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Pieris bryoniae

December 02, 2023

Pieris bryoniae, the dark-veined white or mountain green-veined white, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Pieridae.

Dark-veined white
Female, Romania
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pieridae
Genus: Pieris
Species:
P. bryoniae
Binomial name
Pieris bryoniae
(Hübner, 1806)

It has variously been considered to be a full species, a subspecies of Pieris napi or a superspecies complex.[1]

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Description and Differentiation edit

Seitz-bryoniae (21c), which inhabits the Alps, Northern Scandinavia and the mountains of Asia Minor; the male of the latter is rather more narrow-winged than napi-males, not bearing any markings on the forewing above except the blackish apical and basal areas; the female has a yellowish ground-colour, which is however more or less suppressed by the great extent of the dark scaling situated along the veins. Among the females there occur specimens in which the discal spots and the vein-streaks of the forewing are strongly obsolescent, there being consequently no prominent marking; we name this form ab. obsoleta nov.; individuals in which the yellowish ground-colour, especially on the forewing, is almost entirely suppressed by the greater extension of the dark scaling may be named ab. concolor nov..The form kamtschadalis Bang-Haas i. 1., from Kamchatka, is in the female somewhat paler than bryoniaeand the discal spots of the forewing are less sharply marked, the hindwing beneath being much paler. sifanica Gr.-Grsh., from Amdo, is nearly as large as orientis [Pieris melete orientis Oberthür, 1880]; in males the veins are broadly edged with greenish black beneath; it has not yet been ascertained if sifanica is really different from orientis. [2]

The main difference with respect to the phylogenetically similar species ( Pieris napi , Pieris ergane, Pieris rapae ) is the presence of much more marked alar veins on both wings, especially on the upper part. The female has a basic coloration ranging from yellowish to greyish-brown. In some cases, the male is almost indistinguishable, as sexual dimorphism is almost absent. In some cases there is a blackish-gray band along the entire external margin of the fore wing. On the rear wing the endings of the veins may widen to form dark triangulations. The summer generations are paler than the spring ones and, in general, the front wings are paler than the rear ones, as well as having less marked veins. Other less evident morphological characteristics are currently the subject of discussion among entomologists, given that their relevance appears only in restricted populations.The wingspan is between 4 and 4.4 cm. Ireland female napi are often heavily marked but Langham (1922) [3] failed to find bryoniae.

The type locality of the nominate form is the Alps, where it is found at considerable altitudes (up to 2000 m) and has only one generation per year. Both pairs of the female's wings are dark. At lower altitudes, two or three generations appear during a year. Subspecies neobryoniae, closely resembles the Carpathian populations, and is found in the southern parts of the Alps and ssp. flavescens Wagner inhabits the northern parts. The ground coloration of the wings is yellowish or rich yellow, often with a mauve gloss. The populations inhabiting the Carpathians are very varied. The most distinct ones include the ssp. vihorlatensis found in Vihorlat, the east Slovak mountains. Others are Pieris bryoniae adalwinda Fruhstorfer, 1909 Type locality: Norway, Porsanger.Pieris bryoniae bicolorata (Petersen, 1947) Type locality: Schweden, Murjek

  • Pieris bryoniae bryonides Sheljuzhko, 1910 Type locality: Russia
  • Pieris bryoniae caucasica Lorkovic, 1968 Type locality: NW Kaukasus
  • Pieris bryoniae carpathensis Moucha, 1956 Type locality: Eats Karpates, Osa
  • Pieris bryoniae flavescens (Müller, 1933) Type locality: Austria, Mödling, Wien
  • Pieris bryoniae kamtschadalis (Röber, 1907) Type locality: Kamtschatka
  • Pieris bryoniae lorcovici Eitschberger, 1983 Type locality: Juliske Alpe, Vršic (North), 1400–1600 m.
  • Pieris bryoniae marani Moucha, 1956 Type locality: Slovakia, Zadiel Tal
  • Pieris bryoniae schintlmeisteri Eitschberger, 1983 Type locality: USSR, Jakutia, Tommot
  • Pieris bryoniae sheljuzhkoi Eitschberger, 1983 Type locality: Omsukchan, Magadan Gebiet
  • Pieris bryoniae sifanica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1895) Type locality: Amdo
  • Pieris bryoniae turcica Eitschberger & Hesselbarth, 1977 Type locality: Turkey, Anatolia, Ilgaz dagh-Pass, 1800 m.
  • Pieris bryoniae vitimensis (Verity, 1911) Type locality: Russia, Vitim
  • Pieris bryoniae wolfsbergeri Eitschberger, 1983 Type locality: Italia, Piemonte, Termi di Valdieri, S. Giovanni, 1500 m.

[4]

Occurrence and habitat edit

The species occurs in the Alps , the Fatra (Slovakia), the High Tatras , the Carpathians , parts of Turkey , the Caucasus , the Tian Shan and the Altai[5].[ . The altitudinal distribution includes locations between 800 and 2700 meters. Typical habitats are mountainous meadows and flower-filled stream banks. In regions where the flight range of napi and bryoniae overlaps, hybrids napi x bryoniae can form .Because of the inherited migratory behavior of napi , these are occasionally found outside of the actual area of occurrence. However, these hybridsare us usually not capable of reproduction. [6]

Biology edit

In most areas of occurrence, they fly in one generation from May to September, only occasionally further generations can occur. The forage plants of the caterpillars include various cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae), for example Biscutella laevigata or Lunaria rediviva. The species overwinters as a pupa .

Other edit

It is much sought after by collectors, particularly in Austria. This is because one of the most variable populations of this butterfly lives in the well-known Mödling area near Vienna.

References edit

  1. ^ Bowden, S. R.,Pieris napi L. (Pieridae) and the superspecies concept. J. Lepid. Soc.26 (1972) 170–173.pdf
  2. ^ Adalbert Seitz Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ Langham, C. 1922 Some forms of Pieris napi taken in County Fermanagh. Irish Naturalist 31: 42-45 pdf
  4. ^ Eitschberger, U., 1983. Systematische Untersuchungen am Pieris napi-bryoniae-Komplex (sensu lato) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Herbipoliana. Buchreihe zur Lepidopterologie. Marktleuthen 1(1): 1–504, 60 figs, 3 pls, 43 tables. 322 refs.
  5. ^ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: Die Tagfalter Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7, S. 274
  6. ^ U. Eitschberger: Zur Frage der Hybridnatur von Pieris napi (L.) mit bryoniae O. im nichtalpinen Raum. In: Atalanta, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Forschungszentrale für Schmetterlingswanderungen, München, 4: 3-14, 1972

December 02, 2023
pieris, bryoniae, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pieris bryoniae news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pieris bryoniae the dark veined white or mountain green veined white is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Pieridae Dark veined whiteFemale RomaniaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder LepidopteraFamily PieridaeGenus PierisSpecies P bryoniaeBinomial namePieris bryoniae Hubner 1806 It has variously been considered to be a full species a subspecies of Pieris napi or a superspecies complex 1 Contents 1 Description and Differentiation 2 Occurrence and habitat 3 Biology 4 Other 5 ReferencesDescription and Differentiation editSeitz bryoniae 21c which inhabits the Alps Northern Scandinavia and the mountains of Asia Minor the male of the latter is rather more narrow winged than napi males not bearing any markings on the forewing above except the blackish apical and basal areas the female has a yellowish ground colour which is however more or less suppressed by the great extent of the dark scaling situated along the veins Among the females there occur specimens in which the discal spots and the vein streaks of the forewing are strongly obsolescent there being consequently no prominent marking we name this form ab obsoleta nov individuals in which the yellowish ground colour especially on the forewing is almost entirely suppressed by the greater extension of the dark scaling may be named ab concolor nov The form kamtschadalis Bang Haas i 1 from Kamchatka is in the female somewhat paler than bryoniaeand the discal spots of the forewing are less sharply marked the hindwing beneath being much paler sifanica Gr Grsh from Amdo is nearly as large as orientis Pieris melete orientis Oberthur 1880 in males the veins are broadly edged with greenish black beneath it has not yet been ascertained if sifanica is really different from orientis 2 The main difference with respect to the phylogenetically similar species Pieris napi Pieris ergane Pieris rapae is the presence of much more marked alar veins on both wings especially on the upper part The female has a basic coloration ranging from yellowish to greyish brown In some cases the male is almost indistinguishable as sexual dimorphism is almost absent In some cases there is a blackish gray band along the entire external margin of the fore wing On the rear wing the endings of the veins may widen to form dark triangulations The summer generations are paler than the spring ones and in general the front wings are paler than the rear ones as well as having less marked veins Other less evident morphological characteristics are currently the subject of discussion among entomologists given that their relevance appears only in restricted populations The wingspan is between 4 and 4 4 cm Ireland female napi are often heavily marked but Langham 1922 3 failed to find bryoniae The type locality of the nominate form is the Alps where it is found at considerable altitudes up to 2000 m and has only one generation per year Both pairs of the female s wings are dark At lower altitudes two or three generations appear during a year Subspecies neobryoniae closely resembles the Carpathian populations and is found in the southern parts of the Alps and ssp flavescens Wagner inhabits the northern parts The ground coloration of the wings is yellowish or rich yellow often with a mauve gloss The populations inhabiting the Carpathians are very varied The most distinct ones include the ssp vihorlatensis found in Vihorlat the east Slovak mountains Others are Pieris bryoniae adalwinda Fruhstorfer 1909 Type locality Norway Porsanger Pieris bryoniae bicolorata Petersen 1947 Type locality Schweden Murjek Pieris bryoniae bryonides Sheljuzhko 1910 Type locality Russia Pieris bryoniae caucasica Lorkovic 1968 Type locality NW Kaukasus Pieris bryoniae carpathensis Moucha 1956 Type locality Eats Karpates Osa Pieris bryoniae flavescens Muller 1933 Type locality Austria Modling Wien Pieris bryoniae kamtschadalis Rober 1907 Type locality Kamtschatka Pieris bryoniae lorcovici Eitschberger 1983 Type locality Juliske Alpe Vrsic North 1400 1600 m Pieris bryoniae marani Moucha 1956 Type locality Slovakia Zadiel Tal Pieris bryoniae schintlmeisteri Eitschberger 1983 Type locality USSR Jakutia Tommot Pieris bryoniae sheljuzhkoi Eitschberger 1983 Type locality Omsukchan Magadan Gebiet Pieris bryoniae sifanica Grum Grshimailo 1895 Type locality Amdo Pieris bryoniae turcica Eitschberger amp Hesselbarth 1977 Type locality Turkey Anatolia Ilgaz dagh Pass 1800 m Pieris bryoniae vitimensis Verity 1911 Type locality Russia Vitim Pieris bryoniae wolfsbergeri Eitschberger 1983 Type locality Italia Piemonte Termi di Valdieri S Giovanni 1500 m 4 Occurrence and habitat editThe species occurs in the Alps the Fatra Slovakia the High Tatras the Carpathians parts of Turkey the Caucasus the Tian Shan and the Altai 5 The altitudinal distribution includes locations between 800 and 2700 meters Typical habitats are mountainous meadows and flower filled stream banks In regions where the flight range of napi and bryoniae overlaps hybrids napi x bryoniae can form Because of the inherited migratory behavior of napi these are occasionally found outside of the actual area of occurrence However these hybridsare us usually not capable of reproduction 6 Biology editIn most areas of occurrence they fly in one generation from May to September only occasionally further generations can occur The forage plants of the caterpillars include various cruciferous plants Brassicaceae for example Biscutella laevigata or Lunaria rediviva The species overwinters as a pupa Other editIt is much sought after by collectors particularly in Austria This is because one of the most variable populations of this butterfly lives in the well known Modling area near Vienna References edit Bowden S R Pieris napi L Pieridae and the superspecies concept J Lepid Soc 26 1972 170 173 pdf Adalbert Seitz Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde Verlag Alfred Kernen Stuttgart Band 1 Abt 1 Die Grossschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes Die palaearktischen Tagfalter 1909 379 Seiten mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln 3470 Figuren nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Langham C 1922 Some forms of Pieris napi taken in County Fermanagh Irish Naturalist 31 42 45 pdf Eitschberger U 1983 Systematische Untersuchungen am Pieris napi bryoniae Komplex sensu lato Lepidoptera Pieridae Herbipoliana Buchreihe zur Lepidopterologie Marktleuthen 1 1 1 504 60 figs 3 pls 43 tables 322 refs Tom Tolman Richard Lewington Die Tagfalter Europas und Nordwestafrikas Franckh Kosmos Stuttgart 1998 ISBN 3 440 07573 7 S 274 U Eitschberger Zur Frage der Hybridnatur vonPieris napi L mitbryoniaeO im nichtalpinen Raum In Atalanta Zeitschrift der Deutschen Forschungszentrale fur Schmetterlingswanderungen Munchen 4 3 14 1972 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pieris bryoniae amp oldid 1153690240, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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