Political fragmentation is the fragmentation of the political landscape into different parties and groups, which makes it difficult to deliver effective governance.[1] Political fragmentation can apply to political parties, political groups or other political organisations.
Scholars, journalists and politicians have theorized about a number of potential effects of political fragmentation. For example, it has been argued that higher fragmentation allows voters to better represent their political spectrum of political positions. The length of government coalition formation has also been argued to increase with number of parties and decreases with preexisting political groups.[3] The strength of these effects has been hypothesized to depend on whether it is the government or the opposition that are fragmented.[4] However, the political fragmentation of parliaments has little causal effect on a number of dimensions of the quality of democracy.[5]
The veto player theory predicts that higher fragmentation relates to gridlock,[6] while other literature does not observe increased gridlock.[7]
Prediction of political fragmentationedit
The political fragmentation, represented by effective number of parties, is roughly estimated with the seat product model,[8][9] and increases with district magnitude and assembly size. The Duverger's law predicts majoritarian elections with district magnitude of one favor a two-party system and proportional representation increases the number of parties. In proportional representation, higher electoral thresholds reduce number of parties represented while increasing wasted vote. Fragmentation tends to moves toward an equilibrium, regardless of the type of voting system.[10]
Referencesedit
^Pildes, Richard H. (2019). "The Age of Political Fragmentation".
^"Election indices dataset, Gallagher, Michael, 2021".
^Ecker, Alejandro; Meyer, Thomas M. (2020). "Coalition Bargaining Duration in Multiparty Democracies". British Journal of Political Science. 50: 261–280. doi:10.1017/S0007123417000539. S2CID 158378332.
^Meka, Eltion (2022). "How much opposition? Political fragmentation and changes in democracy". Contemporary Politics. 28 (5): 517–538. doi:10.1080/13569775.2021.2015086. S2CID 245459910.
^Valentim, Vicente; Dinas, Elias (2024). "Does Party-System Fragmentation Affect the Quality of Democracy?". British Journal of Political Science. 54: 152–178. doi:10.1017/S0007123423000157. S2CID 236793765.
^Tsebelis, G. (15 September 2002). Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton University Press. ISBN9780691099897.
^McGann, Anthony J.; Latner, Michael (2013). "The Calculus of Consensus Democracy". Comparative Political Studies. 46 (7): 823–850. doi:10.1177/0010414012463883. S2CID 154367801.
^Taagepera, Rein (2007). "Predicting Party Sizes". Oxford University Press
^Li, Yuhui; Shugart, Matthew S. (2016). "The Seat Product Model of the effective number of parties: A case for applied political science". Electoral Studies. 41: 23–34. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.10.011.
^Coleman, Stephen (1995). "Dynamics in the fragmentation of political party systems". Quality & Quantity. 29 (2): 141–155. doi:10.1007/BF01101895. S2CID 153425524.
April 11, 2024
political, fragmentation, fragmentation, political, landscape, into, different, parties, groups, which, makes, difficult, deliver, effective, governance, apply, political, parties, political, groups, other, political, organisations, contents, measures, politic. Political fragmentation is the fragmentation of the political landscape into different parties and groups which makes it difficult to deliver effective governance 1 Political fragmentation can apply to political parties political groups or other political organisations Contents 1 Measures of political fragmentation 2 Effects of political fragmentation 3 Prediction of political fragmentation 4 ReferencesMeasures of political fragmentation editOne aspect of political fragmentation can be measured by effective number of parties 2 Effects of political fragmentation editScholars journalists and politicians have theorized about a number of potential effects of political fragmentation For example it has been argued that higher fragmentation allows voters to better represent their political spectrum of political positions The length of government coalition formation has also been argued to increase with number of parties and decreases with preexisting political groups 3 The strength of these effects has been hypothesized to depend on whether it is the government or the opposition that are fragmented 4 However the political fragmentation of parliaments has little causal effect on a number of dimensions of the quality of democracy 5 The veto player theory predicts that higher fragmentation relates to gridlock 6 while other literature does not observe increased gridlock 7 Prediction of political fragmentation editThe political fragmentation represented by effective number of parties is roughly estimated with the seat product model 8 9 and increases with district magnitude and assembly size The Duverger s law predicts majoritarian elections with district magnitude of one favor a two party system and proportional representation increases the number of parties In proportional representation higher electoral thresholds reduce number of parties represented while increasing wasted vote Fragmentation tends to moves toward an equilibrium regardless of the type of voting system 10 References edit Pildes Richard H 2019 The Age of Political Fragmentation Election indices dataset Gallagher Michael 2021 Ecker Alejandro Meyer Thomas M 2020 Coalition Bargaining Duration in Multiparty Democracies British Journal of Political Science 50 261 280 doi 10 1017 S0007123417000539 S2CID 158378332 Meka Eltion 2022 How much opposition Political fragmentation and changes in democracy Contemporary Politics 28 5 517 538 doi 10 1080 13569775 2021 2015086 S2CID 245459910 Valentim Vicente Dinas Elias 2024 Does Party System Fragmentation Affect the Quality of Democracy British Journal of Political Science 54 152 178 doi 10 1017 S0007123423000157 S2CID 236793765 Tsebelis G 15 September 2002 Veto Players How Political Institutions Work Princeton University Press ISBN 9780691099897 McGann Anthony J Latner Michael 2013 The Calculus of Consensus Democracy Comparative Political Studies 46 7 823 850 doi 10 1177 0010414012463883 S2CID 154367801 Taagepera Rein 2007 Predicting Party Sizes Oxford University Press Li Yuhui Shugart Matthew S 2016 The Seat Product Model of the effective number of parties A case for applied political science Electoral Studies 41 23 34 doi 10 1016 j electstud 2015 10 011 Coleman Stephen 1995 Dynamics in the fragmentation of political party systems Quality amp Quantity 29 2 141 155 doi 10 1007 BF01101895 S2CID 153425524 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Political fragmentation amp oldid 1202556167, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
