The Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus) is a member of the pelican family. It lives on the west coast of South America, breeding in loose colonies from about 33.5 degrees south in central Chile to Piura in northern Peru, and occurring as a visitor in southern Chile and Ecuador.[2] It used to be considered a subspecies of the brown pelican.
These birds are dark in colour with a white stripe from the top of the bill up to the crown and down the sides of the neck. They have long tufted feathers on the top of their heads. It was previously considered a subspecies of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis). The Peruvian pelican is considerably larger, ranging from about 5 to 7 kg (11–15 lb) in weight, 137 to 152 cm (4.5–5.0 ft) in length and with a wingspan of about 228 cm (7.5 ft).[2][3] Compared to the brown pelican, it also has proportionally longer crest feathers, as well as differences in the colours of the gular pouch, beak, scapulars and greater wing coverts.[2]
Behaviouredit
Breedingedit
The main breeding season occurs from September to March. Clutch size is usually two or three eggs. Eggs are incubated for approximately 4 to 5 weeks, with the rearing period lasting about 3 months.
Peruvian pelicans feed on several species of fish. Unlike the brown pelican, they never dive from a great height to catch its food, instead diving from a shallow height or feeding while swimming on the surface.[5][6] On occasion they may take other food items, such as nestling of imperial shags, young Peruvian diving petrels, gray gulls and cannibalize unrelated chicks of their own species.[7][8] They also feed on pelagic species such as anchovies.[6] In fact, those in the northern Humboldt Current System feed almost exclusively on one species, the Peruvian anchoveta.[9]
Its status was first evaluated for the IUCN Red List in 2008, being listed as Near threatened.[10] Its status was reassessed in 2018, and it was again listed as Near threatened, but with increasing population.[11]
One factor affecting their status may be competition with fishing industries for anchovies, a primary food source for the species.[4][9]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelecanus thagus.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus thagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22697619A132596827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697619A132596827.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Stotz, Douglas F.; Lane, Daniel F.; O'Neill, John P.; III, Theodore A. Parker (2010-05-04). Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-1-4008-3449-5.
^Jaramillo, A. (2009). "Humboldt Current seabirding in Chile". Neotropical Birding. 4: 27–39.
^ abcJeyasingham, Will S.; Taylor, Scott A.; Zavalaga, Carlos B.; Simeone, Alejandro; Friesen, Vicki L. (2013). "Specialization to cold-water upwellings may facilitate gene flow in seabirds: new evidence from the Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae)". Journal of Avian Biology. 44 (3): 297–304. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.00004.x. S2CID 4288602.
^Cursach, J.A.; J.R. Rau; J. Vilugrón (2016). "Presence of the Peruvian Pelican Pelicanus thagus in seabird colonies of Chilean Patagonia". Marine Ornithology. 44: 27–30.
^Daigre, M.; P. Arce; A. Simeone (2012). "Fledgling Peruvian Pelicans (Pelecanus thagus) attack and consume younger unrelated conspecifics". Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 124 (3): 603–607. doi:10.1676/12-011.1. S2CID 84928683.
^BirdLife International (BLI) (2008) Peruvian Pelican Species Factsheet, 2008 IUCN Redlist status changes.
^BirdLife International. (2018). "Pelecanus thagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22697619A132596827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697619A132596827.en. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
External linksedit
May 07, 2024
peruvian, pelican, pelecanus, thagus, member, pelican, family, lives, west, coast, south, america, breeding, loose, colonies, from, about, degrees, south, central, chile, piura, northern, peru, occurring, visitor, southern, chile, ecuador, used, considered, su. The Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus is a member of the pelican family It lives on the west coast of South America breeding in loose colonies from about 33 5 degrees south in central Chile to Piura in northern Peru and occurring as a visitor in southern Chile and Ecuador 2 It used to be considered a subspecies of the brown pelican Peruvian pelican Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Pelecaniformes Family Pelecanidae Genus Pelecanus Species P thagus Binomial name Pelecanus thagusMolina 1782 Synonyms Pelecanus occidentalis thagus Molina 1782 Pelecanus barbieri Oustalet 1878 Contents 1 Description 2 Behaviour 2 1 Breeding 2 2 Feeding 3 Conservation 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThese birds are dark in colour with a white stripe from the top of the bill up to the crown and down the sides of the neck They have long tufted feathers on the top of their heads It was previously considered a subspecies of the brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis The Peruvian pelican is considerably larger ranging from about 5 to 7 kg 11 15 lb in weight 137 to 152 cm 4 5 5 0 ft in length and with a wingspan of about 228 cm 7 5 ft 2 3 Compared to the brown pelican it also has proportionally longer crest feathers as well as differences in the colours of the gular pouch beak scapulars and greater wing coverts 2 Behaviour editBreeding edit The main breeding season occurs from September to March Clutch size is usually two or three eggs Eggs are incubated for approximately 4 to 5 weeks with the rearing period lasting about 3 months Breeding occurs in large coastal colonies 4 Feeding edit Peruvian pelicans feed on several species of fish Unlike the brown pelican they never dive from a great height to catch its food instead diving from a shallow height or feeding while swimming on the surface 5 6 On occasion they may take other food items such as nestling of imperial shags young Peruvian diving petrels gray gulls and cannibalize unrelated chicks of their own species 7 8 They also feed on pelagic species such as anchovies 6 In fact those in the northern Humboldt Current System feed almost exclusively on one species the Peruvian anchoveta 9 The birds feed around cold water upwellings being found along the Humboldt Current 6 Conservation editIts status was first evaluated for the IUCN Red List in 2008 being listed as Near threatened 10 Its status was reassessed in 2018 and it was again listed as Near threatened but with increasing population 11 One factor affecting their status may be competition with fishing industries for anchovies a primary food source for the species 4 9 Gallery edit nbsp Peruvian pelican in Pan de Azucar National Park Chile nbsp Peruvian pelican in Pan de Azucar National Park Chile nbsp Several Peruvian pelicans at the Caleta Pan de Azucar fishing village in Pan de Azucar National Park Chile nbsp A Peruvian pelican takes a bath at Weltvogelpark Walsrode Germany nbsp Peruvian pelicans in the Ballestas Islands Peru nbsp Peruvian pelican in Paracas PeruReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelecanus thagus BirdLife International 2018 Pelecanus thagus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22697619A132596827 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22697619A132596827 en Retrieved 11 November 2021 a b c Peruvian pelican Handbook of the Birds of the World Retrieved 21 May 2017 Schulenberg Thomas S Stotz Douglas F Lane Daniel F O Neill John P III Theodore A Parker 2010 05 04 Birds of Peru Revised and Updated Edition Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 3449 5 a b Peruvian Pelican Pelecanus thagus BirdLife species factsheet datazone birdlife org Retrieved 2023 06 14 Jaramillo A 2009 Humboldt Current seabirding in Chile Neotropical Birding 4 27 39 a b c Jeyasingham Will S Taylor Scott A Zavalaga Carlos B Simeone Alejandro Friesen Vicki L 2013 Specialization to cold water upwellings may facilitate gene flow in seabirds new evidence from the Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus Pelecaniformes Pelecanidae Journal of Avian Biology 44 3 297 304 doi 10 1111 j 1600 048X 2012 00004 x S2CID 4288602 Cursach J A J R Rau J Vilugron 2016 Presence of the Peruvian Pelican Pelicanus thagus in seabird colonies of Chilean Patagonia Marine Ornithology 44 27 30 Daigre M P Arce A Simeone 2012 Fledgling Peruvian Pelicans Pelecanus thagus attack and consume younger unrelated conspecifics Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124 3 603 607 doi 10 1676 12 011 1 S2CID 84928683 a b Passuni Giannina Barbraud Christophe Chaigneau Alexis Demarcq Herve Ledesma Jesus Bertrand Arnaud Castillo Ramiro Perea Angel Mori Julio Viblanc Vincent A Torres Maita Jose Bertrand Sophie 2016 Seasonality in marine ecosystems Peruvian seabirds anchovy and oceanographic conditions Ecology 97 1 182 193 doi 10 1890 14 1134 1 ISSN 0012 9658 JSTOR 24703004 PMID 27008787 BirdLife International BLI 2008 Peruvian Pelican Species Factsheet 2008 IUCN Redlist status changes BirdLife International 2018 Pelecanus thagus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22697619A132596827 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22697619A132596827 en Retrieved 14 June 2023 External links editMundo Azul Species Factsheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peruvian pelican amp oldid 1213025049, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
