The sonata was published by Artaria in 1784, alongside Nos. 10 and 12 (K. 330 and K. 332).[1]
The third movement of this sonata, the "Rondo alla Turca", or "Turkish March", is often heard on its own and regarded as one of Mozart's best-known piano pieces.[2][3]
All of the movements are in the key of A major or A minor; therefore, the work is homotonal. A typical performance of this entire sonata takes about 20 minutes.[4]
Since the opening movement of this sonata is a theme and variation, Mozart defied the convention of beginning a sonata with an allegro movement in sonata form. The theme is a siciliana, consisting of two 8-measure sections, each repeated, a structure shared by each variation.
The last movement, marked Alla turca, popularly known as the "Turkish Rondo" or "Turkish March", is often heard on its own and is one of Mozart's best-known piano pieces.[3]
Mozart himself titled the rondo "Alla turca".[5] It imitates the sound of Turkish Janissary bands, the music of which was much in vogue at that time.[6]
Section A: This section, in A minor, consists of a rising sixteenth-note melody followed by a falling eighth note melody over a staccato eighth-note accompaniment. It is eight measures long.
Section B: This section introduces new material in a melody in thirds and eighth notes before varying the A section with a crescendo before falling back to piano by a modification of Section A.
Section C: A forte march in octaves over an arpeggiated chord accompaniment. The key changes to A major.
Section D: A piano continuous sixteenth note melody over a broken-chord accompaniment. This section is in the relative key, F♯ minor.
Section E: A fortescale-like theme followed by a modification of section D.
Coda: A forte theme consisting mostly of chords (arpeggiated and not) and octaves. There is a brief piano restatement of the theme in the middle of the coda. The movement ends with alternating A ♯ octaves followed by two A-major chords.
Relationships to later compositions and arrangements
Pianist Arcadi Volodos arranged a virtuoso piano solo paraphrase, loosely-built from keyparts of the Sonata.
Folk metal band Ulytau published a metal version of the Rondo alla Turca in 2009.
There are also plentiful adaptations for chamber size ensembles; as the arrangement of the Andante Grazioso for string quartet and guitar from the German composer Frederic Bernard.[9]
2014 autograph discovery
In 2014, Hungarian librarian Balázs Mikusi discovered four pages of Mozart's original score (autograph) of the sonata in Budapest's National Széchényi Library. Until then, only the last page of the autograph had been known to have survived. The paper and handwriting of the four pages matched that of the final page of the score, held in Salzburg. The original score is close to the first edition, published in 1784.[10]
In the first movement, however, in bars 5 and 6 of the fifth variation, the rhythm of the last three notes was altered. In the menuetto, the last quarter beat of bar 3 is a C♯ in most editions, but in the original autograph an A is printed.[11] In the first edition, an A is also printed in bar 3, as in the original, but on the other hand a C♯ is printed in the parallel passage at bar 33, mirroring subsequent editions.[12]
In September 2014, Zoltán Kocsis gave the first performance of the rediscovered score.[13]
References
^Irving, John (2013). Understanding Mozart's Piano Sonatas. Ashgate. p. 54. ISBN9781409494096.
^Bugg, D. Doran. "The role of Turkish percussion in the history and development of the orchestral percussion section". Louisiana State University Digital Commons. p. 36. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
^ ab"10 incredible, life-changing masterpieces from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart you need in your life". 6. Piano Sonata No. 11 ('Alla Turca'). Classic FM. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^Robins, Brian. Piano Sonata No. 11 in A Major ("Alla Turca") K. 331 (K. 300i) at AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
^John Thompson's Modern Course for the Piano: The Fifth Grade Book. The Willis Music Company; Cincinnati, Ohio, 1952.
^Schmidt-Jones, Catherine (10 May 2010). "Janissary Music and Turkish Influences on Western Music". OpenStax CNX, 10 May 2010. Retrieved from http://cnx.org/content/m15861/latest/.
^"Max Reger's Mozart Variations", presented by Walter Parker, Vermont Public Radio, 19 March 2012
piano, sonata, mozart, alla, turca, redirects, here, general, turkish, inspired, trend, european, music, turkish, music, style, piano, sonata, major, 300i, wolfgang, amadeus, mozart, piano, sonata, three, movements, piano, sonata, majorno, 11by, wolfgang, amad. Alla Turca redirects here For the general Turkish inspired trend in European music see Turkish music style The Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 300i by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a piano sonata in three movements Piano Sonata in A majorNo 11by Wolfgang Amadeus MozartThe beginningKeyA majorCatalogueK 331 300iStyleClassical periodComposed1783 1783 Published1784MovementsAndante grazioso Menuetto Alla turca AllegrettoPlay help info The sonata was published by Artaria in 1784 alongside Nos 10 and 12 K 330 and K 332 1 The third movement of this sonata the Rondo alla Turca or Turkish March is often heard on its own and regarded as one of Mozart s best known piano pieces 2 3 Contents 1 Structure 1 1 I Andante grazioso 1 2 II Menuetto 1 3 III Alla turca 2 Relationships to later compositions and arrangements 3 2014 autograph discovery 4 References 5 External linksStructure EditThe sonata consists of three movements Andante graziosoMenuettoAlla turca Allegretto All of the movements are in the key of A major or A minor therefore the work is homotonal A typical performance of this entire sonata takes about 20 minutes 4 I Andante grazioso Edit I Andante grazioso source source performed by Bernd Krueger Problems playing this file See media help Since the opening movement of this sonata is a theme and variation Mozart defied the convention of beginning a sonata with an allegro movement in sonata form The theme is a siciliana consisting of two 8 measure sections each repeated a structure shared by each variation II Menuetto Edit II Allegro moderato source source performed by Bernd Krueger Problems playing this file See media help The second movement of the sonata is a standard minuet and trio movement in A major III Alla turca Edit III Allegro Turkish March source source performed by Bernd Krueger Problems playing this file See media help The last movement marked Alla turca popularly known as the Turkish Rondo or Turkish March is often heard on its own and is one of Mozart s best known piano pieces 3 source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file Mozart himself titled the rondo Alla turca 5 It imitates the sound of Turkish Janissary bands the music of which was much in vogue at that time 6 Section A This section in A minor consists of a rising sixteenth note melody followed by a falling eighth note melody over a staccato eighth note accompaniment It is eight measures long Section B This section introduces new material in a melody in thirds and eighth notes before varying the A section with a crescendo before falling back to piano by a modification of Section A Section C A forte march in octaves over an arpeggiated chord accompaniment The key changes to A major Section D A piano continuous sixteenth note melody over a broken chord accompaniment This section is in the relative key F minor Section E A forte scale like theme followed by a modification of section D Coda A forte theme consisting mostly of chords arpeggiated and not and octaves There is a brief piano restatement of the theme in the middle of the coda The movement ends with alternating A octaves followed by two A major chords Relationships to later compositions and arrangements EditThe theme of the first movement was used by Max Reger in his Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart 1914 for orchestra 7 Dave Brubeck s Blue Rondo a la Turk 1959 is not based on or related to the last movement 8 Pianist Arcadi Volodos arranged a virtuoso piano solo paraphrase loosely built from keyparts of the Sonata Folk metal band Ulytau published a metal version of the Rondo alla Turca in 2009 There are also plentiful adaptations for chamber size ensembles as the arrangement of the Andante Grazioso for string quartet and guitar from the German composer Frederic Bernard 9 2014 autograph discovery EditIn 2014 Hungarian librarian Balazs Mikusi discovered four pages of Mozart s original score autograph of the sonata in Budapest s National Szechenyi Library Until then only the last page of the autograph had been known to have survived The paper and handwriting of the four pages matched that of the final page of the score held in Salzburg The original score is close to the first edition published in 1784 10 In the first movement however in bars 5 and 6 of the fifth variation the rhythm of the last three notes was altered In the menuetto the last quarter beat of bar 3 is a C in most editions but in the original autograph an A is printed 11 In the first edition an A is also printed in bar 3 as in the original but on the other hand a C is printed in the parallel passage at bar 33 mirroring subsequent editions 12 In September 2014 Zoltan Kocsis gave the first performance of the rediscovered score 13 References Edit Irving John 2013 Understanding Mozart s Piano Sonatas Ashgate p 54 ISBN 9781409494096 Bugg D Doran The role of Turkish percussion in the history and development of the orchestral percussion section Louisiana State University Digital Commons p 36 Retrieved 3 June 2022 a b 10 incredible life changing masterpieces from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart you need in your life 6 Piano Sonata No 11 Alla Turca Classic FM 3 July 2018 Retrieved 6 May 2021 Robins Brian Piano Sonata No 11 in A Major Alla Turca K 331 K 300i at AllMusic Retrieved 2011 06 01 John Thompson s Modern Course for the Piano The Fifth Grade Book The Willis Music Company Cincinnati Ohio 1952 Schmidt Jones Catherine 10 May 2010 Janissary Music and Turkish Influences on Western Music OpenStax CNX 10 May 2010 Retrieved from http cnx org content m15861 latest Max Reger s Mozart Variations presented by Walter Parker Vermont Public Radio 19 March 2012 Sleeve notes Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine to Time Out notnowmusic com Andante Grazioso for String Quartet and Guitar Original Arrangement Sheet Music Video YouTube in German Kozinn Allan 1 October 2014 A Mozart Mystery Sonata Manuscript Surfaces in Budapest The New York Times p C4 Balazs Mikusi K 331 Sonata in A major mozart oszk hu Retrieved 6 May 2021 See scores at NME and IMSLP Zalan Eszter 26 September 2014 A rediscovered sonata as Mozart intended Agence France Presse Retrieved 14 February 2015 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piano Sonata No 11 K 331 Sonate in A KV 331 Score and critical report in German in the Neue Mozart Ausgabe Piano sonata in A major K 331 300i interactive score on Verovio Humdrum Viewer Alte Mozart Ausgabe version Piano Sonata No 11 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Free scores of the Piano Sonata No 11 at Mutopia Project Free sheet music of Piano Sonata No 11 from Cantorion org Video on YouTube Daniel Barenboim Portal Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Piano Sonata No 11 Mozart amp oldid 1142535589, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
