The Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621) was a conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia. It ended with the Commonwealth withdrawing its claims on Moldavia and led to the eventual demise of the Sultan Osman II.[5]
Traditionally, Moldavia had been a subject of the Kingdom of Poland, and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. As the Ottoman influence grew in the 16th century, they had become more and more interested in the region. From the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, the magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, which the Ottoman Empire considered within its sphere of influence. Additionally, the Ottomans were aggravated by the constant raids of Cossacks, then nominally subjects of the Commonwealth, across the border into Ottoman territories. Another reason causing the war was the recent outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, and the request of support from the Protestant rebel leaders in Bohemia.
At the time, the Thirty Years' War was raging across Europe. Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania saw an opportunity to unite the two Hungarian principalities, Transylvania and Royal Hungary, and sacked Vienna in November 1619. He also asked Sultan Osman II for aid, but this was unsuccessful. The Commonwealth was relatively uninvolved in this war but the Polish king, Zygmunt III Waza, sent an elite and ruthless mercenary unit, the Lisowczycy, to aid his Habsburg allies. They defeated the Hungarian lord George Rákóczi at the Battle of Humenné in 1619, and thus, cut the supply lines of Transylvanian forces. Then Gaspar Graziani, ruler of Moldavia, switched sides and joined Poland.
Thus, the sultan agreed to help Bethlen, gathering a large Ottoman army with the intent of a punitive invasion of the Commonwealth.
In 1620, the Ottoman forces crushed the Commonwealth army at the Battle of Ţuţora (Cecora). The campaign was suspended for the winter but, in 1621, both sides resumed hostilities.
The Turks, following their victory in the Battle of Ţuţora, had high hopes of conquering Ukraine (then a part of Poland), and perhaps even toppling the Commonwealth entirely and reaching the Baltic Sea. This time, however, they were stopped by a Commonwealth army, aided by a large Cossack detachment, at the Battle of Khotyn. The 45,000 Poles and Cossacks were able to withstand an Ottoman army at least two times the size of the Commonwealth's army at Khotyn and deal severe losses to the Ottoman army throughout the month of September.[6] When the Polish cavalry rallied forth in October they broke the will of the besiegers and the Sultan sued for peace.[7] The ensuing peace treaty gave the Fortress of Khotyn to Moldavia as a Ottoman vassal, and the Commonwealth agreed to stop its interference in Moldavia. Both sides claimed victory, as the Commonwealth saw the battle of Khotyn as a successful stopping of the Ottoman invasion of its mainland and the Ottoman Empire achieved its goal of removing the impending threat on the Moldavian lands.
Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2000). Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th – 18th Century): An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents. Leiden – Boston –Köln: Brill.
External linksedit
Polish Warfare: 1618–1621 War with Turkey
(in Polish)
(in Polish)
"Battle of Khotyn / Chocim 1621" – movie produced on 400th anniversary of the battle.
January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Polish Ottoman War 1620 1621 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed February 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message Polish Ottoman War 1620 1621 Part of Polish Ottoman Wars and the Thirty Years WarFrom top left Death of Stanislaw Zolkiewski at Cecora Jan Karol Chodkiewicz at Khotyn Tatars in vanguard Treaty of KhotynDate1620 9 October 1621LocationMoldavia and Bukovina modern Ukraine ResultIndecisive Polish Lithuanian military victory Beneficial treaty in favor of the Ottoman Empire Janissary revolts Execution of Osman IITerritorialchangesTreaty of KhotynBelligerentsPoland Lithuania Registered CossacksMoldaviaOttoman Empire Crimean Khanate TransylvaniaCommanders and leadersStanislaw Zolkiewski Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Crown Prince VasaOsman II Guzelce Ali Pasha Ohrili Huseyin Pasha Abaza Mehmed PashaStrength25 000 1 Polish Lithuanian troops 20 000 Cossacks 1 120 000 160 000 Ottoman 2 and Tatar 13 000 Moldavian and Wallachian troops 3 Casualties and losses14 000 4 40 000 4 The Polish Ottoman War 1620 1621 was a conflict between the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia It ended with the Commonwealth withdrawing its claims on Moldavia and led to the eventual demise of the Sultan Osman II 5 Contents 1 Background 2 The war 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBackground editTraditionally Moldavia had been a subject of the Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth As the Ottoman influence grew in the 16th century they had become more and more interested in the region From the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century the magnates of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia which the Ottoman Empire considered within its sphere of influence Additionally the Ottomans were aggravated by the constant raids of Cossacks then nominally subjects of the Commonwealth across the border into Ottoman territories Another reason causing the war was the recent outbreak of the Thirty Years War and the request of support from the Protestant rebel leaders in Bohemia At the time the Thirty Years War was raging across Europe Gabriel Bethlen prince of Transylvania saw an opportunity to unite the two Hungarian principalities Transylvania and Royal Hungary and sacked Vienna in November 1619 He also asked Sultan Osman II for aid but this was unsuccessful The Commonwealth was relatively uninvolved in this war but the Polish king Zygmunt III Waza sent an elite and ruthless mercenary unit the Lisowczycy to aid his Habsburg allies They defeated the Hungarian lord George Rakoczi at the Battle of Humenne in 1619 and thus cut the supply lines of Transylvanian forces Then Gaspar Graziani ruler of Moldavia switched sides and joined Poland Thus the sultan agreed to help Bethlen gathering a large Ottoman army with the intent of a punitive invasion of the Commonwealth The war editMain article Battle of Khotyn 1621 In 1620 the Ottoman forces crushed the Commonwealth army at the Battle of Ţuţora Cecora The campaign was suspended for the winter but in 1621 both sides resumed hostilities The Turks following their victory in the Battle of Ţuţora had high hopes of conquering Ukraine then a part of Poland and perhaps even toppling the Commonwealth entirely and reaching the Baltic Sea This time however they were stopped by a Commonwealth army aided by a large Cossack detachment at the Battle of Khotyn The 45 000 Poles and Cossacks were able to withstand an Ottoman army at least two times the size of the Commonwealth s army at Khotyn and deal severe losses to the Ottoman army throughout the month of September 6 When the Polish cavalry rallied forth in October they broke the will of the besiegers and the Sultan sued for peace 7 The ensuing peace treaty gave the Fortress of Khotyn to Moldavia as a Ottoman vassal and the Commonwealth agreed to stop its interference in Moldavia Both sides claimed victory as the Commonwealth saw the battle of Khotyn as a successful stopping of the Ottoman invasion of its mainland and the Ottoman Empire achieved its goal of removing the impending threat on the Moldavian lands The Polish Ottoman border would remain relatively peaceful until the Polish Ottoman War 1633 34 and the Polish Ottoman War 1672 76 See also editMoldavian Magnate WarsNotes edit a b Frost Robert I 2004 After the Deluge Poland Lithuania and the Second Northern War 1655 1660 Cambridge University Press p 13 Encyklopedya polska Nakl Polskiej Akademii Umiejetnosci skl gl w ksieg Gebethner i Wolff 11 April 2019 Podhorodecki Leszek 1988 Chocim 1621 Historyczne bitwy MON a b Brian Davies Warfare State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe 1500 1700 Routledge 2007 99 ISBN missing God s Playground The origins to 1795 by Norman Davies p Polish Renaissance Warfare Summary of Conflicts Part Four www jasinski co uk Retrieved 2022 07 08 Davies God s Playground A History of Poland v 1 1981 References edit in Polish Wojny polsko tureckie Encyklopedia WIEM Kolodziejczyk Dariusz 2000 Ottoman Polish Diplomatic Relations 15th 18th Century An Annotated Edition of Ahdnames and Other Documents Leiden Boston Koln Brill External links editPolish Warfare 1618 1621 War with Turkey in Polish Wojna 1620 1621 in Polish Wojny Polsko Tureckie W Pierwszej Pollowie XVII Wieku Battle of Khotyn Chocim 1621 movie produced on 400th anniversary of the battle Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polish Ottoman War 1620 1621 amp oldid 1213222949, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
