Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 16 in G major, Op. 31, No. 1, was composed between 1801 and 1802. Although it was numbered as the first piece in the trio of piano sonatas which were published as Opus 31 in 1803, Beethoven actually finished it after the Op. 31 No. 2, the Tempest Sonata.
Beethoven in 1801; painted by Carl Traugott Riedel
Due to his dissatisfaction with the classical style of music, Beethoven pledged to take a new path of musical composition and style. The Opus 31 works are the first examples of Beethoven's new and unconventional ideas, an attempt to make a name for himself. For example, the first movement, unlike most sonata allegro forms in which the second theme of the exposition is dominant, the second theme is in B major and B minor, the mediant of the original key. Beethoven would later continue to use the mediant and submediant as expositional goals for major-key sonata-form movements, such as the first movements of the Waldstein and Hammerklavier sonatas, the Archduke trio, the triple concerto and the thirteenth string quartet, as well as the finale to the seventh symphony. These pieces were written after Beethoven's Heiligenstadt Testament of 1802.
This sonata is light, breezy and has touches of humour and irony in its movements.[1] Critics say that the Opus 31 works show now a more pronounced "Beethovenian" sense of style that will become more evident in later, mature works.
The first movement begins in an animated fashion. The humorous main theme is littered with brisk, semiquaver passages, and chords written in a stuttering fashion, suggesting that the hands are unable to play in unison with one another. The second subject in the exposition alternates between B major and B minor; this tendency to alternate between keys became typical later in Beethoven's career.
Adagio graziosoEdit
With long, drawn out trills and reflective pauses, the second movement in C major is the more sentimental movement. Apart from the Hammerklavier Sonata's Adagio and the 32nd sonata's second movement, this is the longest slow movement of Beethoven in the piano sonatas (around 11 minutes). According to many great pianists (e.g. Edwin Fischer and András Schiff), this movement is a parody of Italian opera and Beethoven's contemporaries, who were much more popular than Beethoven at the beginning of the 19th century. Schiff explained this theory in his master class of this sonata;[2] he said it is totally uncharacteristic of Beethoven because it is not economical, it is incredibly long, everything is too much ornamented, it is filled with "show-off cadenzas (...) who are trying to make a cheap effect" and bel canto-like elements and rhythms (on them Schiff said "it's very beautiful, but it's alien to Beethoven's nature").
RondoEdit
The last movement is similar in character to the first movement: light, enthusiastic, and youthful. Here, a single simple theme is varied, ornamented, syncopated, modulated throughout the piece. After a brief Adagio section, the piece ends with a Presto coda.
ReferencesEdit
^"Musicians with a literary bent – Honourable failures" by Anna Goldsworthy, The Monthly, October 2013. Goldsworthy quotes Jeremy Denk and Alfred Brendel's "Must Classical Music be Entirely Serious?" in his Music Sounded Out (1990).
^Andras Schiff's lectures on the 32 Beethoven piano sonatas (audio only).
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piano Sonata No. 16 (Beethoven).
A lecture by András Schiff on Beethoven's piano sonata Op. 31, No. 1
piano, sonata, beethoven, ludwig, beethoven, piano, sonata, major, composed, between, 1801, 1802, although, numbered, first, piece, trio, piano, sonatas, which, were, published, opus, 1803, beethoven, actually, finished, after, tempest, sonata, beethoven, 1801. Ludwig van Beethoven s Piano Sonata No 16 in G major Op 31 No 1 was composed between 1801 and 1802 Although it was numbered as the first piece in the trio of piano sonatas which were published as Opus 31 in 1803 Beethoven actually finished it after the Op 31 No 2 the Tempest Sonata Beethoven in 1801 painted by Carl Traugott Riedel1 Allegro vivace source source source 2 Adagio grazioso source source source 3 Rondo source source source Played by Artur Schnabel in 1932 Problems playing these files See media help Due to his dissatisfaction with the classical style of music Beethoven pledged to take a new path of musical composition and style The Opus 31 works are the first examples of Beethoven s new and unconventional ideas an attempt to make a name for himself For example the first movement unlike most sonata allegro forms in which the second theme of the exposition is dominant the second theme is in B major and B minor the mediant of the original key Beethoven would later continue to use the mediant and submediant as expositional goals for major key sonata form movements such as the first movements of the Waldstein and Hammerklavier sonatas the Archduke trio the triple concerto and the thirteenth string quartet as well as the finale to the seventh symphony These pieces were written after Beethoven s Heiligenstadt Testament of 1802 This sonata is light breezy and has touches of humour and irony in its movements 1 Critics say that the Opus 31 works show now a more pronounced Beethovenian sense of style that will become more evident in later mature works Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Allegro vivace 1 2 Adagio grazioso 1 3 Rondo 2 References 3 External linksStructure EditThe sonata consists of three movements A typical performance lasts about 20 minutes Allegro vivace 24 in G majorAdagio grazioso 98 in C majorRondo allegretto presto 22 in G major Allegro vivace Edit nbsp The first movement begins in an animated fashion The humorous main theme is littered with brisk semiquaver passages and chords written in a stuttering fashion suggesting that the hands are unable to play in unison with one another The second subject in the exposition alternates between B major and B minor this tendency to alternate between keys became typical later in Beethoven s career Adagio grazioso Edit nbsp With long drawn out trills and reflective pauses the second movement in C major is the more sentimental movement Apart from the Hammerklavier Sonata s Adagio and the 32nd sonata s second movement this is the longest slow movement of Beethoven in the piano sonatas around 11 minutes According to many great pianists e g Edwin Fischer and Andras Schiff this movement is a parody of Italian opera and Beethoven s contemporaries who were much more popular than Beethoven at the beginning of the 19th century Schiff explained this theory in his master class of this sonata 2 he said it is totally uncharacteristic of Beethoven because it is not economical it is incredibly long everything is too much ornamented it is filled with show off cadenzas who are trying to make a cheap effect and bel canto like elements and rhythms on them Schiff said it s very beautiful but it s alien to Beethoven s nature Rondo Edit nbsp The last movement is similar in character to the first movement light enthusiastic and youthful Here a single simple theme is varied ornamented syncopated modulated throughout the piece After a brief Adagio section the piece ends with a Presto coda References Edit Musicians with a literary bent Honourable failures by Anna Goldsworthy The Monthly October 2013 Goldsworthy quotes Jeremy Denk and Alfred Brendel s Must Classical Music be Entirely Serious in his Music Sounded Out 1990 Andras Schiff s lectures on the 32 Beethoven piano sonatas audio only External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piano Sonata No 16 Beethoven A lecture by Andras Schiff on Beethoven s piano sonata Op 31 No 1 Piano Sonata No 16 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Portal nbsp Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Piano Sonata No 16 Beethoven amp oldid 1171020837, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
