The Malabar tree toad (Pedostibes tuberculosus), or warty Asian tree toad, is a species of toad found in forests along the Western Ghats of great Karnataka[1] or Deccan. It is a small species and is found in wet tree hollows or leaf bases containing water. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Pedostibes, also known as Asian tree toads.
This is a slender frog with a moderate-sized head. The snout is pointed and the lores are vertical. The distance between the eyes is as wide as the upper eyelid width. The ear opening (tympanum) is well marked and is about a third of the diameter of the eye. The fingers are moderate, depressed, and webbed at the base. The first finger is half the length of the second. The toes are almost entirely webbed and the tips of both fingers and toes are dilated into broad, truncated disks being smaller on the toes. The tubercle near the joint is small, with two small, flat metatarsal tubercles. There is no tarsal fold. When the hind limb is held straight beside the body, the metatarsal tubercles reach to between the eye and tip of the snout. Skin of upper parts is rough (tubercular), the largest tubercles being arranged along each side of the back. In color, it is brownish-grey above, with the sides darker; a white band runs from below the eye to the axil; another white, longitudinal band is in the lumbar region; the beneath is dark-spotted. The male has a subgular vocal sac.[4] Females are larger than males. Adults of this toad grow to 3.6-3.85 cm in length.
The call is described as a "shirrrr shirr shirr shirr", with a dominant frequency of 3780 Hz, each call lasting 3 to 7 sec with three to 10 pulses.[5]
Its length from snout to vent is 1.4 in.
Habitatedit
This species is known to live in tree habitats, but adults are found among leaf litter, climbing into trees at night. They are found in the forest of the Western Ghats at elevations of 250 m to over 1000 m, often beside streams.[6]
^Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Pedostibes Günther, 1876". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
^Chan, Kin Onn; Grismer, L. Lee; Zachariah, Anil; Brown, Rafe M. & Abraham, Robin Kurian (2016). "Polyphyly of Asian tree toads, genus Pedostibes Günther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the description of a new genus from Southeast Asia". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0145903. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1145903C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145903. PMC4720419. PMID 26788854.
^Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
^Gururaja, K. V. & T. V. Ramachandra 2006. Pedostibes tuberculosus Advertisement call and distribution. Herpetological Review 37(1):75-76 [2]
^Daniels, R.J. 2005. Amphibians of Peninsular India. City:Hyderabad. 116-117p.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pedostibes.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pedostibes tuberculosus.
Wikispecies has information related to Pedostibes.
January 01, 1970
malabar, tree, toad, pedostibes, tuberculosus, warty, asian, tree, toad, species, toad, found, forests, along, western, ghats, great, karnataka, deccan, small, species, found, tree, hollows, leaf, bases, containing, water, only, species, monotypic, genus, pedo. The Malabar tree toad Pedostibes tuberculosus or warty Asian tree toad is a species of toad found in forests along the Western Ghats of great Karnataka 1 or Deccan It is a small species and is found in wet tree hollows or leaf bases containing water It is the only species in the monotypic genus Pedostibes also known as Asian tree toads Malabar tree toad Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Bufonidae Genus PedostibesGunther 1876 Species P tuberculosus Binomial name Pedostibes tuberculosusGunther 1876 Synonyms Nectophryne tuberculosus Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Habitat 4 References 5 External linksTaxonomy editFormerly the genus Pedostibes also hosted other Southeast Asian species that were subsequently moved to a new genus Rentapia in 2016 2 3 Description edit nbsp Phytotelmatous habitat This is a slender frog with a moderate sized head The snout is pointed and the lores are vertical The distance between the eyes is as wide as the upper eyelid width The ear opening tympanum is well marked and is about a third of the diameter of the eye The fingers are moderate depressed and webbed at the base The first finger is half the length of the second The toes are almost entirely webbed and the tips of both fingers and toes are dilated into broad truncated disks being smaller on the toes The tubercle near the joint is small with two small flat metatarsal tubercles There is no tarsal fold When the hind limb is held straight beside the body the metatarsal tubercles reach to between the eye and tip of the snout Skin of upper parts is rough tubercular the largest tubercles being arranged along each side of the back In color it is brownish grey above with the sides darker a white band runs from below the eye to the axil another white longitudinal band is in the lumbar region the beneath is dark spotted The male has a subgular vocal sac 4 Females are larger than males Adults of this toad grow to 3 6 3 85 cm in length The call is described as a shirrrr shirr shirr shirr with a dominant frequency of 3780 Hz each call lasting 3 to 7 sec with three to 10 pulses 5 Its length from snout to vent is 1 4 in Habitat editThis species is known to live in tree habitats but adults are found among leaf litter climbing into trees at night They are found in the forest of the Western Ghats at elevations of 250 m to over 1000 m often beside streams 6 nbsp nbsp nbsp References edit State Frog 1 Frost Darrel R 2019 Pedostibes Gunther 1876 Amphibian Species of the World an Online Reference Version 6 0 American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 27 September 2019 Chan Kin Onn Grismer L Lee Zachariah Anil Brown Rafe M amp Abraham Robin Kurian 2016 Polyphyly of Asian tree toads genus Pedostibes Gunther 1876 Anura Bufonidae and the description of a new genus from Southeast Asia PLOS ONE 11 1 e0145903 Bibcode 2016PLoSO 1145903C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0145903 PMC 4720419 PMID 26788854 Boulenger G A 1890 Fauna of British India Reptilia and Batrachia Gururaja K V amp T V Ramachandra 2006 Pedostibes tuberculosus Advertisement call and distribution Herpetological Review 37 1 75 76 2 Daniels R J 2005 Amphibians of Peninsular India City Hyderabad 116 117p External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pedostibes nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pedostibes tuberculosus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Pedostibes Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malabar tree toad amp oldid 1198212538, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
