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Phoebe Hearst

January 01, 1970

Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson Hearst (December 3, 1842 – April 13, 1919) was an American philanthropist, feminist and suffragist.[1] Hearst was the founder of the University of California Museum of Anthropology, now called the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, and the co-founder of the National Parent-Teacher Association.

Phoebe Hearst
Phoebe Apperson Hearst, Who's who among the women of California
Born
Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson

(1842-12-03)December 3, 1842
Saint Clair, Missouri, US
DiedApril 13, 1919(1919-04-13) (aged 76)
Pleasanton, California, US
Resting placeCypress Lawn Memorial Park
NationalityAmerican
OccupationPhilanthropist
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1862; died 1891)​
ChildrenWilliam Randolph Hearst

Early life edit

She was born Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson in St. Clair, Missouri, in Franklin County, the daughter of Drucilla (Whitmire) and Randolph Walker Apperson. In her early years, Phoebe studied to be a teacher. Her childhood consisted of helping her father with finances at his store, learning French, and playing the piano.[2] In 1860, businessman George Hearst met Phoebe when he returned to St. Clair to care for his dying mother. When they married on June 15, 1862, George Hearst was 41 years old, and Phoebe was 19.

Family life edit

 
Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst's house, 1400 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., by Frances Benjamin Johnston

Soon after their marriage,[3] the couple left Missouri and moved to San Francisco, California, where Phoebe gave birth to their only child, William Randolph Hearst.[4] As a very successful miner who later became a U.S. senator,[5] George often left Phoebe alone during his work.[2][6] She and her son were close and had many similar interests, including art and design.[7] After Phoebe's death in 1919, William inherited a $10 million fortune.[2]

Philanthropy edit

In the 1880s, she became a major benefactor and director of the Golden Gate Kindergarten Association[8] and the first president of the Century Club of California.[9] In 1902, Hearst funded the construction of a building to provide teacher training and to house kindergarten classes and the association's offices.[10] The association had 26 schools at the time of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906.[11] Hearst was a major benefactor of the University of California, Berkeley, and its first woman regent, serving on the board from 1897 until her death.[12] That year, she contributed to the establishment of the National Congress of Mothers, which evolved eventually into the National Parent-Teacher Association. In 1900, she co-founded the all-girls National Cathedral School in Washington, DC. A nearby public elementary school bears her name.[13] Hearst funded the Hearst Library in Anaconda, Montana, in 1898. She maintained it until 1904.[14]

Hearst became a close friend of Dr. William Pepper, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, who was also a medical doctor who treated her for a heart condition. In 1896, in her first major act of museum philanthropy, she donated more than two hundred objects to the Penn Museum, many of them items such as Anasazi ceramics excavated from the Cliff Palace site of Mesa Verde, Colorado.[15][1] Later, she also funded a Penn Museum expedition to Russia, and sent the Aztec specialist, Zelia Nuttall, to Moscow for this purpose.[16]

In 1901, Phoebe Hearst founded the University of California Museum of Anthropology, later called the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology and renamed the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology in 1992. The original collection comprised 230,000 objects representing cultures and civilizations throughout history.

The museum now contains about 3.8 million objects. Throughout her lifetime and as provided in her will, Hearst donated over 60,000 objects to the museum. She also funded expeditions such as the Pepper–Hearst expedition (1895–1897) on the coast of Florida, near Tarpon Springs.[17] Most notable are the 1899 expeditions in Egypt by American archaeologist George A. Reisner and in Peru by German archaeologist Max Uhle.[18] These ventures further contributed to the museum's collection. Among these are approximately 20,000 ancient Egyptian artifacts, the largest such collection west of Chicago. Hearst also realized the importance of preserving Native Californian culture. With her support, anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber and his students, including Robert F. Heizer, documented Native Californian culture in the form of photographs, audio recordings, texts, and artifacts. This research helped to preserve approximately 250,000 Native Californian artifacts, the most extensive in the world. The museum collection is available to students and researchers for examination. A gallery located on the University of California Berkeley campus is available for public view.

Hearst was named to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association as the second vice-regent representing California. She held that position from 1889 to 1918, contributing much time and money to the restoration of George Washington's home at Mount Vernon, furnishing it with Washington-owned objects and improving the visitor experience. The William Randolph Hearst Foundation continues to fund projects at Mount Vernon in her memory.[19]

Hearst also donated money to the restoration of Pohick Church in Virginia.[20]

Hearst chose a "different way" than radical feminists.[21] While she believed in women having financial freedom, in her support for women's suffrage she did not strongly believe in women gaining political power. She thought women should have the right to vote "to protect homes and children."[22] In 1895, when the Women's Congress resolved for the passage of a federal amendment, Hearst supported it "distantly".[23] She officially declared herself in favor of suffrage in the summer of 1911, saying it would enable "the betterment of conditions affecting children and women particularly."[24]

Religion edit

 
Resting place of Phoebe Hearst at Cypress Lawn Cemetery in San Bruno, California

Hearst was raised a member of the Christian Cumberland Presbyterian community in the 1840s.[25] In 1898 she declared her belief in the Baháʼí Faith,[26] and helped play a key role in the spread of the religion in the United States.

Hearst had already been an early investor in the initiative of Sarah Farmer using the Greenacre Inn as a summer center of cross-religion gatherings and cultural development shortly after the 1893 Parliament of Religions.[27]: p.193  In November 1898, Hearst, with Lua Getsinger and others, briefly stopped off in Paris, on their way to Palestine, and was shocked to see May Bolles (later Maxwell), later a well known American member of the Baháʼí Faith, bedridden with the chronic malady with which she had been afflicted.[28] Hearst invited Bolles to travel to Palestine with her, believing that the change of air would be conducive to her health. Getsinger disclosed to Bolles the purpose of the journey: a pilgrimage to visit the then head of the Baháʼí Faith: ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.[29] The group travelled to Akka and Haifa in Ottoman Palestine on pilgrimage, arriving on December 14, 1898.[30][31][32][33] They were the very first Westerners to make the pilgrimage and meet ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Hearst later wrote, "Those three days were the most memorable days of my life."[34][35] Yet after the first pilgrimage attempts at correspondence on behalf of Hearst by Lua Getsinger were leaked naming her involvement in the religion at a time of rising considerations of her son's political activities and so Hearst dismissed the Getsingers from their stay at her home in 1901.[36]Kindle:6195 Still in the spring of 1901 Hearst also met with Sarah Farmer again,[37] and invested again in Green Acre, as it came to be called, in 1902,[38] and, further, an agent of Hearst acted for Sarah Farmer when she changed her will in 1909 to bequeath Green Acre to the Baháʼís in the event of Farmer's death.[39][40] Hearst had also been a victim of an incident seeking to extort money from her, which had caused her estrangement from some Bahá'ís.[41] In October 1912, she invited ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, who was travelling throughout the United States, to stay at her home for a long weekend, even though at that time she had become estranged from the Bahá'í community.[41] During his stay, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentioned that anyone who tried to extort money or goods from others should not be considered a true Bahá'í.[41]

Death edit

She died at her home, Hacienda del Pozo de Verona,[42] in Pleasanton, California, aged 76, on April 13, 1919, during the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918–1919, and was buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California.[6][43][44]

References edit

  1. ^ Nickliss, Alexandra (November 2002), "Phoebe Apperson Hearst's 'Gospel of Wealth,' 1883-1901", Pacific Historical Review, 71 (4): 525–605, doi:10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.575.
  2. ^ a b c Kastner, Victoria; Garagliano, Victoria (2009). Hearst's San Simeon: the Gardens and the Land. New York: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 34, 25, 13. ISBN 978-0-81097-290-2.
  3. ^ Crawford County, Missouri Marriage Book, Volume B, page 139
  4. ^ "Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle". hearstcastle.org. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  5. ^ "Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle". hearstcastle.org. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  6. ^ a b , Hearst Castle, archived from the original on 2007-06-29, retrieved 2007-06-18
  7. ^ Kastner, Victoria (2000). Hearst Castle: the Biography of a Country House. New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-81097-290-2.
  8. ^ Edward T. James, ed. (1971), Notable American Women 1607–1950, vol. II, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, p. 171
  9. ^ Century Club of California (1893), Historical Sketch, Century Club of California
  10. ^ "Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle". hearstcastle.org. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  11. ^ "Development « Phoebe Hearst Preschool". www.phoebehearstpreschool.org. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  12. ^ "Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle". hearstcastle.org. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  13. ^ "Hearst Elementary School". Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  14. ^ . Hearst Free Library. Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  15. ^ Jacknis, Ira (1999). "Patrons, Potters, and Painters: Phoebe Hearst's Collections from the American Southwest," in Collecting Native America, 1870-1960, ed. Shepard Krech III and Barbara A. Hail. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 144, 158, 161–62, 164 footnote 13.
  16. ^ Pezzati, Alex (2000). "A Crowning Achievement: Zelia Nuttall in Czarist Russia". Expedition. 42 (2): 7–8.
  17. ^ Cushing, F. H. (1896). Preliminary Report on the Exploration of Ancient Key-dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida (Public domain ed.). MacCalla. pp. 446–447.
  18. ^ Nunn, John F. (2002). Ancient Egyptian Medicine. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 35.
  19. ^ Bonfils, Winifred Black (1991). The Life and Personality of Phoebe Apperson Hearst (Reproduced from the original edition of 1928 ed.). San Simeon, California: Friends of Hearst Castle. pp. 81–83. ISBN 0-945092-22-9.
  20. ^ The Christian Advocate. T. Carlton & J. Porter. 1916. pp. 218–.
  21. ^ Nickliss, Alexandra M. (2018). Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 367.
  22. ^ Nickliss, Alexandra M. (2018). Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 370.
  23. ^ Nickliss, Alexandra M. (2018). Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 371.
  24. ^ Nickliss, Alexandra M. (2018). Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 383.
  25. ^ Owens, Billie Louise & Robert James (1976), Sons of Frontiersmen: History & Genealogy of Rowland, Whitmire and Associated Families, Billie Louise and Robert James Owens, p. 62
  26. ^ Sandra Hutchinson; Richard Hollinger (2006). "Women in the North American Baha'i Community". In Keller, Rosemary Skinner; Ruether, Rosemary Radford; Cantlon, Marie (eds.). Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America: Native American creation stories. Indiana University Press. pp. 776–786. ISBN 0-253-34687-8.
  27. ^ Leigh Eric Schmidt (6 August 2012). Restless Souls: The Making of American Spirituality. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95411-3.
  28. ^ Hogenson, Kathryn J. (2010), Lighting the Western Sky: The Hearst Pilgrimage & Establishment of the Baha'i Faith in the West, George Ronald, p. 60, ISBN 978-0-85398-543-3
  29. ^ Nakhjavani, Violette (1996). Maxwells of Montreal, The. George Ronald. pp. 52, 70. ISBN 978-0-85398-551-8.
  30. ^ Keller, Rosemary Skinner; Ruether, Rosemary Radford; Cantlon, Marie (2006), Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Indiana University Press, p. 777, ISBN 0-253-34685-1
  31. ^ Robinson, Judith (1991), The Hearsts, University of Delaware Press, pp. 311–312, ISBN 0-87413-383-1
  32. ^ Hatcher, W.S.; Martin, J.D. (1998), The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion, San Francisco: Harper & Row, pp. 52–53, ISBN 0-87743-264-3
  33. ^ Van den Hoonaard, Will C. (1996), The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 17, 36, 356 pages, ISBN 0-88920-272-9
  34. ^ Adams, Isaac (1906), Persia by a Persian: Personal Experiences, Manners, Customs, Habits, Religious and Social Life in Persia, New York Public Library: E. Stock, p. 489
  35. ^ Effendi, Shoghi (1974), God Passes By, Wilmette: Baháʼí Pub. Trust, ISBN 0-87743-020-9
  36. ^ Kathryn Jewett Hogenson (Oct 23, 2013) [May 1, 2010]. Lighting the Western Sky - The Hearst Pilgrimage and the Establishment of the Baha'i Faith in the West (Kindle ed.). Oxford,UK: George Ronald. ISBN 978-0-85398-543-3. OCLC 650516706. B00G5U5FW2.
  37. ^ Charles Mason Remey (1955) [1949]. Reminiscences of the summer school Green-Acre, Eliot, Maine: of seasons there, of happenings there, and some of the people who went there and the things they did. pp. 7–8.
  38. ^ Richardson, Robert P. (March 1931). "The Rise and Fall of the Parliament of Religions at Greenacre". The Open Court. XLVI (3): 128–166. Retrieved Oct 22, 2013.
  39. ^ Anne Gordon Atkinson (1997). "Introduction to Green Acre Baháʼí School". Bahai-Library.com. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  40. ^ "Hooe will is filed". The Washington Herald. Washington, District of Columbia. 13 Jan 1911. p. 12. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  41. ^ a b c Balyuzi, H.M. (2001). ʻAbdu'l-Bahá: The Centre of the Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh (Paperback ed.). Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 308–309. ISBN 0-85398-043-8.
  42. ^ "PCAD - Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, House, Pleasanton, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  43. ^ "Mrs. Phoebe Hearst Dies in California. Her Son, W.R. Hearst, at Her Bedside When the End Came. Lived on the Frontier. Gave Millions to University of California and Cathedral School for Girls. Her Gifts to Art and Education. A Leader in Washington". The New York Times. April 13, 1919. Retrieved May 20, 2017. Pleasanton, California, April 13, 1919. Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst, widow of George Hearst, who was United States Senator from California, and mother of William Randolph Hearst, the publisher, died at her home here today, after an illness of several weeks.
  44. ^ "Buried at Cypress: A Billionaire and a Medical Mystery". Cypress Lawn. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021. Phoebe Hearst commissioned the mausoleum, which is a reproduction of the Temple of Athena Nike in the Acropolis and features 16 granite columns.

Further reading edit

  • Nickliss, Alexandra M. ""Phoebe Apperson Hearst's 'Gospel of Wealth,' 1883–1901," Pacific Historical Review 71#4 (Nov. 2002) pp 575–605.
  • Nickliss, Alexandra M. Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics (Bison Books, 2018) [ISBN missing]
  • Paul, Rodman Wilson. "Phoebe Apperson Hearst," in Edward T. James et al. eds. Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary (3 vols., 1971), 2: 171. [ISBN missing]

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phoebe Apperson Hearst.
  • Phoebe Apperson Hearst online archive, The Bancroft Library
  • The founding of the organization by Phoebe Apperson Hearst and Alice McLellan Birney

January 01, 1970
phoebe, hearst, phoebe, elizabeth, apperson, hearst, december, 1842, april, 1919, american, philanthropist, feminist, suffragist, hearst, founder, university, california, museum, anthropology, called, phoebe, hearst, museum, anthropology, founder, national, pa. Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson Hearst December 3 1842 April 13 1919 was an American philanthropist feminist and suffragist 1 Hearst was the founder of the University of California Museum of Anthropology now called the Phoebe A Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the co founder of the National Parent Teacher Association Phoebe HearstPhoebe Apperson Hearst Who s who among the women of CaliforniaBornPhoebe Elizabeth Apperson 1842 12 03 December 3 1842Saint Clair Missouri USDiedApril 13 1919 1919 04 13 aged 76 Pleasanton California USResting placeCypress Lawn Memorial ParkNationalityAmericanOccupationPhilanthropistSpouseGeorge Hearst m 1862 died 1891 wbr ChildrenWilliam Randolph Hearst Contents 1 Early life 2 Family life 3 Philanthropy 4 Religion 5 Death 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksEarly life editShe was born Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson in St Clair Missouri in Franklin County the daughter of Drucilla Whitmire and Randolph Walker Apperson In her early years Phoebe studied to be a teacher Her childhood consisted of helping her father with finances at his store learning French and playing the piano 2 In 1860 businessman George Hearst met Phoebe when he returned to St Clair to care for his dying mother When they married on June 15 1862 George Hearst was 41 years old and Phoebe was 19 Family life edit nbsp Mrs Phoebe Apperson Hearst s house 1400 New Hampshire Avenue N W Washington D C by Frances Benjamin Johnston Soon after their marriage 3 the couple left Missouri and moved to San Francisco California where Phoebe gave birth to their only child William Randolph Hearst 4 As a very successful miner who later became a U S senator 5 George often left Phoebe alone during his work 2 6 She and her son were close and had many similar interests including art and design 7 After Phoebe s death in 1919 William inherited a 10 million fortune 2 Philanthropy editIn the 1880s she became a major benefactor and director of the Golden Gate Kindergarten Association 8 and the first president of the Century Club of California 9 In 1902 Hearst funded the construction of a building to provide teacher training and to house kindergarten classes and the association s offices 10 The association had 26 schools at the time of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 11 Hearst was a major benefactor of the University of California Berkeley and its first woman regent serving on the board from 1897 until her death 12 That year she contributed to the establishment of the National Congress of Mothers which evolved eventually into the National Parent Teacher Association In 1900 she co founded the all girls National Cathedral School in Washington DC A nearby public elementary school bears her name 13 Hearst funded the Hearst Library in Anaconda Montana in 1898 She maintained it until 1904 14 Hearst became a close friend of Dr William Pepper provost of the University of Pennsylvania who was also a medical doctor who treated her for a heart condition In 1896 in her first major act of museum philanthropy she donated more than two hundred objects to the Penn Museum many of them items such as Anasazi ceramics excavated from the Cliff Palace site of Mesa Verde Colorado 15 1 Later she also funded a Penn Museum expedition to Russia and sent the Aztec specialist Zelia Nuttall to Moscow for this purpose 16 In 1901 Phoebe Hearst founded the University of California Museum of Anthropology later called the Robert H Lowie Museum of Anthropology and renamed the Phoebe A Hearst Museum of Anthropology in 1992 The original collection comprised 230 000 objects representing cultures and civilizations throughout history The museum now contains about 3 8 million objects Throughout her lifetime and as provided in her will Hearst donated over 60 000 objects to the museum She also funded expeditions such as the Pepper Hearst expedition 1895 1897 on the coast of Florida near Tarpon Springs 17 Most notable are the 1899 expeditions in Egypt by American archaeologist George A Reisner and in Peru by German archaeologist Max Uhle 18 These ventures further contributed to the museum s collection Among these are approximately 20 000 ancient Egyptian artifacts the largest such collection west of Chicago Hearst also realized the importance of preserving Native Californian culture With her support anthropologist Alfred L Kroeber and his students including Robert F Heizer documented Native Californian culture in the form of photographs audio recordings texts and artifacts This research helped to preserve approximately 250 000 Native Californian artifacts the most extensive in the world The museum collection is available to students and researchers for examination A gallery located on the University of California Berkeley campus is available for public view Hearst was named to the Mount Vernon Ladies Association as the second vice regent representing California She held that position from 1889 to 1918 contributing much time and money to the restoration of George Washington s home at Mount Vernon furnishing it with Washington owned objects and improving the visitor experience The William Randolph Hearst Foundation continues to fund projects at Mount Vernon in her memory 19 Hearst also donated money to the restoration of Pohick Church in Virginia 20 Hearst chose a different way than radical feminists 21 While she believed in women having financial freedom in her support for women s suffrage she did not strongly believe in women gaining political power She thought women should have the right to vote to protect homes and children 22 In 1895 when the Women s Congress resolved for the passage of a federal amendment Hearst supported it distantly 23 She officially declared herself in favor of suffrage in the summer of 1911 saying it would enable the betterment of conditions affecting children and women particularly 24 Religion edit nbsp Resting place of Phoebe Hearst at Cypress Lawn Cemetery in San Bruno California Hearst was raised a member of the Christian Cumberland Presbyterian community in the 1840s 25 In 1898 she declared her belief in the Bahaʼi Faith 26 and helped play a key role in the spread of the religion in the United States Hearst had already been an early investor in the initiative of Sarah Farmer using the Greenacre Inn as a summer center of cross religion gatherings and cultural development shortly after the 1893 Parliament of Religions 27 p 193 In November 1898 Hearst with Lua Getsinger and others briefly stopped off in Paris on their way to Palestine and was shocked to see May Bolles later Maxwell later a well known American member of the Bahaʼi Faith bedridden with the chronic malady with which she had been afflicted 28 Hearst invited Bolles to travel to Palestine with her believing that the change of air would be conducive to her health Getsinger disclosed to Bolles the purpose of the journey a pilgrimage to visit the then head of the Bahaʼi Faith ʻAbdu l Baha 29 The group travelled to Akka and Haifa in Ottoman Palestine on pilgrimage arriving on December 14 1898 30 31 32 33 They were the very first Westerners to make the pilgrimage and meet ʻAbdu l Baha Hearst later wrote Those three days were the most memorable days of my life 34 35 Yet after the first pilgrimage attempts at correspondence on behalf of Hearst by Lua Getsinger were leaked naming her involvement in the religion at a time of rising considerations of her son s political activities and so Hearst dismissed the Getsingers from their stay at her home in 1901 36 Kindle 6195 Still in the spring of 1901 Hearst also met with Sarah Farmer again 37 and invested again in Green Acre as it came to be called in 1902 38 and further an agent of Hearst acted for Sarah Farmer when she changed her will in 1909 to bequeath Green Acre to the Bahaʼis in the event of Farmer s death 39 40 Hearst had also been a victim of an incident seeking to extort money from her which had caused her estrangement from some Baha is 41 In October 1912 she invited ʻAbdu l Baha who was travelling throughout the United States to stay at her home for a long weekend even though at that time she had become estranged from the Baha i community 41 During his stay ʻAbdu l Baha mentioned that anyone who tried to extort money or goods from others should not be considered a true Baha i 41 Death editShe died at her home Hacienda del Pozo de Verona 42 in Pleasanton California aged 76 on April 13 1919 during the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918 1919 and was buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma California 6 43 44 References edit Nickliss Alexandra November 2002 Phoebe Apperson Hearst s Gospel of Wealth 1883 1901 Pacific Historical Review 71 4 525 605 doi 10 1525 phr 2002 71 4 575 a b c Kastner Victoria Garagliano Victoria 2009 Hearst s San Simeon the Gardens and the Land New York Harry N Abrams pp 34 25 13 ISBN 978 0 81097 290 2 Crawford County Missouri Marriage Book Volume B page 139 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Hearst Castle hearstcastle org 2012 11 15 Retrieved 2024 01 18 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Hearst Castle hearstcastle org 2012 11 15 Retrieved 2024 01 18 a b Phoebe Apperson Hearst 1842 1919 Hearst Castle archived from the original on 2007 06 29 retrieved 2007 06 18 Kastner Victoria 2000 Hearst Castle the Biography of a Country House New York Harry N Abrams p 23 ISBN 978 0 81097 290 2 Edward T James ed 1971 Notable American Women 1607 1950 vol II Belknap Press of Harvard University Press p 171 Century Club of California 1893 Historical Sketch Century Club of California Phoebe Apperson Hearst Hearst Castle hearstcastle org 2012 11 15 Retrieved 2024 01 18 Development Phoebe Hearst Preschool www phoebehearstpreschool org Retrieved 2015 12 03 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Hearst Castle hearstcastle org 2012 11 15 Retrieved 2024 01 18 Hearst Elementary School Retrieved February 2 2016 The Library s History Hearst Free Library Archived from the original on January 31 2016 Retrieved January 29 2016 Jacknis Ira 1999 Patrons Potters and Painters Phoebe Hearst s Collections from the American Southwest in Collecting Native America 1870 1960 ed Shepard Krech III and Barbara A Hail Washington D C Smithsonian Institution Press pp 144 158 161 62 164 footnote 13 Pezzati Alex 2000 A Crowning Achievement Zelia Nuttall in Czarist Russia Expedition 42 2 7 8 Cushing F H 1896 Preliminary Report on the Exploration of Ancient Key dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida Public domain ed MacCalla pp 446 447 Nunn John F 2002 Ancient Egyptian Medicine University of Oklahoma Press p 35 Bonfils Winifred Black 1991 The Life and Personality of Phoebe Apperson Hearst Reproduced from the original edition of 1928 ed San Simeon California Friends of Hearst Castle pp 81 83 ISBN 0 945092 22 9 The Christian Advocate T Carlton amp J Porter 1916 pp 218 Nickliss Alexandra M 2018 Phoebe Apperson Hearst A Life of Power and Politics Lincoln University of Nebraska Press p 367 Nickliss Alexandra M 2018 Phoebe Apperson Hearst A Life of Power and Politics Lincoln University of Nebraska Press p 370 Nickliss Alexandra M 2018 Phoebe Apperson Hearst A Life of Power and Politics Lincoln University of Nebraska Press p 371 Nickliss Alexandra M 2018 Phoebe Apperson Hearst A Life of Power and Politics Lincoln University of Nebraska Press p 383 Owens Billie Louise amp Robert James 1976 Sons of Frontiersmen History amp Genealogy of Rowland Whitmire and Associated Families Billie Louise and Robert James Owens p 62 Sandra Hutchinson Richard Hollinger 2006 Women in the North American Baha i Community In Keller Rosemary Skinner Ruether Rosemary Radford Cantlon Marie eds Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America Native American creation stories Indiana University Press pp 776 786 ISBN 0 253 34687 8 Leigh Eric Schmidt 6 August 2012 Restless Souls The Making of American Spirituality University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 95411 3 Hogenson Kathryn J 2010 Lighting the Western Sky The Hearst Pilgrimage amp Establishment of the Baha i Faith in the West George Ronald p 60 ISBN 978 0 85398 543 3 Nakhjavani Violette 1996 Maxwells of Montreal The George Ronald pp 52 70 ISBN 978 0 85398 551 8 Keller Rosemary Skinner Ruether Rosemary Radford Cantlon Marie 2006 Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America Indiana University Press p 777 ISBN 0 253 34685 1 Robinson Judith 1991 The Hearsts University of Delaware Press pp 311 312 ISBN 0 87413 383 1 Hatcher W S Martin J D 1998 The Bahaʼi Faith The Emerging Global Religion San Francisco Harper amp Row pp 52 53 ISBN 0 87743 264 3 Van den Hoonaard Will C 1996 The Origins of the Baha i Community of Canada 1898 1948 Wilfrid Laurier University Press pp 17 36 356 pages ISBN 0 88920 272 9 Adams Isaac 1906 Persia by a Persian Personal Experiences Manners Customs Habits Religious and Social Life in Persia New York Public Library E Stock p 489 Effendi Shoghi 1974 God Passes By Wilmette Bahaʼi Pub Trust ISBN 0 87743 020 9 Kathryn Jewett Hogenson Oct 23 2013 May 1 2010 Lighting the Western Sky The Hearst Pilgrimage and the Establishment of the Baha i Faith in the West Kindle ed Oxford UK George Ronald ISBN 978 0 85398 543 3 OCLC 650516706 B00G5U5FW2 Charles Mason Remey 1955 1949 Reminiscences of the summer school Green Acre Eliot Maine of seasons there of happenings there and some of the people who went there and the things they did pp 7 8 Richardson Robert P March 1931 The Rise and Fall of the Parliament of Religions at Greenacre The Open Court XLVI 3 128 166 Retrieved Oct 22 2013 Anne Gordon Atkinson 1997 Introduction to Green Acre Bahaʼi School Bahai Library com Retrieved August 2 2015 Hooe will is filed The Washington Herald Washington District of Columbia 13 Jan 1911 p 12 Retrieved August 7 2015 a b c Balyuzi H M 2001 ʻAbdu l Baha The Centre of the Covenant of Bahaʼu llah Paperback ed Oxford UK George Ronald pp 308 309 ISBN 0 85398 043 8 PCAD Hearst Phoebe Apperson House Pleasanton CA pcad lib washington edu Retrieved 15 February 2021 Mrs Phoebe Hearst Dies in California Her Son W R Hearst at Her Bedside When the End Came Lived on the Frontier Gave Millions to University of California and Cathedral School for Girls Her Gifts to Art and Education A Leader in Washington The New York Times April 13 1919 Retrieved May 20 2017 Pleasanton California April 13 1919 Mrs Phoebe Apperson Hearst widow of George Hearst who was United States Senator from California and mother of William Randolph Hearst the publisher died at her home here today after an illness of several weeks Buried at Cypress A Billionaire and a Medical Mystery Cypress Lawn 4 September 2019 Archived from the original on 19 February 2021 Retrieved 19 February 2021 Phoebe Hearst commissioned the mausoleum which is a reproduction of the Temple of Athena Nike in the Acropolis and features 16 granite columns Further reading editNickliss Alexandra M Phoebe Apperson Hearst s Gospel of Wealth 1883 1901 Pacific Historical Review 71 4 Nov 2002 pp 575 605 Nickliss Alexandra M Phoebe Apperson Hearst A Life of Power and Politics Bison Books 2018 ISBN missing Paul Rodman Wilson Phoebe Apperson Hearst in Edward T James et al eds Notable American Women 1607 1950 A Biographical Dictionary 3 vols 1971 2 171 ISBN missing External links edit nbsp Biography portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phoebe Apperson Hearst Phoebe Apperson Hearst online archive The Bancroft Library History of the PTA 1897 1899 The founding of the organization by Phoebe Apperson Hearst and Alice McLellan Birney Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Phoebe Hearst amp oldid 1215486084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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