The Point Peninsula complex was an indigenous culture located in Ontario and New York from 600 BCE to 700 CE (during the Middle Woodland period).[1] Point Peninsula ceramics were first introduced into Canada around 600 BCE then spread south into parts of New England around 200 BCE.[2] Some time between 300 BCE and 1 CE, Point Peninsula pottery first appeared in Maine, and "over the entire Maritime Peninsula." Little evidence exists to show that it was derived from the earlier, thicker pottery, known as Vinette I, Adena Thick, etc...[3] Point Peninsula pottery represented a new kind of technology in North America and has also been called Vinette II. Compared to existing ceramics that were thicker and less decorated, this new pottery has been characterized by "superior modeling of the clay with vessels being thinner, better fired and containing finer grit temper."[4] Where this new pottery technology originated is not known for sure. The origin of this pottery is "somewhat of a problem."[5] The people are thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley. This influence seems to have ended about 250 CE, after which they no longer practiced burial ceremonialism.[6]
The Hopewell exchange system began in the Ohio and Illinois River valleys about 300 BCE. The culture is referred to more as a system of interaction among a variety of societies than as a single society or culture. Hopewell trading networks were quite extensive, with obsidian from the Yellowstone area, copper from Lake Superior, and shells from the Gulf Coast. In some areas Point Peninsula people buried some of their dead in mortuary mounds. Interred with the dead were exotic grave goods, including copper and silver pan pipes, marine shell gorgets, and exotic cherts. The exotic goods among the burials may provide evidence for inherited status differentiation among Point Peninsula groups.[6] Pan pipes, which have been found in burial mounds from Florida to Minnesota, considered to be a diagnostic trait within the Hopewell inventory, appear suddenly in North America around 200 BCE, then disappear as do certain other Hopewell traits, around 400 CE.[7] Found mostly in the United States, nine pan pipes curiously appear in the LeVesconte mound, a Point Peninsula site located in Campbellford, Ontario. Though the Hopewell interaction sphere generally is confined to the United States, much of the silver found in mound artifacts, such as pan pipes, actually comes from Cobalt, Ontario, far up the Ottawa River.[8]
Point Peninsula complexedit
The Point Peninsula people of the Middle Woodland period lived by hunting and gathering, supplemented by agriculture. Around 900 CE, Point Peninsula artifacts in New York were replaced by Owasco culture artifacts. However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture.[9] Archaeologists believe these indicated the presence of Clemson Island peoples' spreading northward and intermingling with the Point Peninsula complex through the years of 1300.
The Owasco peoples practiced different pottery techniques and were more sedentary agriculturalists than the Point Peninsula people. They cultivated a variety of types of maize, squash, and eventually beans, and lived in larger villages of several hundred to a thousand people. Warfare was prevalent, as is shown by archeology. The people built fortified villages, but many still died violently. Gradually, smaller bands and tribes formed into larger groups. The Owasco are thought to have eventually developed into the several Iroquoian-speaking nations of Pennsylvania and New York. The Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy likely formed in an effort to avoid the continual warfare of years past.[10]
^Fiedel, Stuart (1987). "Algonquian Origins: A Problem in Archaeological-Linguistic Correlation". Archaeology of Eastern North America. 15 (Fall): 5.
^Bourque, Bruce (2001). Twelve Thousand Years American Indians in Maine. pg. 76, 79: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 368.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Wright, J.V. (1999). A History of the Native People of Canada. pg. 633: Canadian Museum of Civilization. p. 1184. ISBN0-660-15952-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Wright, J.V (1972). Ontario Prehistory. pg 44: National Museums of Canada. pp. 120.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ ab. Archived from the original on 2009-07-15. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
^Turff, Gina (1996). A Synthesis of Middle Woodland: Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America. Peterborough,Ontario: Trent University. pp. i.
^Turff, Gina (1996). A Synthesis of Middle Woodland: Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America. Peterborough,Ontario: Trent University. pp. 75–77.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Archeology in the County", Prince Edward County, Ontario, accessed 24 Feb 2010
External linksedit
Radiocarbon Dating the Middle to Late Woodland Transition and Earliest Maize in Southern Ontario, University of Toronto
January 01, 1970
point, peninsula, complex, indigenous, culture, located, ontario, york, from, during, middle, woodland, period, point, peninsula, ceramics, were, first, introduced, into, canada, around, then, spread, south, into, parts, england, around, some, time, between, p. The Point Peninsula complex was an indigenous culture located in Ontario and New York from 600 BCE to 700 CE during the Middle Woodland period 1 Point Peninsula ceramics were first introduced into Canada around 600 BCE then spread south into parts of New England around 200 BCE 2 Some time between 300 BCE and 1 CE Point Peninsula pottery first appeared in Maine and over the entire Maritime Peninsula Little evidence exists to show that it was derived from the earlier thicker pottery known as Vinette I Adena Thick etc 3 Point Peninsula pottery represented a new kind of technology in North America and has also been called Vinette II Compared to existing ceramics that were thicker and less decorated this new pottery has been characterized by superior modeling of the clay with vessels being thinner better fired and containing finer grit temper 4 Where this new pottery technology originated is not known for sure The origin of this pottery is somewhat of a problem 5 The people are thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley This influence seems to have ended about 250 CE after which they no longer practiced burial ceremonialism 6 Point Peninsula complexPoint Peninsula and Saugeen complexesPeriodMiddle WoodlandDates600 BCE 700 CE Contents 1 Hopewell interaction sphere 2 Point Peninsula complex 2 1 Serpent Mounds Park 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHopewell interaction sphere editThe Hopewell exchange system began in the Ohio and Illinois River valleys about 300 BCE The culture is referred to more as a system of interaction among a variety of societies than as a single society or culture Hopewell trading networks were quite extensive with obsidian from the Yellowstone area copper from Lake Superior and shells from the Gulf Coast In some areas Point Peninsula people buried some of their dead in mortuary mounds Interred with the dead were exotic grave goods including copper and silver pan pipes marine shell gorgets and exotic cherts The exotic goods among the burials may provide evidence for inherited status differentiation among Point Peninsula groups 6 Pan pipes which have been found in burial mounds from Florida to Minnesota considered to be a diagnostic trait within the Hopewell inventory appear suddenly in North America around 200 BCE then disappear as do certain other Hopewell traits around 400 CE 7 Found mostly in the United States nine pan pipes curiously appear in the LeVesconte mound a Point Peninsula site located in Campbellford Ontario Though the Hopewell interaction sphere generally is confined to the United States much of the silver found in mound artifacts such as pan pipes actually comes from Cobalt Ontario far up the Ottawa River 8 Point Peninsula complex editThe Point Peninsula people of the Middle Woodland period lived by hunting and gathering supplemented by agriculture Around 900 CE Point Peninsula artifacts in New York were replaced by Owasco culture artifacts However a 2011 paper by archaeologist John P Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture 9 Archaeologists believe these indicated the presence of Clemson Island peoples spreading northward and intermingling with the Point Peninsula complex through the years of 1300 The Owasco peoples practiced different pottery techniques and were more sedentary agriculturalists than the Point Peninsula people They cultivated a variety of types of maize squash and eventually beans and lived in larger villages of several hundred to a thousand people Warfare was prevalent as is shown by archeology The people built fortified villages but many still died violently Gradually smaller bands and tribes formed into larger groups The Owasco are thought to have eventually developed into the several Iroquoian speaking nations of Pennsylvania and New York The Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy likely formed in an effort to avoid the continual warfare of years past 10 Some important sites are the Rice Lake Lower Trent River area including the Serpent Mounds Park Cameron s Point and LeVescounte Mounds in Prince Edward County 11 Serpent Mounds Park edit The Serpent Mounds Park at Rice Lake was occupied during the prehistoric Middle Woodland period The burial mound was shaped like a giant snake See also editLewiston Mound Hopewell tradition List of Hopewell sites Mound builder people Effigy mound Earthwork archaeology Princess Point complexReferences edit Middle Woodlanmd Natives Retrieved 2009 10 08 Fiedel Stuart 1987 Algonquian Origins A Problem in Archaeological Linguistic Correlation Archaeology of Eastern North America 15 Fall 5 Bourque Bruce 2001 Twelve Thousand Years American Indians in Maine pg 76 79 University of Nebraska Press pp 368 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Wright J V 1999 A History of the Native People of Canada pg 633 Canadian Museum of Civilization p 1184 ISBN 0 660 15952 X a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Wright J V 1972 Ontario Prehistory pg 44 National Museums of Canada pp 120 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link a b The Archaeology of Ontario The Middle Woodland Period Archived from the original on 2009 07 15 Retrieved 2009 07 10 Turff Gina 1996 A Synthesis of Middle Woodland Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America Peterborough Ontario Trent University pp i Turff Gina 1996 A Synthesis of Middle Woodland Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America Peterborough Ontario Trent University pp 75 77 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2014 11 29 Retrieved 2014 11 14 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Miller Randall M 2002 Pennsylvania a history of the Commonwealth Pennsylvania State University Press pp 20 23 ISBN 978 0 271 02214 7 Archeology in the County Prince Edward County Ontario accessed 24 Feb 2010External links editRadiocarbon Dating the Middle to Late Woodland Transition and Earliest Maize in Southern Ontario University of Toronto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Point Peninsula complex amp oldid 1150662505, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
