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Platinum-based antineoplastic

August 22, 2023

Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (informally called platins) are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. Their active moieties are coordination complexes of platinum. These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy, commonly used drugs include cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, but several have been proposed or are under development.[1] Addition of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs to chemoradiation in women with early cervical cancer seems to improve survival and reduce risk of recurrence.[2]

In total, these drugs can cause a combination of more than 40 specific side effects which include neurotoxicity, which is manifested by peripheral neuropathies including polyneuropathy.[3]

Mechanism of action

As studied mainly on cisplatin, but presumably for other members as well, platinum-based antineoplastic agents cause crosslinking of DNA as monoadduct, interstrand crosslinks, intrastrand crosslinks or DNA protein crosslinks. Mostly they act on the adjacent N-7 position of guanine, forming a 1, 2 intrastrand crosslink.[4][5] The resultant crosslinking inhibits DNA repair and/or DNA synthesis.

Platinum-based antineoplastic agents are sometimes described as "alkylating-like" due to similar effects as alkylating antineoplastic agents, although they do not have an alkyl group.[6]

Examples

Strategies for improving platinum-based anticancer drugs usually involve changes in the neutral spectator ligands, changes in the nature of the anions (halides vs various carboxylates), or changes in the oxidation state of the metal (Pt(II) vs Pt(IV)). Nanotechnology has been explored to deliver platinum more efficiently in the case of lipoplatin, which is introduced into the tumor sites thereby reducing the chance of toxicity.[7]

Cisplatin was the first to be developed.[8] Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer; the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%.[9] Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma - again, up to around 85%. [10] This application of cisplatin was developed by pediatric oncologist Roger Packer in the early 1980s. [11]


References

  1. ^ a b Johnstone, TC; Park, GY; Lippard, SJ (2014). "Understanding and improving platinum anticancer drugs--phenanthriplatin". Anticancer Res. 34 (1): 471–6. PMC 3937549. PMID 24403503.
  2. ^ Falcetta, FS; Medeiros, LR; Edelweiss, MI; Pohlmann, PR; Stein, AT; Rosa, DD (22 November 2016). "Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11: CD005342. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005342.pub4. PMC 4164460. PMID 27873308.
  3. ^ Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ (2018). "The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists". Dalton Transactions. 47 (19): 6645–6653. doi:10.1039/c8dt00838h. PMID 29632935.
  4. ^ Poklar N, Pilch DS, Lippard SJ, Redding EA, Dunham SU, Breslauer KJ (July 1996). "Influence of cisplatin intrastrand crosslinking on the conformation, thermal stability, and energetics of a 20-mer DNA duplex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (15): 7606–11. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.7606P. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7606. PMC 38793. PMID 8755522.
  5. ^ Rudd GN, Hartley JA, Souhami RL (1995). "Persistence of cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly and young individuals". Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 35 (4): 323–6. doi:10.1007/BF00689452. PMID 7828275. S2CID 24036376.
  6. ^ Cruet-Hennequart S, Glynn MT, Murillo LS, Coyne S, Carty MP (April 2008). "Enhanced DNA-PK-mediated RPA2 hyperphosphorylation in DNA polymerase eta-deficient human cells treated with cisplatin and oxaliplatin". DNA Repair. 7 (4): 582–96. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.12.012. PMID 18289945.
  7. ^ Johnstone, Timothy C.; Suntharalingam, Kogularamanan; Lippard, Stephen J. (2016). "The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs". Chemical Reviews. 116 (5): 3436–3486. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597. ISSN 0009-2665. PMC 4792284. PMID 26865551.
  8. ^ Kelland, L. (2007). "The resurgence of platinum-based cancer chemotherapy". Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (8): 573–584. doi:10.1038/nrc2167. PMID 17625587. S2CID 205468214.
  9. ^ Einhorn LH. (1 November 1990). "Treatment of testicular cancer: a new and improved model". J. Clin. Oncol. 8 (11): 1777–81. doi:10.1200/JCO.1990.8.11.1777. PMID 1700077.
  10. ^ Packer, R. (1994). "Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy". Journal of Neurosurgery. 81 (5): 690–698. doi:10.3171/jns.1994.81.5.0690. PMID 7931615.
  11. ^ Packer, R. (1994). "Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy". Journal of Neurosurgery. 81 (5): 690–698. doi:10.3171/jns.1994.81.5.0690. PMID 7931615.

August 22, 2023
platinum, based, antineoplastic, drugs, informally, called, platins, chemotherapeutic, agents, used, treat, cancer, their, active, moieties, coordination, complexes, platinum, these, drugs, used, treat, almost, half, people, receiving, chemotherapy, cancer, th. Platinum based antineoplastic drugs informally called platins are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer Their active moieties are coordination complexes of platinum These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer In this form of chemotherapy commonly used drugs include cisplatin oxaliplatin and carboplatin but several have been proposed or are under development 1 Addition of platinum based chemotherapy drugs to chemoradiation in women with early cervical cancer seems to improve survival and reduce risk of recurrence 2 In total these drugs can cause a combination of more than 40 specific side effects which include neurotoxicity which is manifested by peripheral neuropathies including polyneuropathy 3 Mechanism of action EditAs studied mainly on cisplatin but presumably for other members as well platinum based antineoplastic agents cause crosslinking of DNA as monoadduct interstrand crosslinks intrastrand crosslinks or DNA protein crosslinks Mostly they act on the adjacent N 7 position of guanine forming a 1 2 intrastrand crosslink 4 5 The resultant crosslinking inhibits DNA repair and or DNA synthesis Platinum based antineoplastic agents are sometimes described as alkylating like due to similar effects as alkylating antineoplastic agents although they do not have an alkyl group 6 Examples EditStrategies for improving platinum based anticancer drugs usually involve changes in the neutral spectator ligands changes in the nature of the anions halides vs various carboxylates or changes in the oxidation state of the metal Pt II vs Pt IV Nanotechnology has been explored to deliver platinum more efficiently in the case of lipoplatin which is introduced into the tumor sites thereby reducing the chance of toxicity 7 Cisplatin was the first to be developed 8 Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer the cure rate was improved from 10 to 85 9 Similarly the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma again up to around 85 10 This application of cisplatin was developed by pediatric oncologist Roger Packer in the early 1980s 11 Approved platinum based anticancer drugs cisplatin carboplatin oxaliplatin nedaplatinPlatinum based anticancer drugs in trials triplatin tetranitrate phenanthriplatin a proposed new anticancer drug 1 picoplatin which remains in trials satraplatinReferences Edit a b Johnstone TC Park GY Lippard SJ 2014 Understanding and improving platinum anticancer drugs phenanthriplatin Anticancer Res 34 1 471 6 PMC 3937549 PMID 24403503 Falcetta FS Medeiros LR Edelweiss MI Pohlmann PR Stein AT Rosa DD 22 November 2016 Adjuvant platinum based chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11 CD005342 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD005342 pub4 PMC 4164460 PMID 27873308 Oun R Moussa YE Wheate NJ 2018 The side effects of platinum based chemotherapy drugs a review for chemists Dalton Transactions 47 19 6645 6653 doi 10 1039 c8dt00838h PMID 29632935 Poklar N Pilch DS Lippard SJ Redding EA Dunham SU Breslauer KJ July 1996 Influence of cisplatin intrastrand crosslinking on the conformation thermal stability and energetics of a 20 mer DNA duplex Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 15 7606 11 Bibcode 1996PNAS 93 7606P doi 10 1073 pnas 93 15 7606 PMC 38793 PMID 8755522 Rudd GN Hartley JA Souhami RL 1995 Persistence of cisplatin induced DNA interstrand crosslinking in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly and young individuals Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 35 4 323 6 doi 10 1007 BF00689452 PMID 7828275 S2CID 24036376 Cruet Hennequart S Glynn MT Murillo LS Coyne S Carty MP April 2008 Enhanced DNA PK mediated RPA2 hyperphosphorylation in DNA polymerase eta deficient human cells treated with cisplatin and oxaliplatin DNA Repair 7 4 582 96 doi 10 1016 j dnarep 2007 12 012 PMID 18289945 Johnstone Timothy C Suntharalingam Kogularamanan Lippard Stephen J 2016 The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs Targeted Pt II Agents Nanoparticle Delivery and Pt IV Prodrugs Chemical Reviews 116 5 3436 3486 doi 10 1021 acs chemrev 5b00597 ISSN 0009 2665 PMC 4792284 PMID 26865551 Kelland L 2007 The resurgence of platinum based cancer chemotherapy Nature Reviews Cancer 7 8 573 584 doi 10 1038 nrc2167 PMID 17625587 S2CID 205468214 Einhorn LH 1 November 1990 Treatment of testicular cancer a new and improved model J Clin Oncol 8 11 1777 81 doi 10 1200 JCO 1990 8 11 1777 PMID 1700077 Packer R 1994 Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin CCNU and vincristine chemotherapy Journal of Neurosurgery 81 5 690 698 doi 10 3171 jns 1994 81 5 0690 PMID 7931615 Packer R 1994 Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin CCNU and vincristine chemotherapy Journal of Neurosurgery 81 5 690 698 doi 10 3171 jns 1994 81 5 0690 PMID 7931615 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Platinum based antineoplastic amp oldid 1158915747, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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