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Piano Sonata No. 28 (Beethoven)

The Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major, Op. 101, by Ludwig van Beethoven was composed in 1816 and published in 1817. Dedicated to the pianist Baroness Dorothea Ertmann, née Graumen, it is considered the first of the composer's late piano sonatas.

Piano Sonata
No. 28
by Ludwig van Beethoven
Opening of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major, Op. 101
KeyA major
Opus101
Composed1816 (1816)
DedicationDorothea von Ertmann
Published1817
Movements4

This sonata marks the beginning of what is generally regarded as Beethoven's final period, where the forms are more complex, ideas more wide-ranging, textures more polyphonic, and the treatment of the themes and motifs even more sophisticated than before. Op. 101 well exemplified this new style, and Beethoven exploits the newly expanded keyboard compass of the day.

Background Edit

As with the previous sonata, it is unclear why Beethoven wrote Op. 101. The earliest known sketches are on leaves that once formed the parts of the Scheide Sketchbook of 1815–16. It shows the first movement already well developed and notated as an extended draft in score, and there are also a few preliminary ideas for the final Allegro.[1]

 
Beethoven's manuscript sketch for movement IV

Beethoven himself described this sonata, composed in the town of Baden, just south of Vienna, during the summer of 1816, as "a series of impressions and reveries." The more intimate nature of the late sonatas probably has some connection with his deafness, which by this stage was almost total, isolating him from society so completely that his only means of communicating with friends and visitors was via notebooks.

Beethoven offered the sonata for publication in a letter to Breitkopf and Härtel on 19 July 1816, when it was still far from complete. Eventually it was sold to the local Viennese publisher Sigmond Anton Steiner, after its completion. It was published in January 1817, and would appear in public the following month after delays.

The Piano Sonata No. 28, Op. 101 is the first of the series of Beethoven's "Late Period" sonatas (although sometimes Op. 90 is considered the first), when his music moved in a new direction toward a more personal, intimate, sometimes even introspective, realm of freedom and fantasy. In this period he had achieved a complete mastery of form, texture and tonality and was subverting the very conventions he had mastered to create works of remarkable profundity and beauty.[citation needed] It is also characteristic of these late works to incorporate contrapuntal techniques (e.g. canon and fugue) into the sonata form.

This was the only one of his 32 sonatas that Beethoven ever saw played publicly; this was in 1816, and the performer was a bank official and musical dilettante.[2]

Movements Edit

This piano sonata consists of four movements:

  1. Etwas lebhaft, und mit der innigsten Empfindung (Somewhat lively, and with innermost sensibility). Allegretto, ma non troppo
  2. Lebhaft, marschmäßig (Lively, march-like). Vivace alla marcia
  3. Langsam und sehnsuchtsvoll (Slow and longingly). Adagio, ma non troppo, con affetto
  4. Geschwind, doch nicht zu sehr, und mit Entschlossenheit (Swiftly, but not overly, and with determination). Allegro

A complete performance of the work takes about 19–22 minutes.

I. Allegretto ma non troppo Edit

 

This movement is in A major, 6
8
time, and in sonata form. The tempo marking for the opening movement, Etwas Lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung, is roughly translated as "somewhat lively and with the warmest feeling." (This term is used on the first published score but not on the autograph, which has only "Allegretto ma non troppo.[3])

Four-part harmony and contrapuntal texture is used throughout the movement. Though the sonata is marked as being in A major, Beethoven does not write any cadences on the tonic key; the exposition and development do not include a single root position A major chord. The first tonic chord in root position appears towards the end of the recapitulation. It appears once more at the end of the recapitulation, but even then is blunted by the omission of the fifth scale degree.

II. Vivace alla marcia Edit

 

The second movement is in F major, 4
4
time. It takes the form of a march in ternary form, and is characterized by dotted rhythms, harmonic dislocation and alternation between static and accelerando. The middle section is in B major, mostly composed in strict canonic structure.

III. Adagio, ma non troppo, con affetto Edit

 

The third movement begins with a slow introduction in A minor, 2
4
time. The opening melody of the first movement is recalled just as the introduction nears its conclusion in original tempo and meter.

IV. Allegro Edit

 

The Finale in 2
4
time begins without pause, and returns to the key of the first movement, in A major. It is a grand contrapuntal movement in which Beethoven explored the newest keyboard set in his command, using the lowest E (E1) on the piano near the end. This movement is the longest and most technically challenging one in the sonata, including a dense and 100-bar-long fugato in four voices as its development section.[4]

References Edit

  1. ^ Bonn, Beethoven-Haus; Autograph, Ludwig van Beethoven, Skizzenblatt zur Klaviersonate op 101, 1 und 4 Satz. "Ludwig van Beethoven, Skizzenblatt zur Klaviersonate op. 101, 1. und 4. Satz, Autograph". Beethoven-Haus Bonn (in German). Retrieved 8 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Joseph Braunstein, Liner notes to the Michael Ponti recording of Clara Schumann's Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 7
  3. ^ See IMSLP.
  4. ^ Beethoven, Ludwig van (2018). Hauschild, Peter (ed.). Klaviersonaten = Piano sonatas = Sonates pour piano (in German, English, and French). Vol. 3. Peter Hauschild, Jochen Reutter, Pavel Gililov, Alexander Jenner, Hans Kann, Naoyuki Taneda (Erste Auflage ed.). Wien. pp. Preface, page VI. ISBN 978-3-85055-785-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading Edit

External links Edit

piano, sonata, beethoven, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, piano, sonata, beethoven, news, newspapers. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Piano Sonata No 28 Beethoven news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Piano Sonata No 28 in A major Op 101 by Ludwig van Beethoven was composed in 1816 and published in 1817 Dedicated to the pianist Baroness Dorothea Ertmann nee Graumen it is considered the first of the composer s late piano sonatas Piano SonataNo 28by Ludwig van BeethovenOpening of Beethoven s Piano Sonata No 28 in A major Op 101KeyA majorOpus101Composed1816 1816 DedicationDorothea von ErtmannPublished1817Movements4This sonata marks the beginning of what is generally regarded as Beethoven s final period where the forms are more complex ideas more wide ranging textures more polyphonic and the treatment of the themes and motifs even more sophisticated than before Op 101 well exemplified this new style and Beethoven exploits the newly expanded keyboard compass of the day Contents 1 Background 2 Movements 2 1 I Allegretto ma non troppo 2 2 II Vivace alla marcia 2 3 III Adagio ma non troppo con affetto 2 4 IV Allegro 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBackground EditAs with the previous sonata it is unclear why Beethoven wrote Op 101 The earliest known sketches are on leaves that once formed the parts of the Scheide Sketchbook of 1815 16 It shows the first movement already well developed and notated as an extended draft in score and there are also a few preliminary ideas for the final Allegro 1 nbsp Beethoven s manuscript sketch for movement IVBeethoven himself described this sonata composed in the town of Baden just south of Vienna during the summer of 1816 as a series of impressions and reveries The more intimate nature of the late sonatas probably has some connection with his deafness which by this stage was almost total isolating him from society so completely that his only means of communicating with friends and visitors was via notebooks Beethoven offered the sonata for publication in a letter to Breitkopf and Hartel on 19 July 1816 when it was still far from complete Eventually it was sold to the local Viennese publisher Sigmond Anton Steiner after its completion It was published in January 1817 and would appear in public the following month after delays The Piano Sonata No 28 Op 101 is the first of the series of Beethoven s Late Period sonatas although sometimes Op 90 is considered the first when his music moved in a new direction toward a more personal intimate sometimes even introspective realm of freedom and fantasy In this period he had achieved a complete mastery of form texture and tonality and was subverting the very conventions he had mastered to create works of remarkable profundity and beauty citation needed It is also characteristic of these late works to incorporate contrapuntal techniques e g canon and fugue into the sonata form This was the only one of his 32 sonatas that Beethoven ever saw played publicly this was in 1816 and the performer was a bank official and musical dilettante 2 Movements Edit nbsp Recording of the sonata performed by Daniel Veesey from Musopen I Etwas lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung source source II Lebhaft marschmassig source source III Langsam und sehnsuchtsvollIV Geschwind doch nicht zu sehr und mit Entschlossenheit source source Problems playing these files See media help This piano sonata consists of four movements Etwas lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung Somewhat lively and with innermost sensibility Allegretto ma non troppoLebhaft marschmassig Lively march like Vivace alla marciaLangsam und sehnsuchtsvoll Slow and longingly Adagio ma non troppo con affettoGeschwind doch nicht zu sehr und mit Entschlossenheit Swiftly but not overly and with determination Allegro A complete performance of the work takes about 19 22 minutes I Allegretto ma non troppo Edit nbsp This movement is in A major 68 time and in sonata form The tempo marking for the opening movement Etwas Lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung is roughly translated as somewhat lively and with the warmest feeling This term is used on the first published score but not on the autograph which has only Allegretto ma non troppo 3 Four part harmony and contrapuntal texture is used throughout the movement Though the sonata is marked as being in A major Beethoven does not write any cadences on the tonic key the exposition and development do not include a single root position A major chord The first tonic chord in root position appears towards the end of the recapitulation It appears once more at the end of the recapitulation but even then is blunted by the omission of the fifth scale degree II Vivace alla marcia Edit nbsp The second movement is in F major 44 time It takes the form of a march in ternary form and is characterized by dotted rhythms harmonic dislocation and alternation between static and accelerando The middle section is in B major mostly composed in strict canonic structure III Adagio ma non troppo con affetto Edit nbsp The third movement begins with a slow introduction in A minor 24 time The opening melody of the first movement is recalled just as the introduction nears its conclusion in original tempo and meter IV Allegro Edit nbsp The Finale in 24 time begins without pause and returns to the key of the first movement in A major It is a grand contrapuntal movement in which Beethoven explored the newest keyboard set in his command using the lowest E E1 on the piano near the end This movement is the longest and most technically challenging one in the sonata including a dense and 100 bar long fugato in four voices as its development section 4 References Edit Bonn Beethoven Haus Autograph Ludwig van Beethoven Skizzenblatt zur Klaviersonate op 101 1 und 4 Satz Ludwig van Beethoven Skizzenblatt zur Klaviersonate op 101 1 und 4 Satz Autograph Beethoven Haus Bonn in German Retrieved 8 April 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Joseph Braunstein Liner notes to the Michael Ponti recording of Clara Schumann s Piano Concerto in A minor Op 7 See IMSLP Beethoven Ludwig van 2018 Hauschild Peter ed Klaviersonaten Piano sonatas Sonates pour piano in German English and French Vol 3 Peter Hauschild Jochen Reutter Pavel Gililov Alexander Jenner Hans Kann Naoyuki Taneda Erste Auflage ed Wien pp Preface page VI ISBN 978 3 85055 785 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Further reading EditGreenberg Robert 2005 Beethoven s Piano Sonatas Chantilly The Teaching Company ISBN 978 1 59803 0143 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piano Sonata No 28 Beethoven nbsp Classical music portalA lecture by Andras Schiff on the Op 101 sonata 1934 recording by Artur Schnabel of the Op 101 sonata Piano Sonata No 28 Op 101 at AllMusic Piano Sonata No 28 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Piano Sonata No 28 Beethoven amp oldid 1180903123, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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