Petr Pavel
Petr Pavel (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpɛtr̩ ˈpavɛl]; born 1 November 1961) is a Czech politician and retired four-star army general who is the president-elect of the Czech Republic. He previously served as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 2015 to 2018, and as the Chief of the General Staff of the Czech Armed Forces from 2012 to 2015.
Petr Pavel | |
|---|---|
Pavel in 2020 | |
| President-elect of the Czech Republic | |
| Assuming office 9 March 2023 | |
| Prime Minister | Petr Fiala |
| Succeeding | Miloš Zeman |
| Chair of the NATO Military Committee | |
| In office 26 June 2015 – 29 June 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Knud Bartels |
| Succeeded by | Stuart Peach |
| Chief of the General Staff | |
| In office 1 July 2012 – 1 May 2015 | |
| President | Václav Klaus Miloš Zeman |
| Preceded by | Vlastimil Picek |
| Succeeded by | Josef Bečvář |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 November 1961 Planá, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) |
| Political party | Independent (since 1989) |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1985–1989) |
| Spouse(s) | Hana Pavlová (m. 1986–2001) |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater | Military School of Ground Forces Military Academy King's College London |
| Awards | Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic Medal of Heroism Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) Croix de guerre (France) |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Czechoslovakia (1983–1992) Czech Republic (since 1993) |
| Branch/service | Czech Army |
| Years of service | 1983–2018 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | |
Born in Planá to a military family, Pavel enlisted right after graduating from high school in 1983. His time in the Czechoslovak People's Army and membership in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia are a frequent source of criticism. Following the Velvet Revolution, Pavel joined the newly established Czech Army and participated in the evacuation of Karin Base in Croatia which earned him praise and international recognition. Pavel rose through the ranks of the military to become the Chief of the General Staff of the Czech Armed Forces from 2012 to 2015. He was subsequently selected as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee between 2015 and 2018, becoming the first military officer from the former Eastern Bloc to hold the post. He retired from the military and was discharged with honors after his term expired.
In 2021, Pavel announced his bid to become the country's president in the 2023 Czech presidential election. He ran on a platform of closer cooperation with NATO allies, support for Ukraine and greater involvement in the European Union. He embraced a hawkish stance on Russia and China. Pavel won the first round of the election with 35 percent and went on to win the runoff against Andrej Babiš with 58 percent of the vote, to become the country's fourth president. Pavel will be inaugurated on 9 March 2023, succeeding Miloš Zeman. He will become the first president with a military background since Ludvík Svoboda and the first without political experience.
Early life and education
Pavel was born on 1 November 1961 in Planá, then part of Czechoslovakia, to a military family. He graduated from the military gymnasium in Opava. He continued his studies at the Military School of Ground Forces in Vyškov, graduating in 1983. He joined the Czechoslovak Army as a paratrooper, serving as a platoon leader. In 1985, Pavel joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, remaining a member until the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia in 1989. He later referred to his membership in the party as a mistake,[1] which he atoned for by serving the democratic cause.[2]
Pavel continued his military studies at the Military Academy in Brno (later united with the University of Defence) from 1988 to 1991. After the Velvet Revolution, he studied at Defense Intelligence College in Bethesda, Staff College in Camberley, Royal College of Defence Studies in London, and graduated from King's College London with a Master's degree in international relations.[3]
Military career
Serving in the United Nations Protection Force
After graduating, Pavel worked in the Military Intelligence service from 1991 to 1993 and in the General Staff of the Czech Armed Forces.[4]
Pavel served in the Czechoslovak troop contingent of the United Nations Protection Force in Bosnia. In January 1993, his unit was sent as part of the evacuation of Karin Base, where French soldiers were under siege by Serbian troops. The French Army was unable to evacuate the base due to the local infrastructure and bridge having been destroyed, and the Czech Army was sent to conduct the evacuation as they were situated only 30 kilometres from the base. Pavel went to the base with 29 soldiers and 2 OT-64 SKOT armed transporters. During the two-hour journey, Pavel's unit faced various obstacles that slowed down the operation, including fallen trees on a road which soldiers had to remove while under mortar fire. When the unit reached the base, two French soldiers were dead and a few others injured. Eventually, 55 French soldiers were evacuated from the base in armed transporters.[5][6][7]
Pavel was recognized and awarded both in the Czech Republic and in France for his actions during the rescue.[8]
Senior management career
After the operation in Bosnia, Pavel served in various positions in the Czech Army, including military intelligence and diplomacy. He represented the Czech Republic in several military diplomatic positions in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the United States.
From 1993 to 1994, Pavel was the deputy military attaché of the Czech Republic in Belgium. From 1999 to 2002, he was the representative at the NATO headquarters in Brunssum. In 2003, he served as the National Military Representative at the United States Central Command at Operation Enduring Freedom headquarters in Tampa. During the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, he served as a liaison officer at the American headquarters in Qatar. During this time, he warned that Iraq might use weapons of mass destruction against invading forces.[9]
Pavel was appointed brigadier general in 2002. From 2002 to 2007, he served as the commander of the specialized forces, the deputy commander of the joint forces and the deputy director of the section of the Ministry of Defence. In the years 2007–2009, he was the military representative of the Czech Republic at the European Union in Brussels, and subsequently in the years 2010–2011 was the representative of the Czech Republic at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in Mons.[10] Pavel became major general in 2010 and lieutenant general in 2012. In 2011, he was a member of the expert commission that wrote the White Book on Defense, evaluating the state and proposing measures to improve the defense of the Czech Republic.[11][12]
Pavel served as Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic from July 2011 to June 2012. On 1 June 2012, he was promoted to Chief of the General Staff. In this position, he organised cooperation between the army and academics and forums on defence and security issues.[13]
Chairmanship of the NATO Military Committee
Already a general of the army, Pavel was nominated by the Cabinet of Bohuslav Sobotka as Chair of the NATO Military Committee in July 2014, and elected to this position in Vilnius in September 2014, beating candidates from Italy and Greece.[14] He was the first chair of the organisation from a former Warsaw Pact member. His mandate commenced in 2015. During his chairmanship, Pavel implemented the decisions taken at the 2014 Wales summit, including the Readiness Action Plan. He reestablished dialogue with Russia, disrupted after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation,[15] even though he considered Russia a major threat.[16]
At the end of his term of office in 2018, Jens Stoltenberg, the secretary general of NATO to whom Pavel was an advisor, commended Pavel for leading the Military Committee with great distinction during a key period in NATO's history.[17] He was awarded the Commander of the Legion of Merit for his work in the Military Committee.[18]
Retirement from the army
Following his departure from the army in 2018, Pavel became a lecturer and consultant,[19] and he participated in the conferences of the Aspen Institute.[20]
On 6 April 2020, Pavel launched the initiative Spolu silnější (Stronger Together), with the aim of helping people linked with the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic, especially crowdfunding financial assistance for volunteers helping in hospitals and creating medical tools. The initiative also aimed to prepare the country for future crises.[21]
Pavel gathered various experts in the initiative including head of the State Office for Nuclear Safety Dana Drábová, businessman Martin Hausenblas, president of the Czech Society of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine Jana Šeblová, and former governor of the Olomouc region Jan Březina.[22] Pavel started traveling around Czech regions and gathering information about the fight against the epidemic from experts, authorities and institutions.[23] Based on the initiative's findings, Pavel met Prime Minister Andrej Babiš to present him an anti-crisis plan created by the initiative.[24]
Some political commentators such as Petr Holec and Ondřej Leinert linked the initiative to Pavel's potential presidential bid, noting similarities with Hillary Clinton's slogan during the 2016 United States presidential election.[25][26]
2023 presidential campaign
In 2019, leaders of the Civic Democratic Party, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09, Mayors and Independents, and Czech Pirate Party met to discuss potential candidates for the next presidential election. Pavel was reported to be the most discussed candidate at the meeting.[27]
On 29 June 2022, Pavel announced his intention to run in the 2023 Czech presidential election. He said he wanted to win the election so that the Czech Republic would not have to feel embarrassed by its president.[28] Pavel launched his official campaign on 6 September 2022, saying he wanted to "return order and peace to the Czech Republic",[29] running on a pro-Western,[30] pro-European,[31] and anti-populist platform,[32] the views he consistently represented throughout his senior military management career.[33] On 4 October 2022, he was one of three candidates endorsed by the Spolu electoral alliance (the Civic Democratic Party, KDU-ČSL, and TOP 09).[34]
The first round was held on 13 and 14 January 2023. Pavel received 1,975,056 votes (35.4%). He finished narrowly ahead of former Czech prime minister Andrej Babiš, with whom he advanced to second round.[35] Pavel defeated Babiš in the second round, receiving 58.32% of the vote (3,358,926 votes) to Babiš's 41.67%.[36] On the same day, the president of Slovakia Zuzana Čaputová personally congratulated him on his victory in Prague.[37] Pavel will succeed outgoing president Miloš Zeman on 9 March.[38]
Besides Slovakia, Pavel plans his first foreign trips to Poland and Ukraine to reassure the Czech Republic's international commitments and express support to Ukraine against the 2022 Russian invasion.[37] Polish president Andrzej Duda and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy were also the first foreign leaders he spoke to as president-elect.[39]
Political views
Pavel holds progressive views on socio-cultural issues.[40][41] He supports same-sex marriage and adoption rights for homosexual people,[42] and confirmed he would not veto a law permitting recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic.[43] Pavel spoke out for active Czech membership in the European Union and NATO, supports the introduction of euthanasia,[44] and rejects the death penalty.[45] In 2019, he argued that rich people should pay higher taxes and supports stronger redistribution of wealth. He has cited Scandinavian countries as an inspiration.[46] He holds Atlanticist and pro-Western views.[47]
During the presidential campaign, Pavel described himself as "right of centre, with a strong social emphasis".[43] He said he voted for the centre-right Spolu alliance in the 2021 Czech legislative election.[48] He discussed political support from Spolu during the early stages of his presidential bid, eventually stating that he did not want to be its nominee, but would welcome its endorsement.[49] Spolu endorsed him in October 2022 together with two other candidates.[34] Pavel said he had voted for Karel Schwarzenberg in both rounds of the 2013 Czech presidential election. In 2018 Czech presidential election, he voted for Pavel Fischer in the first round and Jiří Drahoš in the second.[50]
Asked if he would have fought against the West in the event of a war before November 1989, Pavel said that "a soldier defends his country and the people who live in it. ... every soldier fights for the people he likes and for whom it is worth sacrificing his life".[32] He supported Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion, which he described as a "war against the system of international relations", calling for military and humanitarian aid.[51] He said that the West should have acted more forcefully in response to the invasion. He argued that following the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the control of parts of the Donbas by Russian-backed separatists, the West should have established protected corridors for civilians enforced by the OSCE. Once the invasion began, he expressed the view that the Russian army would be able to hold what they had occupied, and Ukraine would not have sufficient resources to push out the Russian military, including Crimea, even with the help of Western countries.[32] In December 2022, he stated that Ukraine could win the war and pointed to the importance of aid to Ukraine for the security of the Czech Republic.[52]
After his election as Chair of the NATO Military Committee in 2014, Pavel criticised political correctness, arguing that it creates an environment in which those in charge are told only what they want to hear. He said that during his tenure as Chair of the NATO Military Committee he saw many Chiefs of General Staff who were unable to call problems by their right name due to political correctness.[53] Following accusations that the Czech Republic would be mobilized and directly involved in the war in Ukraine if he won, due to his military past, Pavel stated:
"I know what war is and I certainly don't wish it on anyone. The first thing I would do is try to keep the country as far away from war as possible. But I'm not saying that keeping a country as far away from war as possible means resigning yourself to bad things that are happening. Because if we just watch, the war will come to us too. ... Soldiers do not start wars. Politicians start them, and then soldiers solve it for them."[54][55]
Personal life
Pavel speaks Czech, English, French, and Russian. He has two sons with his first wife, Hana; they later divorced. He is married to his second wife, Eva Pavlová,[56][57] who holds the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Czech Army.[58] Before 2012, Pavel moved to Černouček, where he has lived ever since.[59] Pavel holds a concealed carry license.[60]
Honours
National honours
- Czechoslovakia: Medal for Service to the Fatherland (1988)
- Czech Republic: Medal of Heroism (1995)
- Czech Republic: Medal ribbon For service in the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
- Czech Republic: Medal of Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, 1st, 2nd & 3rd Class
- Czech Republic: Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic, 2nd & 3rd Class
- Czech Republic: Medal of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic For service abroad, 3rd & 3rd Class
- Czech Republic: Honorary Commemorative Badge For the Service of Peace
- Czech Republic: State Defence Cross of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic (2018)
Foreign honours
- United Nations: United Nations 'In The Service Of Peace' Medal – UNPROFOR (1995)
- France: Croix de Guerre with Bronze Star (1995)
- France: Officier of the Legion of Honour (2012)
- Bulgaria: Badge of Honour of the Ministry of Defence "Saint George", 1st Class (2017)
- Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (2018)
- United States: Commander of the Legion of Merit (2018)
See also
References
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- ^ Pánik, Jan; Laštůvka, Vojtěch. "Členství v KSČ nechci zlehčovat, ale 33 let jsem sloužil demokracii, říká Petr Pavel". Forum 24. Forum 24. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ "Chief of the General Staff of Armed Forces of the Czech Republic" (PDF). Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ "Pavel odmítl slova spolužáka, že o sobě neříká pravdu. Pomluvy od jednoho člověka, vzkázal". Forum 24. Forum 24. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ "Čeští vojáci v 90. letech v bývalé Jugoslávii obstáli, prozrazuje nová studie" (in Czech). Military History Institute Prague. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ "Armáda České Republiky. Symbol demokracie a státní suverenity" (PDF). mocr.cz (in Czech). pp. 102–103. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Lenková, Jitka (2007). Nejdůležitější bitvy v českých dějinách (in Czech) (Vyd. 1 ed.). Alpress. p. 282. ISBN 978-80-7362-470-5.
- ^ "UNPROFOR – mírová mise, 1992 – 1995, země bývalé Jugoslávie, 2250 příslušníků Zahraniční mise AČR". mise.army.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Dvořáček, Marek (25 March 2003). "Český generál: Chemický rozkaz může přijít". iDNES.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ^ "Generálporučík Pavel má nahradit Picka v čele armády". ČT24 (in Czech). Česká televize. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ^ Bílá kniha o obraně (PDF). Prague: Ministry of defense. 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ "Diskutujme víc o armádě, vyzývají tvůrci Bílé knihy veřejnost". mocr.army.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ Gazdík, Jan. "Přemýšlivý generál, skvělý diplomat i drzý chlápek. Petr Pavel dnes odchází do civilu". Economia. Aktuálně.cz. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ Lazarová, Daniela (22 September 2014). "Czech Army's chief of staff to head NATO's military committee". Radio Prague. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ Světnička, Lubomír. "Petr nebo Pavel? Generál, kacíř, bojovník i sexsymbol odchází do civilu". MAFRA. iDNES.cz. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
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- ^ "General Petr Pavel ends tenure as Chairman Military Committee, 29 JUN 2018". YouTube. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ ČTK. ""Skvěle vedl vojáky NATO". Generál Petr Pavel dostal nejvyšší americké vojenské vyznamenání". Economia. Aktuálně.cz. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ "Generál Petr Pavel odchází do po čtyřech dekádách do vojenského důchodu. Do politiky se nechystá". Info.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Petr Pavel – Aspen Institute". Aspen Institute Central Europe. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ "Generál Pavel založil iniciativu, která pomůže lidem v boji s koronavirem" (in Czech). iDNES.cz. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
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- ^ "Spolu silnější: Opatření proti koronaviru musí vláda sdělovat jednotně, apeluje generál Pavel". EuroZprávy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ Řeháková, Markéta (25 November 2020). "Generál Pavel představil Babišovi protikrizový plán. Česko by se podle něj mělo příště vyhnout chaotickým opatřením". Hospodářské noviny (HN.cz) (in Czech). Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ "Holec: Všechno má svůj čas. Generál Pavel "vykradl" Clintonovou a vyrazil do kampaně". Info.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ Lederer, Benedikt (7 April 2020). "Do řešení krize se pouští i generál Petr Pavel, politiku v tom nevidí". iHNed.cz (in Czech). Hospodářské noviny. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ "Začalo hledání nástupce Miloše Zemana. Vstoupit do boje neodmítá ani těžká váha politických válek". Seznamzpravy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Chci boj o Hrad vyhrát, říká generál Pavel. Velkou kampaň zahájí v srpnu". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 29 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ "Pavel chce vrátit Česku řád a klid. Zahájil oficiálně svůj boj o Pražský hrad". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Di Sario, Federica (14 January 2023). "Pro-Western retired general leads first round in Czech presidential election". Politico. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Bienvenu, Hélène. "Czech Republic: Petr Pavel's election brings back a pro-European moderate to the presidency". Le Monde. Le Monde. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Perknerová, Kateřina (5 August 2022). "Petr Pavel: Největším soupeřem je pro mě populismus". Deník.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ Sokol, Petr. "Kdo je generál Petr Pavel: Nejvýše postavený muž NATO, válečný hrdina, bývalý komunista i možný prezident". CZECH NEWS CENTER. Reflex. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ a b Spurný, Jaroslav (4 October 2022). "Nepřekvapivé i rozumné. Koalice SPOLU podpořila Fischera, Nerudovou a Pavla" (in Czech). Týdeník Respekt. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Holub, Petr; Mahdalová, Kateřina (14 January 2023). "Generál Pavel předstihl Babiše, oba suverénně ovládli první kolo". seznamzpravy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ ""Nevidím poražené a vítězné voliče," řekl Petr Pavel. Vyhrála podle něj pravda a respekt". ČT24. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Den po zvolení Pavel skládá tým, mluvil se Zelenským a chystá se do krajů". Česká televize. ČT24, ČTK. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
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- ^ Šídlová, Tereza. "Pavel přijímá gratulace ze světa. Volat si bude se Zelenským i s Tchaj-wanem". Seznam Zprávy. Seznam Zprávy. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ Lopatka, Jan (27 January 2023). "Pro-Western former general Pavel favoured as Czechs elect president". Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ "Petr Pavel: Ukraine supporter and war hero is the new Czech president". Euronews. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
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- ^ (in Czech). iDNES.CZ. 14 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
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- ^ "CELÝ ZÁZNAM První prezidentská debata v Blesku: O Zemanovi i škraloupech kandidátů. Babiš nedorazil". Blesk.cz (in Czech). Czech News Centre. 2 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ "Pavel zdůraznil nutnost podpory Ukrajiny". N media a.s. Deník N. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Adámek, Oliver. "Ukrajina může vyhrát válku, Rusové jsou frustrovaní. Jednat s Putinem nemá smysl, říká Petr Pavel". Czech News Center. Reflex. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ ""Chci se oprostit od politické korektnosti," říká Petr Pavel". ČT24 (in Czech). Česká televize. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Nic takového jsem nezažil, přijďte k volbám, řekl Pavel plnému náměstí v Ústí". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Bartkovský, Martin. "Pavel na Hrad křičely tisíce lidí v Ústí. Pak generál skočil do davu". Reflex.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ "General Petr Pavel, Chairman of the Military Committee". NATO. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ "Petr Pavel: Život generála, který může být prezidentem ČR". Reflex.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ "Nová první dáma Česka Eva Pavlová: Podplukovnice v záloze, inspirací pro ni je Olga Havlová".
- ^ "Petr Pavel odvolil. Komunální volby vnímá asi jako ty nejdůležitější pro běžného občana" (in Czech). Eurozprávy. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Zbraň mám i v civilu, řekl Pavel. Jako prezident by také jezdil na motorce" (in Czech). iDnes. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
External links
- Media related to Petr Pavel at Wikimedia Commons