He is commonly held to have been the same as the Paul appointed as Exarch of Ravenna in c. 723, and consequently to have held the office of strategos of Sicily continuously until then. Although both suppositions are likely, neither is certain. If the identification is true, then Paul was responsible for the defeat of an Arab attack on the island in 720/21.[1][4]
As exarch, he had to face the resistance of the local inhabitants, led by Pope Gregory II, to the high taxation demanded by Leo. According to the Liber Pontificalis, the Emperor ordered Paul to either kill or imprison the Pope, but both failed and led to a renewed wave of rebellion against imperial authority in Italy; the Pope even anathematized Paul.[1] In 726/27, the Ravenna itself rose in revolt, denouncing both Exarch Paul and Emperor Leo III, and overthrew those officers who remained loyal. Paul rallied the loyalist forces and attempted to restore order, but was killed. The armies discussed electing their own emperor and marching on Constantinople, but when they sought the advice of the Pope, he dissuaded them from acting against the sitting emperor.[1][5]
According to Roberto Cessi,[6] the person that John the Deacon's chronicle gave as the first doge of Venice, Paolo Lucio Anafesto, was actually the Exarch Paul. It is thought that this doge was a fictive invention extracted from a source John used to make this claim. Paul's magister militum, Marcellus Tegallianus was given as the second doge and this is thought to be part of the same fictive elaboration. More recent historians think that this Paul was a Lombard duke, probably the duke of Treviso.[7][8]
^Cessi, R., Le Origini del Ducato Veneziano, 1951, pp 149–153, 155–173
^Gasparri S., "The first Dukes of Venice", in Gelichi S. and Gasparri S. (eds), Venice and its Neighbours from the 8th to the 11th century, 2017, pp. 12, 16, 18
^Pazienza, A., "Archival Documents and Narrative", in Gelichi S. and Gasparri S. (eds), Venice and its Neighbours from the 8th to the 11th century, 2017, p. 43
Sourcesedit
Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
Norwich, John Julius (1982). A History of Venice. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN0-394-52410-1.
Prigent, Vivien; Nichanian, Mikaël (2003). "Les stratèges de Sicile. De la naissance du thème au règne de Léon V". Revue des études byzantines (in French). 61: 97–141. doi:10.3406/rebyz.2003.2273.
Richards, Jeffrey (1979). The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN0-7100-0098-7.
paul, exarch, paul, latin, paulus, greek, Παῦλος, translit, paulos, before, senior, byzantine, official, under, isaurian, serving, strategos, sicily, then, exarch, ravenna, from, until, death, life, editpaul, first, mentioned, theophanes, confessor, calls, pri. Paul Latin Paulus Greek Paῦlos translit Paulos before 717 18 726 27 was a senior Byzantine official under Leo III the Isaurian serving as the strategos of Sicily and then as the Exarch of Ravenna from 723 until his death 1 Life editPaul is first mentioned in 717 18 Theophanes the Confessor calls him the private chartoularios of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian while Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople calls him a loyal and close confidant oikeios of Leo s and that he was experienced in military matters 2 1 As a result when the governor strategos of Sicily Sergios driven by a false message that Constantinople had fallen to the Arabs declared a rival emperor in the person of Basil Onomagoulos Leo named him as Sergios replacement and sent him to Sicily to restore control It was probably on this occasion that he was raised to the rank of patrikios although Patriarch Nikephoros implies that he already held the title 1 3 He is commonly held to have been the same as the Paul appointed as Exarch of Ravenna in c 723 and consequently to have held the office of strategos of Sicily continuously until then Although both suppositions are likely neither is certain If the identification is true then Paul was responsible for the defeat of an Arab attack on the island in 720 21 1 4 As exarch he had to face the resistance of the local inhabitants led by Pope Gregory II to the high taxation demanded by Leo According to the Liber Pontificalis the Emperor ordered Paul to either kill or imprison the Pope but both failed and led to a renewed wave of rebellion against imperial authority in Italy the Pope even anathematized Paul 1 In 726 27 the Ravenna itself rose in revolt denouncing both Exarch Paul and Emperor Leo III and overthrew those officers who remained loyal Paul rallied the loyalist forces and attempted to restore order but was killed The armies discussed electing their own emperor and marching on Constantinople but when they sought the advice of the Pope he dissuaded them from acting against the sitting emperor 1 5 According to Roberto Cessi 6 the person that John the Deacon s chronicle gave as the first doge of Venice Paolo Lucio Anafesto was actually the Exarch Paul It is thought that this doge was a fictive invention extracted from a source John used to make this claim Paul s magister militum Marcellus Tegallianus was given as the second doge and this is thought to be part of the same fictive elaboration More recent historians think that this Paul was a Lombard duke probably the duke of Treviso 7 8 References edit a b c d e f PmbZ Paulos 5815 Prigent amp Nichanian 2003 pp 105 106 Prigent amp Nichanian 2003 p 105 Prigent amp Nichanian 2003 p 106 Richards 1979 p 220 Cessi R Le Origini del Ducato Veneziano 1951 pp 149 153 155 173 Gasparri S The first Dukes of Venice in Gelichi S and Gasparri S eds Venice and its Neighbours from the 8th to the 11th century 2017 pp 12 16 18 Pazienza A Archival Documents and Narrative in Gelichi S and Gasparri S eds Venice and its Neighbours from the 8th to the 11th century 2017 p 43Sources editLilie Ralph Johannes Ludwig Claudia Pratsch Thomas Zielke Beate 2013 Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online Berlin Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Nach Vorarbeiten F Winkelmanns erstellt in German Berlin and Boston De Gruyter Norwich John Julius 1982 A History of Venice New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 0 394 52410 1 Prigent Vivien Nichanian Mikael 2003 Les strateges de Sicile De la naissance du theme au regne de Leon V Revue des etudes byzantines in French 61 97 141 doi 10 3406 rebyz 2003 2273 Richards Jeffrey 1979 The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476 752 London and Boston Routledge amp Kegan Paul ISBN 0 7100 0098 7 Preceded bySergios Strategos of Sicily718 723 UnknownTitle next held bySergiosPreceded byScholasticus Exarch of Ravenna723 727 Succeeded byEutychius Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul exarch amp oldid 1183861487, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
