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Paul Carell

April 10, 2024

Paul Carell was the post-war pen name of Paul Karl Schmidt (2 November 1911 – 20 June 1997) who was a writer and German propagandist. During the Nazi era, Schmidt served as the chief press spokesman for Joachim von Ribbentrop's Foreign Ministry. In this capacity during World War II, he maintained close ties with the Wehrmacht, while he served in the Allgemeine-SS (General SS). One of his specialities was the "Jewish question". After the war, Carell became a successful author mostly of revisionist books that romanticized and whitewashed the Wehrmacht.[1]

Career before and during World War II edit

Born in Kelbra, Paul Karl Schmidt became a member of the Nazi Party in 1931 and a member of the SS in 1938. He graduated from university in 1934, and became an assistant at the Institute of Psychology of the University of Kiel in Germany. He held several positions in the Nazi Student Association.

In the SS, Schmidt was promoted to the rank of Obersturmbannführer in 1940. During the same year, he became the chief press spokesman for foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. In this position, he was responsible for the German Foreign Ministry's news and press division.

Schmidt chaired the daily press conferences of the ministry, and was thus one of the most important and influential propagandists for Nazism during World War II. Recent studies confirm that his influence was at least on the same level as that of Otto Dietrich (Reichspressechef of Adolf Hitler) and of Hans Fritzsche (Pressechef of the Reichspropagandaministerium). Schmidt was also responsible [clarification needed] for the German propaganda magazine Signal, which was published in several languages to tell the German side of the story in neutral and occupied countries during the war.

Schmidt justified the Holocaust through his propaganda efforts. In May 1944, he gave advice on how to justify the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews, to counter the potential accusation of mass murder:

The planned undertaking (against the Jews of Budapest) will create significant attention, and lead to a strong reaction because of its scope. Those who are against us will scream and talk of a hunt on humans, and will try to use terror propaganda to increase feelings against us in neutral states. I would therefore like to suggest whether it would not be possible to prevent these things by creating reasons and events justifying the undertaking, e.g. finding explosives in Jewish association buildings and Synagogues, plans for sabotage attacks, for a coup d’etat, attacks on policemen, smuggling of currency in significant amounts to destroy the fabric of the Hungarian currency. The final piece of this should be a particularly heinous case, which can then be used to justify the dragnet.[2]

Schmidt was arrested on 6 May 1945 and interned for 30 months. It was left open for a long time whether he would appear as one of those indicted, or as a witness for the prosecution, during the war crimes trials. During the Ministries Trial, part of the Nuremberg Trials, he finally appeared as a witness for the prosecution, and portrayed himself as a fighter for democratic freedom of the press.[3]

Post-war edit

After World War II, Schmidt became a writer. Aided by the network of 'old comrades' working in the publishing industry, he was able to secure assignments. Starting in the 1950s, he wrote for the popular magazine Kristall. He first used the pseudonym Paul Karell, and later Paul Carell. Carell was a member of the Naumann Circle, a group of Neo-Nazis who sought to infiltrate the Free Democratic Party.[4]

He worked as a freelance author under various noms de plume for newspapers such as Die Welt and Die Zeit (as P. C. Holm, among others). He also wrote for the magazines Norddeutsche Rundschau and Der Spiegel, and published some accounts of war stories for Der Landser, a West German pulp magazine featuring stories predominantly set during World War II. He was seen as an influential adviser to the German Axel Springer AG, where he wrote speeches for Axel Springer.

From 1965 to 1971 the Office of the State Prosecutor of Verden in Germany investigated him for murder. But the investigation, which should have clarified his role in the genocide of Hungarian Jews, ended without an indictment. Schmidt never had to face a trial for his activities during the war.[5]

In 1992 Carell claimed that even after the Battle of Stalingrad there was a possibility for Germany to win the war. In his view, it was primarily the command of Adolf Hitler that led to the defeat. The leadership of the Wehrmacht and very competent commanders such as Erich von Manstein could have achieved victory if not for Hitler's interference. Carell also claimed that the invasion of the Soviet Union was a preemptive attack to forestall an invasion of Germany by the Red Army.

Writing career edit

The success of his books Hitler Moves East (Unternehmen Barbarossa) and Scorched Earth (Verbrannte Erde) made Carell a leading post-war chronicler of the German side of World War II on the Eastern Front. His book Die Gefangenen (1980), dealing with German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, was published by Ullstein-Verlag. These books generally had a positive media reception; Die Welt wrote, for example: "Helps to reduce the dislike between Germans and Russians (...) qualified as an historian." Or the Düsseldorfer Mittag [de]: "Someone for whom the seriousness of the source and the value of documentation are more important than going for cheap thrills – that is Paul Carell!"[6] Carell also wrote about Rommel and about the Allied invasion of Normandy.

In his books, Carell portrays the Wehrmacht as heroes fighting for a lost cause. Carell presents a post-war revisionist message, first popularized by leading Wehrmacht generals:

  • The German soldier fought a clean war imposed on him by an evil dictator (there is no mention of the war of aggression and annihilation, which the war in the East really was).[7]
  • The Waffen-SS appear as soldiers just like all the rest.
  • In the end, the overwhelming material and human resources of the enemy defeat the Germans.[1]

Carell's works emphasize the German army's professionalism, sacrifice and positive encounters with civilians. His books also suggest that the Wehrmacht freed the Russians from their Communist tyrants and restored their religious community.[8]

In Carell's works the army thus operated in a world distinct from the political sphere, and the culprits for any calamities that befell the Russian people rule this political sphere, namely the Nazi and the Communist parties. The thrust of this argument thus confirmed the high moral position of the German officer, perpetuating the myth of the "clean Wehrmacht". Carell's themes of anti-Communism also appealed to the U.S. public and garnered Carell repeat reprints.[9]

Bibliography edit

  • Stalingrad: The Defeat of the German 6th Army. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1993 ISBN 0-88740-469-3
  • Hitler's War on Russia, volume 2 Scorched Earth. London: Harrap, 1970 ISBN 0-88740-598-3
  • Hitler Moves East: 1941-1943. New York: Little, Brown, 1964 ISBN 0-921991-11-8
  • Invasion! They're Coming!. New York: Dutton, 1963 ISBN 0-88740-716-1
  • Foxes of the Desert. New York: Bantam, 1960 ISBN 0-88740-659-9

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b Smelser & Davies 2008, p. 115.
  2. ^ Nürnberger Dokument Dokument NG-2424, Bundesarchiv, Außenstelle Ludwigsburg
  3. ^ Nürnberger Dokument Dokument NG-3590, Staatsarchiv Nürnberg; eidesstattliche Erklärung Paul Carell Schmidt vom 13. November 1947
  4. ^ Lutz Hachmeister: Der Gegnerforscher. Die Karriere des SS-Führers Franz Alfred Six. Beck, München 1998, S. 294 ff
  5. ^ Ermittlungsverfahren der Staatsanwaltschaft Verden gegen Dr. Paul Karl Schmidt u.a. wegen Mordes. Akte 412 AR-Nr. 1082 / 1965; Bundesarchiv, Außenstelle Ludwigsburg, neue Signatur (seit November 2003): B 162 AR 650 1082
  6. ^ Der Spiegel 8/1967 vom 13. Februar 1967, Seite 107
  7. ^ "Hitlers Krieg im Osten" [Hitlers war in the East]. zeit.de (in German). Die Zeit. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  8. ^ Smelser & Davies 2008, pp. 136–152.
  9. ^ Smelser & Davies 2008, pp. 151.

Bibliography edit

  • (German) Christian Plöger: Von Ribbentrop zu Springer. Zu Leben und Wirken von Paul Karl Schmidt alias Paul Carell. Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8288-2136-1 (= doctoral thesis Universität Münster 2009)
  • (in German) Wigbert Benz: Paul Carell. Ribbentrops Pressechef Paul Karl Schmidt vor und nach 1945. Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-86573-068-X
  • (in German) Peter Longerich: Propagandisten im Krieg. Die Presseabteilung des Auswärtigen Amtes unter Ribbentrop. München 1987 (ausführlich über Schmidts Tätigkeit im AA - nicht eingesehen) ISBN 3-486-54111-0
  • Smelser, Ronald; Davies, Edward J. (2008). The Myth of the Eastern Front: the Nazi-Soviet war in American popular culture. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521833653.

External links edit

April 10, 2024
paul, carell, post, name, paul, karl, schmidt, november, 1911, june, 1997, writer, german, propagandist, during, nazi, schmidt, served, chief, press, spokesman, joachim, ribbentrop, foreign, ministry, this, capacity, during, world, maintained, close, ties, wit. Paul Carell was the post war pen name of Paul Karl Schmidt 2 November 1911 20 June 1997 who was a writer and German propagandist During the Nazi era Schmidt served as the chief press spokesman for Joachim von Ribbentrop s Foreign Ministry In this capacity during World War II he maintained close ties with the Wehrmacht while he served in the Allgemeine SS General SS One of his specialities was the Jewish question After the war Carell became a successful author mostly of revisionist books that romanticized and whitewashed the Wehrmacht 1 Contents 1 Career before and during World War II 2 Post war 3 Writing career 4 Bibliography 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Bibliography 6 External linksCareer before and during World War II editBorn in Kelbra Paul Karl Schmidt became a member of the Nazi Party in 1931 and a member of the SS in 1938 He graduated from university in 1934 and became an assistant at the Institute of Psychology of the University of Kiel in Germany He held several positions in the Nazi Student Association In the SS Schmidt was promoted to the rank of Obersturmbannfuhrer in 1940 During the same year he became the chief press spokesman for foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop In this position he was responsible for the German Foreign Ministry s news and press division Schmidt chaired the daily press conferences of the ministry and was thus one of the most important and influential propagandists for Nazism during World War II Recent studies confirm that his influence was at least on the same level as that of Otto Dietrich Reichspressechef of Adolf Hitler and of Hans Fritzsche Pressechef of the Reichspropagandaministerium Schmidt was also responsible clarification needed for the German propaganda magazine Signal which was published in several languages to tell the German side of the story in neutral and occupied countries during the war Schmidt justified the Holocaust through his propaganda efforts In May 1944 he gave advice on how to justify the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews to counter the potential accusation of mass murder The planned undertaking against the Jews of Budapest will create significant attention and lead to a strong reaction because of its scope Those who are against us will scream and talk of a hunt on humans and will try to use terror propaganda to increase feelings against us in neutral states I would therefore like to suggest whether it would not be possible to prevent these things by creating reasons and events justifying the undertaking e g finding explosives in Jewish association buildings and Synagogues plans for sabotage attacks for a coup d etat attacks on policemen smuggling of currency in significant amounts to destroy the fabric of the Hungarian currency The final piece of this should be a particularly heinous case which can then be used to justify the dragnet 2 Schmidt was arrested on 6 May 1945 and interned for 30 months It was left open for a long time whether he would appear as one of those indicted or as a witness for the prosecution during the war crimes trials During the Ministries Trial part of the Nuremberg Trials he finally appeared as a witness for the prosecution and portrayed himself as a fighter for democratic freedom of the press 3 Post war editAfter World War II Schmidt became a writer Aided by the network of old comrades working in the publishing industry he was able to secure assignments Starting in the 1950s he wrote for the popular magazine Kristall He first used the pseudonym Paul Karell and later Paul Carell Carell was a member of the Naumann Circle a group of Neo Nazis who sought to infiltrate the Free Democratic Party 4 He worked as a freelance author under various noms de plume for newspapers such as Die Welt and Die Zeit as P C Holm among others He also wrote for the magazines Norddeutsche Rundschau and Der Spiegel and published some accounts of war stories for Der Landser a West German pulp magazine featuring stories predominantly set during World War II He was seen as an influential adviser to the German Axel Springer AG where he wrote speeches for Axel Springer From 1965 to 1971 the Office of the State Prosecutor of Verden in Germany investigated him for murder But the investigation which should have clarified his role in the genocide of Hungarian Jews ended without an indictment Schmidt never had to face a trial for his activities during the war 5 In 1992 Carell claimed that even after the Battle of Stalingrad there was a possibility for Germany to win the war In his view it was primarily the command of Adolf Hitler that led to the defeat The leadership of the Wehrmacht and very competent commanders such as Erich von Manstein could have achieved victory if not for Hitler s interference Carell also claimed that the invasion of the Soviet Union was a preemptive attack to forestall an invasion of Germany by the Red Army Writing career editThe success of his books Hitler Moves East Unternehmen Barbarossa and Scorched Earth Verbrannte Erde made Carell a leading post war chronicler of the German side of World War II on the Eastern Front His book Die Gefangenen 1980 dealing with German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union was published by Ullstein Verlag These books generally had a positive media reception Die Welt wrote for example Helps to reduce the dislike between Germans and Russians qualified as an historian Or the Dusseldorfer Mittag de Someone for whom the seriousness of the source and the value of documentation are more important than going for cheap thrills that is Paul Carell 6 Carell also wrote about Rommel and about the Allied invasion of Normandy In his books Carell portrays the Wehrmacht as heroes fighting for a lost cause Carell presents a post war revisionist message first popularized by leading Wehrmacht generals The German soldier fought a clean war imposed on him by an evil dictator there is no mention of the war of aggression and annihilation which the war in the East really was 7 The Waffen SS appear as soldiers just like all the rest In the end the overwhelming material and human resources of the enemy defeat the Germans 1 Carell s works emphasize the German army s professionalism sacrifice and positive encounters with civilians His books also suggest that the Wehrmacht freed the Russians from their Communist tyrants and restored their religious community 8 In Carell s works the army thus operated in a world distinct from the political sphere and the culprits for any calamities that befell the Russian people rule this political sphere namely the Nazi and the Communist parties The thrust of this argument thus confirmed the high moral position of the German officer perpetuating the myth of the clean Wehrmacht Carell s themes of anti Communism also appealed to the U S public and garnered Carell repeat reprints 9 Bibliography editStalingrad The Defeat of the German 6th Army Atglen PA Schiffer Military History 1993 ISBN 0 88740 469 3 Hitler s War on Russia volume 2 Scorched Earth London Harrap 1970 ISBN 0 88740 598 3 Hitler Moves East 1941 1943 New York Little Brown 1964 ISBN 0 921991 11 8 Invasion They re Coming New York Dutton 1963 ISBN 0 88740 716 1 Foxes of the Desert New York Bantam 1960 ISBN 0 88740 659 9References editCitations edit a b Smelser amp Davies 2008 p 115 Nurnberger Dokument Dokument NG 2424 Bundesarchiv Aussenstelle Ludwigsburg Nurnberger Dokument Dokument NG 3590 Staatsarchiv Nurnberg eidesstattliche Erklarung Paul Carell Schmidt vom 13 November 1947 Lutz Hachmeister Der Gegnerforscher Die Karriere des SS Fuhrers Franz Alfred Six Beck Munchen 1998 S 294 ff Ermittlungsverfahren der Staatsanwaltschaft Verden gegen Dr Paul Karl Schmidt u a wegen Mordes Akte 412 AR Nr 1082 1965 Bundesarchiv Aussenstelle Ludwigsburg neue Signatur seit November 2003 B 162 AR 650 1082 Der Spiegel 8 1967 vom 13 Februar 1967 Seite 107 Hitlers Krieg im Osten Hitlers war in the East zeit de in German Die Zeit 1 June 2011 Retrieved 11 March 2016 Smelser amp Davies 2008 pp 136 152 Smelser amp Davies 2008 pp 151 Bibliography edit German Christian Ploger Von Ribbentrop zu Springer Zu Leben und Wirken von Paul Karl Schmidt alias Paul Carell Marburg 2009 ISBN 978 3 8288 2136 1 doctoral thesis Universitat Munster 2009 in German Wigbert Benz Paul Carell Ribbentrops Pressechef Paul Karl Schmidt vor und nach 1945 Berlin 2005 ISBN 3 86573 068 X in German Peter Longerich Propagandisten im Krieg Die Presseabteilung des Auswartigen Amtes unter Ribbentrop Munchen 1987 ausfuhrlich uber Schmidts Tatigkeit im AA nicht eingesehen ISBN 3 486 54111 0 Smelser Ronald Davies Edward J 2008 The Myth of the Eastern Front the Nazi Soviet war in American popular culture New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521833653 External links editPaul Carell in the German National Library catalogue Biographie bei Shoa de Book Review on Shoa de Archived 2016 11 05 at the Wayback Machine Discussion and Documentation of Schmidt Carell s role relating to deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews Newspaper clippings about Paul Carell in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul Carell amp oldid 1215106161, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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