Perkerdansk, Immigrant Danish or Gadedansk[1] is a multi-ethnolect[2][3] spoken in Denmark, a variety of Danish associated primarily with youth of Middle Eastern ethnic background. It is a contact variety that includes features of Danish as well as Arabic, Turkish, English and other immigrant languages. Particularly common in urban areas with high densities of immigrant populations, its features have also spread to general youth language in Denmark.
The term "perkerdansk" may be perceived as offensive, just as "perker" may be offensive slang for immigrants and descendants of primarily Middle-eastern origin. However, it may also be used as an endonym.
The following is an example of Danish spoken by two youth in Copenhagen. Speaker A speaks Berber as a first language and speaker B's first language is Kurdish. Nonetheless, their Danish includes elements of Arabic (wallah "I swear") and Turkish (kız "girl", para "money"), and English (I got "I have", -s plural ending on the Turkish word para).
A: wallah jeg siger min storebror han skylder mig 700 kroner jeg skal have 350 i dag og 350 om to uger. I got paras. Skal du til den der fest på fredag.
"Wallah I say my older brother he owes me 700 crowns I am getting 350 today and 350 in two weeks. I got paras. Are you going to that party on Friday?"
B: mm..
A: wallah man jeg siger dig efter den der tur jeg tænker bare på fest og kız.
"Wallah man I tell you after that trip I think only about party and kız"[2]
Other non-standard features are grammatical, such as the simplification of grammatical gender system, and syntactical, such as lack of word order inversion in subordinate clauses ("når man er i puberteten, man tænker mere") and after initial sentence adverb ("normalt man går på ungdomsskolen"); Standard Danish is a V2 language, with an exception for subordinate clauses. Phonetic features include the loss of stød in some words and an isochronic shift from being stress-timed to syllable-timed.[4]
The Danish poet Yahya Hassan made creative use of elements of immigrant Danish in his work.[5]
Quist, P. (2012). Skandinavisk i kontakt med indvandrersprog. Sprog i Norden, 43(1).
Nortier, J., & Dorleijn, M. (2013). Multi-ethnolects: Kebabnorsk, Perkerdansk, Verlan, Kanakensprache, Straattaal, etc. in Bakker, P., & Matras, Y. (Eds.). (2013). Contact languages: a comprehensive guide (Vol. 6). Walter de Gruyter.
Jørgensen, J. N. (2000). Perkerdansk-lovende perspektiver for det danske sprog. Dansk pædagogisk tidsskrift, (3), 8–15.
Quist, P. (2006). Perkerdansk og Rinkebysvensk. Kronik i Information 3. marts 2006.
Cheshire, J., Nortier, J., & Adger, D. (2015). Emerging multiethnolects in Europe.
Quist, Pia 2008 Sociolinguistic approaches to multiethnolect: Language variety and stylistic practice. International Journal of Bilingualism 12, 1-2: 43–62.
Quist, Pia and Janus Møller 2003 Research on youth language in Denmark. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 159: 45–55.
Quist, Pia 2000: Ny københavnsk 'multietnolekt'. Om sprogbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljøer. Danske Talesprog. Bind 1. Institut for Dansk Dialektforskning. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag. 143-212
Christensen, Mette Vedsgaard 2004: Arabiske ord i dansk hos unge i multietniske områder i Århus. I Dabelsteen & Arnfast (red.): Taler de dansk? Aktuel forskning i dansk som andetsprog. Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed, bind 37. Københavns Universitet.
Barding, Antonia, Kristina Maria Danielsen Eliasen, Marlene Kjærgaard Bjørn, Anja Falkner Matthiassen, Signe Elvstrøm, and Nathalia Barat. 2015, "Yahya Hassan-ironi og multietnolekt." BA thesis, Roskilde University Center [2].
January 01, 1970
perkerdansk, immigrant, danish, gadedansk, multi, ethnolect, spoken, denmark, variety, danish, associated, primarily, with, youth, middle, eastern, ethnic, background, contact, variety, that, includes, features, danish, well, arabic, turkish, english, other, i. Perkerdansk Immigrant Danish or Gadedansk 1 is a multi ethnolect 2 3 spoken in Denmark a variety of Danish associated primarily with youth of Middle Eastern ethnic background It is a contact variety that includes features of Danish as well as Arabic Turkish English and other immigrant languages Particularly common in urban areas with high densities of immigrant populations its features have also spread to general youth language in Denmark The term perkerdansk may be perceived as offensive just as perker may be offensive slang for immigrants and descendants of primarily Middle eastern origin However it may also be used as an endonym The following is an example of Danish spoken by two youth in Copenhagen Speaker A speaks Berber as a first language and speaker B s first language is Kurdish Nonetheless their Danish includes elements of Arabic wallah I swear and Turkish kiz girl para money and English I got I have s plural ending on the Turkish word para A wallah jeg siger min storebror han skylder mig 700 kroner jeg skal have 350 i dag og 350 om to uger I got paras Skal du til den der fest pa fredag Wallah I say my older brother he owes me 700 crowns I am getting 350 today and 350 in two weeks I got paras Are you going to that party on Friday dd B mm A wallah man jeg siger dig efter den der tur jeg taenker bare pa fest og kiz Wallah man I tell you after that trip I think only about party and kiz 2 dd Other non standard features are grammatical such as the simplification of grammatical gender system and syntactical such as lack of word order inversion in subordinate clauses nar man er i puberteten man taenker mere and after initial sentence adverb normalt man gar pa ungdomsskolen Standard Danish is a V2 language with an exception for subordinate clauses Phonetic features include the loss of stod in some words and an isochronic shift from being stress timed to syllable timed 4 The Danish poet Yahya Hassan made creative use of elements of immigrant Danish in his work 5 See also editKebabnorsk Rinkeby SwedishNotes edit Sufi Ali Cadin Tobias 2021 Gadedansk ordbogen 10 ars gadesprog Gronningen 1 ISBN 9788773390634 a b Multietnolekt University of Copenhagen 10 April 2015 Cheshire Nortier Adger 2015 Quist Pia 2000 Nydansk pa Norrebro in Mal og Maele November 2000 Barding et al 2015Bibliography editQuist P 2012 Skandinavisk i kontakt med indvandrersprog Sprog i Norden 43 1 Nortier J amp Dorleijn M 2013 Multi ethnolects Kebabnorsk Perkerdansk Verlan Kanakensprache Straattaal etc in Bakker P amp Matras Y Eds 2013 Contact languages a comprehensive guide Vol 6 Walter de Gruyter Jorgensen J N 2000 Perkerdansk lovende perspektiver for det danske sprog Dansk paedagogisk tidsskrift 3 8 15 Quist P 2006 Perkerdansk og Rinkebysvensk Kronik i Information 3 marts 2006 Cheshire J Nortier J amp Adger D 2015 Emerging multiethnolects in Europe 1 Quist Pia 2008 Sociolinguistic approaches to multiethnolect Language variety and stylistic practice International Journal of Bilingualism 12 1 2 43 62 Quist Pia and Janus Moller 2003 Research on youth language in Denmark International Journal of the Sociology of Language 159 45 55 Quist Pia 2000 Ny kobenhavnsk multietnolekt Om sprogbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljoer Danske Talesprog Bind 1 Institut for Dansk Dialektforskning Kobenhavn C A Reitzels Forlag 143 212 Christensen Mette Vedsgaard 2004 Arabiske ord i dansk hos unge i multietniske omrader i Arhus I Dabelsteen amp Arnfast red Taler de dansk Aktuel forskning i dansk som andetsprog Kobenhavnerstudier i tosprogethed bind 37 Kobenhavns Universitet Barding Antonia Kristina Maria Danielsen Eliasen Marlene Kjaergaard Bjorn Anja Falkner Matthiassen Signe Elvstrom and Nathalia Barat 2015 Yahya Hassan ironi og multietnolekt BA thesis Roskilde University Center 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Perkerdansk amp oldid 1180132862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
