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Pavement (architecture)

April 30, 2023

For other uses, see Pavement (disambiguation).

Pavement, in construction, is an outdoor floor or superficial surface covering. Paving materials include asphalt, concrete, stones such as flagstone, cobblestone, and setts, artificial stone, bricks, tiles, and sometimes wood. In landscape architecture, pavements are part of the hardscape and are used on sidewalks, road surfaces, patios, courtyards, etc.

The term pavement comes from Latin pavimentum, meaning a floor beaten or rammed down, through Old French pavement.[1] The meaning of a beaten-down floor was obsolete before the word entered English.[2]

Pavement, in the form of beaten gravel, dates back before the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Pavement laid in patterns like mosaics were commonly used by the Romans.

Paver

 
Concrete paver blocks laid in a circular pattern
 
Concrete paver blocks in a rectangular pattern

A paver is a paving stone, tile,[3] brick[4] or brick-like piece of concrete commonly used as exterior flooring. In a factory, concrete pavers are made by pouring a mixture of concrete and some type of coloring agent into a mold of some shape and allowing to set. They are generally placed on top of a foundation which is made of layers of compacted stone and sand. The pavers are placed in the desired pattern and the space between pavers is then filled with a polymeric sand. No actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than the weight of the paver itself except edging. Pavers can be used to make roads, driveways, patios, walkways and other outdoor platforms.

Concrete pavers

 
Interlocking concrete paver driveway

An interlocking concrete paver is a type of paver. This special type of paver, also known as a segmental paver, has emerged over the last couple of decades as a very popular alternative to brick, clay or concrete.[5] An interlocker is a concrete block paver which is designed in such a way that it locks in with the next paver. The locking effect allows for a stronger connection between pavers and with this interlocking effect the paving itself is resistant to movement under traffic.[6]

Segmental pavers have been used for thousands of years. The Romans built roads with them that are still there. But it was not until the mid-1940s that pavers began to be produced out of concrete. It started in the Netherlands[5] where all the roads are made to be flexible because the country is below sea level and the ground shifts, moves and sinks. Poured concrete is not an option because it will crack. Individual units not set in concrete, and placed in sand perform far better than concrete.[5] Before the paver was made from concrete, either real stone or a clay product was used.

The first production of concrete pavers in North America was in Canada, in 1973. Due to their success, paving stone manufacturing plants began to open throughout the United States working their way from East to West.[7]

The first concrete pavers were shaped just like a brick, 4” by 8” (10 cm x 20 cm) and they were called Holland Stones. These units turned out to be economical to produce and were exceedingly strong.

In addition to being economical, interlocking concrete pavers are also widely available in water-permeable designs, which have added ecological benefits.[8] By allowing water to drain through the pavers in a way that mimics natural absorption, builders and landscapers are able to limit surface runoff[9] and prevent soil erosion or buildup of standing water in the surrounding land area. Some permeable paver installations are designed to harvest rainwater, which can then be repurposed for uses such as irrigation or washing a car.[10]

Stone pavers

A stone paver is another type of paver. This type of paver is used widely in building and landscaping as it is highly prized for beauty, strength and durability. Stone pavers are made of many materials including limestone, bluestone, basalt (such as that from The Palisades used in New York City), sandstone and granite.[11]

Travertine is a durable, low-porous stone that stays cool in direct sunlight, making it a popular choice for pool-sides, patios, walkways and outdoor entertainment areas. Travertine is salt tolerant and has a low sunlight reflection. Granite pavers have high integral strength and density making it easy to maintain and hard-wearing in outdoor use. Limestone pavers are cut from natural limestone blocks, a sedimentary rock found in mountainous areas and ocean sea beds. Limestone tends to have unique natural colour variations. Sandstone pavers are derived from natural stone and tend to be used for sidewalks, patios and backyards.

Pavement and urban environment

Impermeable asphalt and concrete pavements prevent water from passing into the ground. This creates excess runoff that can worsen flooding, especially in heavily paved urban areas.

Permeable pavers can be used to prevent excess runoff, but have lower compressive strength, ravelling, segregation and difficulty in compaction.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pavement", The Century Dictionary
  2. ^ "pavement, n." Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press, 2009
  3. ^ "paver" def. 2. Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press, 2009
  4. ^ "Paving brick". The Free Dictionary.com accessed May 1, 2014
  5. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
  6. ^ Ritchie, Gill (2019-03-20). "Concrete Interlocking pavers for commercial and residential use". C.E.L. Paving Products. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  7. ^ "Los Angeles Pavers - The History of the Interlocking Paver". Pacific Pavingstone. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  8. ^ "Belgard Commercial". Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP). Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  9. ^ "The Benefits of Permeable Paving — Green Architect". Apartment Therapy. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  10. ^ Belgard. "Permeable Pavers". Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  11. ^ Tillson, George William (1912), "Cobble and stone-block pavements", Street pavements and paving materials: A manual of city pavements: the methods and materials of their construction. For the use of students, engineers, and city officials, J. Wiley & Sons, 1912, pp. 189–227

External links

  •   Media related to Pavements (architecture) at Wikimedia Commons

April 30, 2023
pavement, architecture, other, uses, pavement, disambiguation, pavement, construction, outdoor, floor, superficial, surface, covering, paving, materials, include, asphalt, concrete, stones, such, flagstone, cobblestone, setts, artificial, stone, bricks, tiles,. For other uses see Pavement disambiguation Pavement in construction is an outdoor floor or superficial surface covering Paving materials include asphalt concrete stones such as flagstone cobblestone and setts artificial stone bricks tiles and sometimes wood In landscape architecture pavements are part of the hardscape and are used on sidewalks road surfaces patios courtyards etc The term pavement comes from Latin pavimentum meaning a floor beaten or rammed down through Old French pavement 1 The meaning of a beaten down floor was obsolete before the word entered English 2 Pavement in the form of beaten gravel dates back before the emergence of anatomically modern humans Pavement laid in patterns like mosaics were commonly used by the Romans Contents 1 Paver 1 1 Concrete pavers 1 2 Stone pavers 2 Pavement and urban environment 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksPaver Edit Concrete paver blocks laid in a circular pattern Concrete paver blocks in a rectangular pattern A paver is a paving stone tile 3 brick 4 or brick like piece of concrete commonly used as exterior flooring In a factory concrete pavers are made by pouring a mixture of concrete and some type of coloring agent into a mold of some shape and allowing to set They are generally placed on top of a foundation which is made of layers of compacted stone and sand The pavers are placed in the desired pattern and the space between pavers is then filled with a polymeric sand No actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than the weight of the paver itself except edging Pavers can be used to make roads driveways patios walkways and other outdoor platforms Concrete pavers Edit Interlocking concrete paver driveway An interlocking concrete paver is a type of paver This special type of paver also known as a segmental paver has emerged over the last couple of decades as a very popular alternative to brick clay or concrete 5 An interlocker is a concrete block paver which is designed in such a way that it locks in with the next paver The locking effect allows for a stronger connection between pavers and with this interlocking effect the paving itself is resistant to movement under traffic 6 Segmental pavers have been used for thousands of years The Romans built roads with them that are still there But it was not until the mid 1940s that pavers began to be produced out of concrete It started in the Netherlands 5 where all the roads are made to be flexible because the country is below sea level and the ground shifts moves and sinks Poured concrete is not an option because it will crack Individual units not set in concrete and placed in sand perform far better than concrete 5 Before the paver was made from concrete either real stone or a clay product was used The first production of concrete pavers in North America was in Canada in 1973 Due to their success paving stone manufacturing plants began to open throughout the United States working their way from East to West 7 The first concrete pavers were shaped just like a brick 4 by 8 10 cm x 20 cm and they were called Holland Stones These units turned out to be economical to produce and were exceedingly strong In addition to being economical interlocking concrete pavers are also widely available in water permeable designs which have added ecological benefits 8 By allowing water to drain through the pavers in a way that mimics natural absorption builders and landscapers are able to limit surface runoff 9 and prevent soil erosion or buildup of standing water in the surrounding land area Some permeable paver installations are designed to harvest rainwater which can then be repurposed for uses such as irrigation or washing a car 10 Stone pavers Edit A stone paver is another type of paver This type of paver is used widely in building and landscaping as it is highly prized for beauty strength and durability Stone pavers are made of many materials including limestone bluestone basalt such as that from The Palisades used in New York City sandstone and granite 11 Travertine is a durable low porous stone that stays cool in direct sunlight making it a popular choice for pool sides patios walkways and outdoor entertainment areas Travertine is salt tolerant and has a low sunlight reflection Granite pavers have high integral strength and density making it easy to maintain and hard wearing in outdoor use Limestone pavers are cut from natural limestone blocks a sedimentary rock found in mountainous areas and ocean sea beds Limestone tends to have unique natural colour variations Sandstone pavers are derived from natural stone and tend to be used for sidewalks patios and backyards Roman stone pavement in Herculaneum Cobblestone pavement in Italy Cobblestone pavement in Cres Croatia Cobblestone pavement in Porvoo Finland Belgian block street in Philadelphia Sett pavement in Paris Permeable pavement Portuguese pavement of black basalt and white limestone in Lisbon Brick pavement in Piazza del Campo Siena Hexagonal Trylinka patented in 1933 by Wladyslaw Trylinski crumbling in New York Wood paving may be used indoors as a flooring material Laying paving slabs in the center of Ulan UdePavement and urban environment EditImpermeable asphalt and concrete pavements prevent water from passing into the ground This creates excess runoff that can worsen flooding especially in heavily paved urban areas Permeable pavers can be used to prevent excess runoff but have lower compressive strength ravelling segregation and difficulty in compaction citation needed See also EditMacadam Permeable paving Hoggin Pavement York References Edit Pavement The Century Dictionary pavement n Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD ROM v 4 0 Oxford University Press 2009 paver def 2 Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD ROM v 4 0 Oxford University Press 2009 Paving brick The Free Dictionary com accessed May 1 2014 a b c The Segmental Concrete Pavement Industry Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Archived from the original on 2015 10 07 Retrieved 2015 06 09 Ritchie Gill 2019 03 20 Concrete Interlocking pavers for commercial and residential use C E L Paving Products Retrieved 2020 06 23 Los Angeles Pavers The History of the Interlocking Paver Pacific Pavingstone Retrieved 2020 09 13 Belgard Commercial Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement PICP Retrieved 2017 05 26 The Benefits of Permeable Paving Green Architect Apartment Therapy Retrieved 2017 02 17 Belgard Permeable Pavers Retrieved 2017 02 17 Tillson George William 1912 Cobble and stone block pavements Street pavements and paving materials A manual of city pavements the methods and materials of their construction For the use of students engineers and city officials J Wiley amp Sons 1912 pp 189 227External links Edit Media related to Pavements architecture at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pavement architecture amp oldid 1149852513, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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