Peter (Petter) Jacob Hjelm (2 October 1746 – 7 October 1813) was a Swedish chemist[1] and the first person to isolate the element molybdenum in 1781, four years after its discovery by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.[2][3] Working with Molybdic acid,[4] Hjelm chemically reduced molybdenum oxide with carbon in an oxygen-free atmosphere, resulting in carbon dioxide and a near-pure dark metal powder to which he gave the name 'molybdenum'. His first publication on molybdenum appeared in 1790.[5][4][6][7]
Hjelm was born at Sunnerbo in Småland, Sweden in 1746. The son of parish priest Erik Hjelm and Cecilia Cecilia Gistrénia, he was raised in the parish of Göteryd in Älmhult.[8]
Career
After studying at the University of Uppsala, he received his Ph.D. He became professor at the Mining academy and in 1782 he became Proberare of the Royal Mint, with the job of analyzing minerals to determine their content. From 1784 on he was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. His last position was as director of the Chemical Laboratory at the Ministry of Mining.[9][10]
References
^Poggendorff, J. C. (Johann Christian); Köstler, M.; Weichsel, L.; Salié, H.; Zaunick, R.; Stobbe, H.; Weinmeister, P. (1863). J.C. Poggendorffs biographisch-literarisches Handwörterbuch zur Geschichte der exacten Wissenschaften. Leipzig: J.A. Barth. pp. 1113-1114.
^P. J. Hjelm (1788). "Versuche mit Molybdäna, und Reduction der selben Erde". Svenska Vetensk. Academ. Handlingar. 49: 268.
^"Carl Wilhelm Scheele". Soylent Communications. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
^ abVoynick, Stephen M. (1996). Climax: The History of Colorado's Climax Molybdenum Mine. Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 8. ISBN9780878423545. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
^Jonmaire, Paul (2016). "Molybdenum". In Harbison, Raymond D.; Bourgeois, Marie M.; Johnson, Giffe T. (eds.). Hamilton & Hardy's industrial toxicology (5th ed.). Montreal: Mosby. p. 167. ISBN9780815141815.
^Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
^Weeks, Mary Elvira (March 1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (3): 459. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9..459W. doi:10.1021/ed009p459.
^Hofberg, Herman; Heurlin, Frithiof; Millqvist, Viktor; Rubenson, Olof, eds. (1906). "Hjelm, Peter Jakob". Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon (SBH). Vol. I (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Bonnier. p. 500. Retrieved December 1, 2018. Hjelm, Peter Jakob, kemist. Född d. 2 okt. 1746. Föräldrar: kyrkoherden i Göteryd af Vexiö stift Erik Hjelm och Cecilia Gistrén. H. blef student i Uppsala 1763 och disputerade där för filosofiska graden, ehuru han aldrig blef magister. Anställd som auskultant i bergskollegium 1774, utnämndes han 1782 till proberare vid myntet och förordnades 1794 till myntguardien och föreståndare för bergskollegii kemiska laboratorium. Död i Stockholm d. 7 okt 1813. H. berömmes icke blott som nitisk och verksam ämbetsman, utan äfven som utmärkt vetenskapsidkare. Om hans förtjänster i sistnämnda hänseende vittna hans i Vet.-akad:s Handl. införda, förträffliga afhandlingar, bland hvilka den om hans upptäckt att ur molybdensyran reducera molybdenmetallen förtjänar att ihågkommas.
^Association, IMOA International Molybdenum. "Molybdenum history". www.imoa.info. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
^Meijer, Bernhard, ed. (1909). "Hjelm, Petter Jakob". Nordisk familjebok; konversations-lexikon och realencyklopedi ny, reviderad och rikt illustrerad upplaga. Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlags aktiebolag. pp. 793–794. Retrieved December 1, 2018. Hjelm, Petter Jakob, kemist, f. 1746, d. 1813 i Stockholm, blef 1763 student i Uppsala, 1774 auskultant i Bergskollegium, 1782 proberare vid k. myntet, 1784 led. af Vet. akad. samt 1794 myntguardien och föreståndare vid Bergskollegii laboratorium chymicum. H. författade flera uppsatser i kemi, bergsvetenskap, metallurgi m. m., bland hvilka hans undersökningar öfver molybden, hvilket grundämne af honom först erhölls i metalliskt tillstånd, äro viktigast. H. lämnade äfven en geologisk beskrifning öfver Dalarnas porfyrbildningar.
Literature
Friedrich, Christoph (1989). "Deutsch-schwedische Wissenschaftsbeziehungen an der Universität Greifswald zwischen 1770 und 1850 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Chemie und Pharmazie". Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte. 12 (3): 177–192. doi:10.1002/bewi.19890120307. PMID 11629776.
This article about a Swedish scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
peter, jacob, hjelm, peter, petter, jacob, hjelm, october, 1746, october, 1813, swedish, chemist, first, person, isolate, element, molybdenum, 1781, four, years, after, discovery, swedish, chemist, carl, wilhelm, scheele, working, with, molybdic, acid, hjelm, . Peter Petter Jacob Hjelm 2 October 1746 7 October 1813 was a Swedish chemist 1 and the first person to isolate the element molybdenum in 1781 four years after its discovery by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele 2 3 Working with Molybdic acid 4 Hjelm chemically reduced molybdenum oxide with carbon in an oxygen free atmosphere resulting in carbon dioxide and a near pure dark metal powder to which he gave the name molybdenum His first publication on molybdenum appeared in 1790 5 4 6 7 Peter Jacob HjelmBorn 1746 10 02 2 October 1746Sunnerbo harad Smaland SwedenDied7 October 1813 1813 10 07 aged 67 Stockholm SwedenAlma materUniversity of Uppsala Contents 1 Childhood 2 Career 3 References 4 LiteratureChildhood EditHjelm was born at Sunnerbo in Smaland Sweden in 1746 The son of parish priest Erik Hjelm and Cecilia Cecilia Gistrenia he was raised in the parish of Goteryd in Almhult 8 Career EditAfter studying at the University of Uppsala he received his Ph D He became professor at the Mining academy and in 1782 he became Proberare of the Royal Mint with the job of analyzing minerals to determine their content From 1784 on he was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences His last position was as director of the Chemical Laboratory at the Ministry of Mining 9 10 References Edit Poggendorff J C Johann Christian Kostler M Weichsel L Salie H Zaunick R Stobbe H Weinmeister P 1863 J C Poggendorffs biographisch literarisches Handworterbuch zur Geschichte der exacten Wissenschaften Leipzig J A Barth pp 1113 1114 P J Hjelm 1788 Versuche mit Molybdana und Reduction der selben Erde Svenska Vetensk Academ Handlingar 49 268 Carl Wilhelm Scheele Soylent Communications Retrieved December 1 2018 a b Voynick Stephen M 1996 Climax The History of Colorado s Climax Molybdenum Mine Missoula Mont Mountain Press Pub Co p 8 ISBN 9780878423545 Retrieved 8 December 2019 Jonmaire Paul 2016 Molybdenum In Harbison Raymond D Bourgeois Marie M Johnson Giffe T eds Hamilton amp Hardy s industrial toxicology 5th ed Montreal Mosby p 167 ISBN 9780815141815 Weeks Mary Elvira 1956 The discovery of the elements 6th ed Easton PA Journal of Chemical Education Weeks Mary Elvira March 1932 The discovery of the elements V Chromium molybdenum tungsten and uranium Journal of Chemical Education 9 3 459 Bibcode 1932JChEd 9 459W doi 10 1021 ed009p459 Hofberg Herman Heurlin Frithiof Millqvist Viktor Rubenson Olof eds 1906 Hjelm Peter Jakob Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon SBH Vol I 2nd ed Stockholm Bonnier p 500 Retrieved December 1 2018 Hjelm Peter Jakob kemist Fodd d 2 okt 1746 Foraldrar kyrkoherden i Goteryd af Vexio stift Erik Hjelm och Cecilia Gistren H blef student i Uppsala 1763 och disputerade dar for filosofiska graden ehuru han aldrig blef magister Anstalld som auskultant i bergskollegium 1774 utnamndes han 1782 till proberare vid myntet och forordnades 1794 till myntguardien och forestandare for bergskollegii kemiska laboratorium Dod i Stockholm d 7 okt 1813 H berommes icke blott som nitisk och verksam ambetsman utan afven som utmarkt vetenskapsidkare Om hans fortjanster i sistnamnda hanseende vittna hans i Vet akad s Handl inforda fortraffliga afhandlingar bland hvilka den om hans upptackt att ur molybdensyran reducera molybdenmetallen fortjanar att ihagkommas Association IMOA International Molybdenum Molybdenum history www imoa info Retrieved 11 July 2018 Meijer Bernhard ed 1909 Hjelm Petter Jakob Nordisk familjebok konversations lexikon och realencyklopedi ny reviderad och rikt illustrerad upplaga Stockholm Nordisk familjeboks forlags aktiebolag pp 793 794 Retrieved December 1 2018 Hjelm Petter Jakob kemist f 1746 d 1813 i Stockholm blef 1763 student i Uppsala 1774 auskultant i Bergskollegium 1782 proberare vid k myntet 1784 led af Vet akad samt 1794 myntguardien och forestandare vid Bergskollegii laboratorium chymicum H forfattade flera uppsatser i kemi bergsvetenskap metallurgi m m bland hvilka hans undersokningar ofver molybden hvilket grundamne af honom forst erholls i metalliskt tillstand aro viktigast H lamnade afven en geologisk beskrifning ofver Dalarnas porfyrbildningar Literature EditFriedrich Christoph 1989 Deutsch schwedische Wissenschaftsbeziehungen an der Universitat Greifswald zwischen 1770 und 1850 unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Chemie und Pharmazie Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 12 3 177 192 doi 10 1002 bewi 19890120307 PMID 11629776 This article about a Swedish scientist is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This biographical article about a chemist is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peter Jacob Hjelm amp oldid 1133262072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
