Pison is a cosmopolitangenus of wasps within the family Crabronidae. The genus comprises 145 described species, although many species, especially in South America remain undescribed.[2]
Pison
A wasp of the genus Pison gathering water for nest construction.
The genus is found throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world, but does not extend into the more northerly temperate regions. Most species occur in the Southern Hemisphere, with a third of species occurring in Australia.[2] This distribution pattern has been thought to indicate that the genus was once much larger, and has declined in the face of competition with more competitive wasp genera, leaving the genus largely concentrated in geographically-isolated regions.[3]
The habit of many species of building nests in holes in wood, keyholes, and similar situations has led to a number of species being distributed widely by ships and aircraft. Several species, including P. argentatum and P. iridipenne are of uncertain native distribution, having been dispersed by humans in antiquity.[3][2]
Biologyedit
Pison wasps raise their young on a diet of living, but paralysed, spiders. Spiders are collected by adult females, paralysed by means of a sting, and an egg is laid on the spider or spiders before they are sealed into a chamber constructed by the female. The paralysed spiders do not decay, and upon hatching the wasp larva eats the spider, before pupating and emerging from the chamber as an adult.[3][2][4]
While many species construct large mud nests in sheltered situations such as caves or tree hollows, other species make use of natural cavities such as hollow plant stems, beetle burrows, or abandoned bird nests, while still others dig their own nesting tunnels. Typically, multiple spiders-and-egg cells will be placed adjacent to one another in a larger nesting structure. Each cell is sealed off from adjoining eggs with mud or dung pellets. This sealing off of the young from each other is probably done to prevent competition and ensure that each young obtains sufficient food.[3][2]
Species and other subtaxaedit
At one time the genusPison was divided into the subgeneraPison, Pisonoides, Krombeiniellum, and Entomopison.[5] These were later discarded in favor of species groups including (for the Americas):[5]
^Spinola, Massimiliano; Gravier, Yves (1806). "XCI Alyson ater". Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola, adjecto catalogo specierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum, quae in eadem regione passim occurrunt (in French). sumptibus auctoris. OCLC 229921216. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
^ abcdeBohart, Richard Mitchell, and Arnold S. Menke. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. University of California Press, 1976.
^ abcdTurner, Rowland E. "29. Notes On The Wasps Of The Genus Pison, And Some Allied Genera." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. 86. No. 4. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 1916.
^"Pison the spider hunter". myrmecos.net. 10 April 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
^ abMenke, Arnold S. (1988). "Pison in the New World: a revision (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Trypoxylini)". Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 24 (3): 1–171. ASIN B000721IBQ. ISSN 0569-4450. OCLC 715120981.
^ abc"Pison" (PDF). Catalog of Sphecidae. San Francisco, CA: California Academy of Sciences. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
March 17, 2024
pison, biblical, river, pishon, cosmopolitan, genus, wasps, within, family, crabronidae, genus, comprises, described, species, although, many, species, especially, south, america, remain, undescribed, wasp, genus, gathering, water, nest, construction, scientif. For the biblical river see Pishon Pison is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps within the family Crabronidae The genus comprises 145 described species although many species especially in South America remain undescribed 2 PisonA wasp of the genus Pison gathering water for nest construction Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HymenopteraFamily CrabronidaeTribe TrypoxyliniGenus PisonSpinola 1808 1 SpeciesSee text Contents 1 Distribution 2 Biology 3 Species and other subtaxa 3 1 Accepted species 3 2 Pison nomina nuda 3 3 Species previously in Pison 4 ReferencesDistribution editThe genus is found throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world but does not extend into the more northerly temperate regions Most species occur in the Southern Hemisphere with a third of species occurring in Australia 2 This distribution pattern has been thought to indicate that the genus was once much larger and has declined in the face of competition with more competitive wasp genera leaving the genus largely concentrated in geographically isolated regions 3 The habit of many species of building nests in holes in wood keyholes and similar situations has led to a number of species being distributed widely by ships and aircraft Several species including P argentatum and P iridipenne are of uncertain native distribution having been dispersed by humans in antiquity 3 2 Biology editPison wasps raise their young on a diet of living but paralysed spiders Spiders are collected by adult females paralysed by means of a sting and an egg is laid on the spider or spiders before they are sealed into a chamber constructed by the female The paralysed spiders do not decay and upon hatching the wasp larva eats the spider before pupating and emerging from the chamber as an adult 3 2 4 While many species construct large mud nests in sheltered situations such as caves or tree hollows other species make use of natural cavities such as hollow plant stems beetle burrows or abandoned bird nests while still others dig their own nesting tunnels Typically multiple spiders and egg cells will be placed adjacent to one another in a larger nesting structure Each cell is sealed off from adjoining eggs with mud or dung pellets This sealing off of the young from each other is probably done to prevent competition and ensure that each young obtains sufficient food 3 2 Species and other subtaxa editAt one time the genus Pison was divided into the subgenera Pison Pisonoides Krombeiniellum and Entomopison 5 These were later discarded in favor of species groups including for the Americas 5 Conforme Fritzi Eremnon Delicatum Agile Stangei Krombeini Euryops Cressoni Chilense Convexifrons Pilosum Accepted species edit The following species are accepted as of 21 February 2018 update 6 Pison antiquum Antropov and Pulawski 1996 Pison argentatum Shuckard 1838 Pison ashmeadi R Turner 1916 Pison assimile Sickmann 1894 Pison atripenne Gussakovskij ru 1938 Pison atrum Spinola 1808 Pison auratum Shuckard 1838 Pison aureosericeum Rohwer 1915 Pison aurifex F Smith 1869 Pison auriventre R Turner 1908 Pison baguione Tsuneki 1983 Pison barbatum Evans 1981 Pison basale F Smith 1869 Pison biroi Tsuneki 1983 Pison bismarckianum Tsuneki 1982 Pison brasilium Menke 1988 Pison browni Ashmead 1905 Pison cameronii Kohl 1893 Pison carinatum R Turner 1917 Pison chilense Spinola 1851 Pison chrysops Menke 1988 Pison chrysoptilum Antropov 1994 Pison ciliatum Evans 1981 Pison cockerellae Rohwer 1908 Pison collare Kohl 1884 Pison conforme F Smith 1869 Pison congener R Turner 1916 Pison cressoni Rohwer 1911 Pison decipiens F Smith 1869 Pison delicatum Menke 1988 Pison dementia Menke 1988 Pison denticeps Cameron 1910 Pison deperditum R Turner 1917 Pison differens R Turner 1916 Pison difficile Turner 1908 Pison dimidiatum F Smith 1869 Pison dives R Turner 1916 Pison doggonum Menke 1988 Pison duckei Menke 1968 Pison electrum Antropov and Pulawski 1989 Pison eocenicum Nel 2005 Pison erebus Menke 1988 Pison eremnon Menke 1968 Pison erimaense Tsuneki 1983 Pison erythrocerum Kohl 1885 Pison erythrogastrum Rohwer 1915 Pison erythropus Kohl 1884 Pison esakii Yasumatsu ja 1937 Pison eu Menke 1988 Pison euryops Menke 1988 Pison exclusum R Turner 1916 Pison exornatum R Turner 1916 Pison exultans R Turner 1916 Pison eyvae Menke 1988 Pison fasciatum Radoszkowski 1876 Pison fenestratum F Smith 1869 Pison festivum F Smith 1869 Pison fraterculus R Turner 1916 Pison fritzi Menke 1988 Pison fuscipenne F Smith 1869 Pison glabrum Kohl 1908 Pison glyptum Zhang 1989 Pison hahadzimaense Tsuneki 1984 Pison hissaricum Gussakovskij ru 1937 Pison hospes F Smith 1879 Pison huonense Tsuneki 1983 Pison icarioides Turner 1908 Pison ignavum R Turner 1908 Pison impunctatum R Turner 1912 Pison inaequale R Turner 1916 Pison inconspicuum R Turner 1916 Pison infumatum R Turner 1908 Pison insigne Sickmann 1894 Pison insulare F Smith 1869 Pison iridipenne F Smith 1879 Pison irramulus T Li and Q Li 2011 Pison Kohlii Bingham 1897 Pison koreense Radoszkowski 1887 Pison korrorense Yasumatsu ja 1937 Pison krombeini Menke 1968 Pison laeve F Smith 1856 Pison larsoni Menke 1988 Pison lillo Menke 1988 Pison liupanshanense T Li and Q Li 2011 Pison lobiferum Arnold 1945 Pison lutescens R Turner 1916 Pison maculipenne F Smith 1860 Pison maculipenne F Smith 1873 Pison marginatum F Smith 1856 Pison mariannense Yasumatsu ja 1953 Pison martini Menke 1988 Pison melanocephalum R Turner 1908 Pison menkei Bennett and Engel 2008 Pison meridionale R Turner 1916 Pison mimicum Arnold 1945 Pison morosum F Smith 1856 Pison multistrigatum R Turner 1917 Pison neotropicum Menke 1968 Pison nigellum Krombein 1949 Pison ningyuenfuense Antropov 1994 Pison nitidum F Smith 1859 Pison noctulum R Turner 1908 Pison nogorombu Pulawski 1989 Pison nosferatu Menke 1988 Pison novabritanicae Tsuneki 1982 Pison novaguineanum Tsuneki 1983 Pison novocaledonicum Krombein 1949 Pison nozakae Tsuneki 1983 Pison oakleyi Krombein 1949 Pison obesum Arnold 1958 Pison obliquum F Smith 1856 Pison obliteratum F Smith 1858 Pison oligocenum Cockerell in Rohwer 1908 Pison orientale Cameron 1897 Pison pallidipalpe F Smith 1863 Pison papuanum W Schulz 1905 Pison pasteelsi Leclercq 1965 Pison peletieri Le Guillou nl 1841 Pison pentafasciatum Menke 1988 Pison perplexum F Smith 1856 Pison pertinax R Turner 1908 Pison petularum Leclercq 1965 Pison phthinylla Menke 1988 Pison pistillum Menke 1988 Pison plaumanni Menke 1968 Pison ponape Krombein 1949 Pison pregustum Leclercq 1965 Pison premunitum Leclercq 1965 Pison priscum R Turner 1916 Pison pulawskii Antropov 1994 Pison pulchrinum R Turner 1916 Pison punctifrons Shuckard 1838 Pison punctulatum Kohl 1884 Pison regale F Smith 1852 Pison repentinum Arnold 1940 Pison rothneyi Cameron 1897 Pison rufipes Shuckard 1838 Pison rufitarse Arnold 1944 Pison rugosum F Smith 1856 Pison sarawakense Cameron 1903 Pison scabrum R Turner 1908 Pison scruposum Arnold 1955 Pison separatum F Smith 1869 Pison sericeum Kohl 1888 Pison seyrigi Arnold 1945 Pison simillimum F Smith 1869 Pison simulans R Turner 1915 Pison sogdianum Gussakovskij ru 1937 Pison speculare R Turner 1911 Pison spinolae Shuckard 1838 Pison stangei Menke 1968 Pison strandi Yasumatsu ja 1935 Pison strenuum R Turner 1916 Pison strictifrons Vachal 1907 Pison strigulosum R Turner 1917 Pison susanae Cheesman 1955 Pison sylphe Menke 1988 Pison tahitense de Saussure 1867 Pison tenebrosum R Turner 1908 Pison testaceipes R Turner 1916 Pison tibiale F Smith 1869 Pison tosawai Yasumatsu ja 1935 Pison transvaalense Cameron 1910 Pison transversistriatum Simon Thomas 1993 Pison trukense Yasumatsu ja 1953 Pison ugandense Arnold 1955 Pison vechti Antropov 1994 Pison vestitum F Smith 1856 Pison virosum R Turner 1908 Pison wagneri Arnold 1932 Pison westwoodii Shuckard 1838 Pison woji Menke 1988 Pison wollastoni R Turner 1916 Pison xanthopus Brulle 1833 Pison nomina nuda edit The following are not officially described and have nomen nudum status 6 Pison aurifer de Saussure Pison punctatus AshmeadSpecies previously in Pison edit These species have been transferred from Pison to other genera 6 Entomopison alini Antropov 1996 Pisonopsis areolatum Spinola 1851 Entomopison aureofaciale Strand 1910 Aulacophilinus caliginosus R Turner 1908 Entomopison convexifrons Taschenberg 1870 Entomopison cooperi Menke 1988 Scapheutes flavopictum F Smith 1860 Entomopison gnythos Menke 1988 Scapheutes laetum F Smith 1860 Entomopison longicorne Menke 1988 Aulacophilinus mandibulatum R Turner 1916 Trypoxylonvaripes nasutum Tsuneki Entomopison oaxaca Menke 1988 Bothynostethus paraense Spinola 1851 Entomopison pilosum F Smith 1873 Aulacophilinus pyrrhicum Naumann 1990 Trypoxylon sapporoense Tsuneki Entomopison sphaerophallus Menke 1988 Pisonopsis variicornis Reed 1894 Entomopison vincenti Menke 1988 Entomopison wasbaueri Menke 1988 Aulacophilinus weiri Naumann 1990References edit Spinola Massimiliano Gravier Yves 1806 XCI Alyson ater Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores quas in agro ligustico nuper detexit descripsit et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola adjecto catalogo specierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum quae in eadem regione passim occurrunt in French sumptibus auctoris OCLC 229921216 Retrieved 17 March 2018 a b c d e Bohart Richard Mitchell and Arnold S Menke Sphecid wasps of the world a generic revision University of California Press 1976 a b c d Turner Rowland E 29 Notes On The Wasps Of The Genus Pison And Some Allied Genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Vol 86 No 4 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1916 Pison the spider hunter myrmecos net 10 April 2012 Retrieved 16 March 2018 a b Menke Arnold S 1988 Pison in the New World a revision Hymenoptera Sphecidae Trypoxylini Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 24 3 1 171 ASIN B000721IBQ ISSN 0569 4450 OCLC 715120981 a b c Pison PDF Catalog of Sphecidae San Francisco CA California Academy of Sciences 21 February 2018 Retrieved 18 March 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pison amp oldid 1182220578, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
