenus PoneraLatreille 1804Type speciesFormica coarctataLatreille 1802Diversity 1 66 speciesSynonymsPseudocryptopone Wheeler W M 1933Pteroponera Bernard 1950Selenopone Wheeler W M 1933 Contents 1 Description 2 Biology 3 Distribution 4 Species 5 References 6 External linksDescription editWorkers are very small to small in size 1 4 mm queen are similar to workers but winged 3 This genus is very similar to Cryptopone Hypoponera and Pachycondyla 4 Biology editPonera nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground most often in the soil or in cracks rotten wood under bark or moss on rotten logs 4 Distribution editPonera is known from the Holarctic Samoa New Guinea and Australia 4 Species edit nbsp Illustration of Ponera leptocephala in Sicilian amberPonera alisana Terayama 1986 Ponera alpha Taylor 1967 Ponera augusta Taylor 1967 Ponera bableti Perrault 1993 Ponera baka Xu 2001 Ponera bawana Xu 2001 Ponera bishamon Terayama 1996 Ponera borneensis Taylor 1967 Ponera chapmani Taylor 1967 Ponera chiponensis Terayama 1986 Ponera clavicornis Emery 1900 Ponera coarctata Latreille 1802 Ponera colaensis Mann 1921 Ponera diodonta Xu 2001 Ponera elegantissima Meunier 1923 Ponera elegantula Wilson 1957 Ponera exotica Smith 1962 Ponera guangxiensis Zhou 2001 Ponera hubeiensis Wang amp Zhao 2009 Ponera incerta Wheeler 1933 Ponera indica Bharti amp Wachkoo 2012 Ponera japonica Wheeler 1906 Ponera kohmoku Terayama 1996 Ponera leae Forel 1913 Ponera leptocephala Emery 1891 Ponera lobulifera Dlussky 2009 Ponera loi Taylor 1967 Ponera longlina Xu 2001 Ponera manni Taylor 1967 Ponera mayri Dlussky 2009 Ponera menglana Xu 2001 Ponera nangongshana Xu 2001 Ponera norfolkensis Wheeler 1935 Ponera oreas Wheeler 1933 Ponera paedericera Zhou 2001 Ponera pennsylvanica Buckley 1866 Ponera pentodontos Xu 2001 Ponera petila Wilson 1957 Ponera pianmana Xu 2001 Ponera rishen Terayama 2009 Ponera ruficornis Spinola 1851 Ponera scabra Wheeler 1928 Ponera selenophora Emery 1900 Ponera shennong Terayama 2009 Ponera sikkimensis Bharti amp Rilta 2015 Ponera sinensis Wheeler 1928 Ponera swezeyi Wheeler 1933 Ponera syscena Wilson 1957 Ponera sysphinctoides Bernard 1950 Ponera szaboi Wilson 1957 Ponera szentivanyi Wilson 1957 Ponera taipingensis Forel 1913 Ponera taiyangshen Terayama 2009 Ponera takaminei Terayama 1996 Ponera tamon Terayama 1996 Ponera taylori Bharti amp Wachkoo 2012 Ponera tenuis Emery 1900 Ponera terayamai Leong Guenard Shiao amp Lin 2019 Ponera testacea Emery 1895 Ponera tudigong Pierce Leong amp Guenard 2019 Ponera wheeleri Dlussky 2009 Ponera woodwardi Taylor 1967 Ponera wui Leong Guenard Shiao amp Lin 2019 Ponera xantha Xu 2001 Ponera xenagos Wilson 1957 Ponera yuhuang Terayama 2009References edit Bolton B 2014 Ponera AntCat Retrieved 20 July 2014 ponerid Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Schmidt C A Shattuck S O 2014 The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae Hymenoptera Formicidae with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior Zootaxa 3817 1 1 242 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3817 1 1 PMID 24943802 a b c Ponera Latreille 1804 Ants Down Under CSIRO Australia Retrieved 2010 08 10 External links edit nbsp Media related to Ponera at Wikimedia Commons nbsp This Ponerinae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ponera amp oldid 1180158775, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
