The Pomeranian Voivodeship or Pomorskie Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Pomorskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (from 1919 to 1939). It ceased to function in September 1939, following the German and Sovietinvasion of Poland.
Most of the territory of Pomeranian province became part of the current Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, of which one of two capitals is the same as the interwar voivodeship's Toruń; the second one is Bydgoszcz.
The name Pomerania derives from the Slavicpo more, meaning "by the sea" or "on the sea".[1]
This was a unit of administration and local government in the Republic of Poland (II Rzeczpospolita) established in 1919 after World War I from the majority of the Prussian province of West Prussia (made out of territories taken in Partitions of Poland which was returned to Poland. Toruń was the capital. In 1938–1939, the voivodeship extended to the south at the expense of Poznań Voivodeship and Warsaw Voivodeship, and was called Great Pomerania afterwards (see: Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on April 1, 1938).
During World War II, it was occupied by Nazi Germany and unilaterally annexed as Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen ("Reich province of Danzig-West Prussia"). Poles and Jews were classified as untermenschen by German authorities and their intended fate slavery and extermination. In 1945, the region was returned to Poland. In 1945 out of its northern territory, the new voivodeship of Gdańsk was formed, including annexed territories of the Free City of Danzig and of German Prussian Province of Pomerania and German Prussian Province of East Prussia. The bulk of the old voivodeship was enlarged by annexed territories of the German Prussian Province of Pomerania and later renamed into Bydgoszcz voivodeship. In the years 1975–1998, it was reorganized into the voivodeships of Gdańsk, Elbląg, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, and Włocławek.
Area and countiesedit
Between April 1, 1938 and September 1, 1939, the Voivodeship's area was 25 683 km2, and its population - 1 884 400 (according to the 1931 census). It consisted of 28 powiats (counties), 64 cities, and 234 villages. Railroad density was high, with 11.4 km. per 100 km2 (total length of railroads within the Voivodeship's area was 1 887 km., second in the whole country). Forests covered 26.7% of the voivodeship, which was higher than the national average (in 1937, the average was 22.2%).
Pomorskie Voivodeship was one of the richest and best developed in interwar Poland. With numerous cities and well-developed rail, it also provided the country with access to the Baltic Sea. Only 8.3% of population was illiterate, which was much lower than the national average of 23.1% (as for 1931). Poles made up majority of population (88%). After World War I, the number of Germans was 117,251 in 1926 and 107,555 in 1934.[2] As of 1931 10.1% of the populace were ethnic Germans and 1.6% Jews.
This is the list of the Pomorskie Voivodeship counties as of August 31, 1939:
Administrative division of the Voivodeship in 1938.
Biggest cities of the Voivodeship were (data according to the 1931 Polish census):
Bydgoszcz (pop. 117 200) - since 1938
Toruń (pop. 61 900) - the capital
Włocławek (pop. 56 000) - since 1938
Grudziądz (pop. 54 000)
Gdynia (pop. 38 600)
Inowrocław (pop. 34 400) - since 1938
Tczew (pop. 22 500)
Chojnice (pop. 14 100)
German minorityedit
According to Polish census figures, the German minority in 1921 counted 18.8% of the overall population (with 175 771 Germans still remaining in Polish areas), while in 1931 it counted 9.6% (104 992 Germans remaining).[3] Other more detailed estimates below:
^Der Name Pommern (po more) ist slawischer Herkunft und bedeutet so viel wie „Land am Meer“. (Pommersches Landesmuseum, German)
^Kotowski, Albert S. (1998). Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919-1939 (in German). Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa, University of Dortmund. p. 55. ISBN3-447-03997-3.
^Kotowski, Albert S. (1998). Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919-1939 (in German). Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa, University of Dortmund. p. 55. ISBN3-447-03997-3.
Referencesedit
Maly rocznik statystyczny 1939, Nakladem Glownego Urzedu Statystycznego, Warszawa 1939 (Concise Statistical Year-Book of Poland, Warsaw 1939).
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The Pomeranian Voivodeship or Pomorskie Voivodeship Polish Wojewodztwo Pomorskie was an administrative unit of interwar Poland from 1919 to 1939 It ceased to function in September 1939 following the German and Soviet invasion of Poland Pomeranian VoivodeshipWojewodztwo PomorskieVoivodeship of Poland1919 1939Flag Coat of armsLocation of the Pomeranian Voivodeship so called Greater Pomerania red within the Second Polish Republic 1938 CapitalTorunArea 192116 386 km2 6 327 sq mi 193928 402 km2 10 966 sq mi Population 1921935 643 19311 080 138Government TypeVoivodeshipVoivodes 1919 1920Stefan Laszewski 1936 1939Wladyslaw RaczkiewiczHistorical eraInterwar period Established12 August 1919 Territorial changes1 April 1938 Annexed by GermanySeptember 1939Political subdivisions28 powiatsPreceded by Succeeded byProvince of West Prussia Reichsgau Danzig West PrussiaMost of the territory of Pomeranian province became part of the current Kuyavian Pomeranian Voivodeship of which one of two capitals is the same as the interwar voivodeship s Torun the second one is Bydgoszcz The name Pomerania derives from the Slavic po more meaning by the sea or on the sea 1 Contents 1 History 2 Area and counties 3 Main cities 4 German minority 5 Voivodes 6 Notes 7 ReferencesHistory editThis was a unit of administration and local government in the Republic of Poland II Rzeczpospolita established in 1919 after World War I from the majority of the Prussian province of West Prussia made out of territories taken in Partitions of Poland which was returned to Poland Torun was the capital In 1938 1939 the voivodeship extended to the south at the expense of Poznan Voivodeship and Warsaw Voivodeship and was called Great Pomerania afterwards see Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on April 1 1938 During World War II it was occupied by Nazi Germany and unilaterally annexed as Reichsgau Danzig Westpreussen Reich province of Danzig West Prussia Poles and Jews were classified as untermenschen by German authorities and their intended fate slavery and extermination In 1945 the region was returned to Poland In 1945 out of its northern territory the new voivodeship of Gdansk was formed including annexed territories of the Free City of Danzig and of German Prussian Province of Pomerania and German Prussian Province of East Prussia The bulk of the old voivodeship was enlarged by annexed territories of the German Prussian Province of Pomerania and later renamed into Bydgoszcz voivodeship In the years 1975 1998 it was reorganized into the voivodeships of Gdansk Elblag Bydgoszcz Torun and Wloclawek Area and counties editBetween April 1 1938 and September 1 1939 the Voivodeship s area was 25 683 km2 and its population 1 884 400 according to the 1931 census It consisted of 28 powiats counties 64 cities and 234 villages Railroad density was high with 11 4 km per 100 km2 total length of railroads within the Voivodeship s area was 1 887 km second in the whole country Forests covered 26 7 of the voivodeship which was higher than the national average in 1937 the average was 22 2 Pomorskie Voivodeship was one of the richest and best developed in interwar Poland With numerous cities and well developed rail it also provided the country with access to the Baltic Sea Only 8 3 of population was illiterate which was much lower than the national average of 23 1 as for 1931 Poles made up majority of population 88 After World War I the number of Germans was 117 251 in 1926 and 107 555 in 1934 2 As of 1931 10 1 of the populace were ethnic Germans and 1 6 Jews This is the list of the Pomorskie Voivodeship counties as of August 31 1939 nbsp Administrative division of the Voivodeship in 1938 Brodnica county area 913 km2 pop 56 300 city of Bydgoszcz county area 75 km2 pop 117 200 Bydgoszcz county area 1 334 km2 pop 58 100 Chelmno county area 738 km2 pop 52 800 Chojnice county area 1 854 km2 pop 76 900 city of Gdynia county area 66 km2 pop 38 600 city of Grudziadz county area 28 km2 pop 54 000 Grudziadz county area 758 km2 pop 42 800 city of Inowroclaw county area 37 km2 pop 34 400 Inowroclaw county area 1 267 km2 pop 67 500 Kartuzy county area 1 302 km2 pop 68 700 Koscierzyna county area 1 162 km2 pop 51 700 Lipno county area 1 535 km2 pop 104 500 Lubawa county area 833 km2 pop 53 600 Nieszawa county area 1 278 km2 pop 117 900 Rypin county area 1 188 km2 pop 84 900 Sepolno Krajenskie county area 681 km2 pop 31 600 Starogard Gdanski county area 1 127 km2 pop 71 800 Szubin county area 917 km2 pop 47 800 Swiecie county area 1 533 km2 pop 88 000 Tczew county area 716 km2 pop 67 400 city of Torun county area 59 km2 pop 61 900 Torun county area 864 km2 pop 52 300 Tuchola county area 1 039 km2 pop 41 200 Maritime County area 673 km2 pop 49 900 Wejherowo county area 1 281 km2 pop 79 900 Wloclawek county area 1 325 km2 pop 147 800 Wyrzysk county area 1 101 km2 pop 64 900 Main cities editBiggest cities of the Voivodeship were data according to the 1931 Polish census Bydgoszcz pop 117 200 since 1938 Torun pop 61 900 the capital Wloclawek pop 56 000 since 1938 Grudziadz pop 54 000 Gdynia pop 38 600 Inowroclaw pop 34 400 since 1938 Tczew pop 22 500 Chojnice pop 14 100 German minority editAccording to Polish census figures the German minority in 1921 counted 18 8 of the overall population with 175 771 Germans still remaining in Polish areas while in 1931 it counted 9 6 104 992 Germans remaining 3 Other more detailed estimates below County German name in brackets 4 ethnic German population 1926 ethnic German population 1934 Koscierzyna Berent 6 884 5 974Wabrzezno Briesen 7 615 7 344Chelmno Culm 7 905 7 673Tczew Dirschau Gniew Mewe Swiecie Schwetz 20 446 17 571Grudziadz Graudenz town 3 542 3 875Grudziadz Graudenz district 9 317 8 190Kartuzy Karthaus 4 800 3 927Chojnice Konitz 9 022 8 070Lubawa Lobau 2 078 1 689Wejherowo Neustadt Puck Putzig 6 556 6 305Starogard Gdanski Pr Stargard 2 909 3 418Torun Thorn town 2 255 2 057Torun Thorn district 7 107 6 738Tuchola Tuchel 3 170 2 861Sepolno Krajenskie Zempelburg 10 866 11 130Pomeranian Voivodship total 117 251 107 555Voivodes editStefan Laszewski 19 October 1919 2 July 1920 Jan Brejski 2 July 1920 24 March 1924 Stanislaw Wachowiak 24 October 1924 August 1926 Mieczyslaw Seydlitz August 1926 October 1926 Kazimierz Mlodzianowski 12 October 1926 4 July 1928 Wiktor Wrona Lamot 28 August 1928 18 November 1931 Stefan Kirtiklis 18 November 1931 14 July 1936 Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz 16 July 1936 30 September 1939Notes edit Der Name Pommern po more ist slawischer Herkunft und bedeutet so viel wie Land am Meer Pommersches Landesmuseum German Kotowski Albert S 1998 Polens Politik gegenuber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919 1939 in German Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa University of Dortmund p 55 ISBN 3 447 03997 3 Anna M Kotowski Albert S 1998 Polens Politik gegenuber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919 1939 in German Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa University of Dortmund p 55 ISBN 3 447 03997 3 References editMaly rocznik statystyczny 1939 Nakladem Glownego Urzedu Statystycznego Warszawa 1939 Concise Statistical Year Book of Poland Warsaw 1939 53 00 41 N 18 36 25 E 53 011288 N 18 606882 E 53 011288 18 606882 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919 1939 amp oldid 1183755902, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
