It is well known that Chiron, the famously civilized centaur, had origins which differed from those of the other centaurs. Chiron was the son of Cronus and a minor goddess Philyra, which accounted for his exceptional intelligence and honor, whereas the other centaurs were bestial and brutal, being the descendants of Centaurus who is the result of the unholy rape of a minor cloud-goddess that resembled Hera by the mortal king Ixion. Where Chiron was immortal and could die only voluntarily, the other centaurs were mortal like men and animals.
Pholus, like Chiron, was civilized, and indeed in art sometimes shared the "human-centaur" form in which Chiron was usually depicted (that is, he was a man from head to toe, but with the center and hindparts of a horse attached to his buttocks). This form was of course used to differentiate Chiron and Pholus from all other centaurs, who were mostly represented as men only from the head to the waist, and therefore more animal-like.
To further account for the unusually civil behavior of Pholus, the mythographer Apollodorus wrote that his parents were Silenus and one of the Meliae,[2] thus differentiating him genealogically from the other centaurs, as Chiron was known to be. This different parentage apparently did not carry with it immortality, however, and Pholus died just as the other centaurs.
The differing accounts vary in details, but each story contains the following elements: Heracles visited his cave sometime before or after the completion of his fourth Labor, the capture of the Erymanthian Boar. When Heracles drank from a jar of wine in the possession of Pholus, the neighboring centaurs smelled its fragrant odor and, driven characteristically mad, charged into the cave. The majority were slain by Heracles, and the rest were chased to another location (according to the mythographer Apollodorus, Cape Maleas) where the peaceful centaur Chiron was accidentally wounded by the arrows of Heracles which were soaked in the venomous blood of the Lernaean Hydra. In most accounts, Chiron surrendered his immortality to be free from the agony of the poison when it came to helping Hercules free Prometheus.
While this pursuit and second combat was occurring, Pholus, back in his cave, accidentally wounded himself with one of the venomous arrows[3] while he was either marveling at how such a small thing could kill a centaur (Apollodorus)[4] or preparing the corpses for burial (Diodoros).[5] He died quickly as a result of the poison's outrageous virulence and was found by Heracles.
Hyginus (in his De Astronomia) reports versions of the story where it is not Pholus's foot on which the poison arrow accidentally falls, but Chiron's instead.[6]
In the Divine Comedy poem Inferno, Pholus is found with the other centaurs patrolling the banks of the river Phlegethon in the seventh circle of Hell.
Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Diodorus Siculus, Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Online version by Bill Thayer
pholus, mythology, this, article, about, mythological, character, other, uses, pholus, greek, mythology, pholus, greek, Φόλος, wise, centaur, friend, heracles, lived, cave, near, mount, pelion, heracles, pholus, black, figured, hydria, louvre, contents, biogra. This article is about the mythological character For other uses see Pholus In Greek mythology Pholus Greek Folos was a wise centaur and friend of Heracles who lived in a cave on or near Mount Pelion 1 Heracles and Pholus black figured hydria 520 510 BC Louvre MNE 940 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Encounters with Heracles 2 Namesake 3 Notes 4 ReferencesBiography EditIt is well known that Chiron the famously civilized centaur had origins which differed from those of the other centaurs Chiron was the son of Cronus and a minor goddess Philyra which accounted for his exceptional intelligence and honor whereas the other centaurs were bestial and brutal being the descendants of Centaurus who is the result of the unholy rape of a minor cloud goddess that resembled Hera by the mortal king Ixion Where Chiron was immortal and could die only voluntarily the other centaurs were mortal like men and animals Pholus like Chiron was civilized and indeed in art sometimes shared the human centaur form in which Chiron was usually depicted that is he was a man from head to toe but with the center and hindparts of a horse attached to his buttocks This form was of course used to differentiate Chiron and Pholus from all other centaurs who were mostly represented as men only from the head to the waist and therefore more animal like To further account for the unusually civil behavior of Pholus the mythographer Apollodorus wrote that his parents were Silenus and one of the Meliae 2 thus differentiating him genealogically from the other centaurs as Chiron was known to be This different parentage apparently did not carry with it immortality however and Pholus died just as the other centaurs Heracles Pholus and the centaurs black figured skyphos ca 580 BC Louvre L 63 Encounters with Heracles Edit The differing accounts vary in details but each story contains the following elements Heracles visited his cave sometime before or after the completion of his fourth Labor the capture of the Erymanthian Boar When Heracles drank from a jar of wine in the possession of Pholus the neighboring centaurs smelled its fragrant odor and driven characteristically mad charged into the cave The majority were slain by Heracles and the rest were chased to another location according to the mythographer Apollodorus Cape Maleas where the peaceful centaur Chiron was accidentally wounded by the arrows of Heracles which were soaked in the venomous blood of the Lernaean Hydra In most accounts Chiron surrendered his immortality to be free from the agony of the poison when it came to helping Hercules free Prometheus While this pursuit and second combat was occurring Pholus back in his cave accidentally wounded himself with one of the venomous arrows 3 while he was either marveling at how such a small thing could kill a centaur Apollodorus 4 or preparing the corpses for burial Diodoros 5 He died quickly as a result of the poison s outrageous virulence and was found by Heracles Hyginus in his De Astronomia reports versions of the story where it is not Pholus s foot on which the poison arrow accidentally falls but Chiron s instead 6 In the Divine Comedy poem Inferno Pholus is found with the other centaurs patrolling the banks of the river Phlegethon in the seventh circle of Hell Namesake EditThe city of Pholoe in ancient Arcadia was named after him 7 Notes Edit Gantz pp 390 392 Apollodorus 2 5 4 Gantz pp 139 392 Gantz pp 147 392 Apollodorus 2 5 4 Diodoros 4 12 3 8 Gantz p 392 Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Ph670 3References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pholus Apollodorus Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus The Library of History Translated by C H Oldfather Twelve volumes Loeb Classical Library Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1989 Online version by Bill Thayer Gantz Timothy Early Greek Myth A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources Johns Hopkins University Press 1996 Two volumes ISBN 978 0 8018 5360 9 Vol 1 ISBN 978 0 8018 5362 3 Vol 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pholus mythology amp oldid 1099380161, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
