The Patrone 88 (cartridge 88) or M/88 is a rimless bottlenecked riflecartridge. It was a first-generation smokeless propellant cartridge designed by the German Gewehr-Prüfungskommission (G.P.K.) (Rifle Testing Commission) as the then new smokeless propellant introduced as Poudre B in the 1886 pattern 8×50mmR Lebel started a military rifle ammunition revolution.
The Patrone 88 cartridge was loaded with 2.75 g (42.4 gr) of single-base (based on nitrocellulose) smokeless powder. The cartridge was based on a Swiss design and was loaded with a 8.08 mm (0.318 in) diameter 14.6 g (225 gr) round-nose full metal jacket bullet that was cupronickel plated and reached a muzzle velocity of 620 m/s (2,034 ft/s). The bullet core consisted of 95% lead and 5% antimony. It served as parent cartridge of several 8×57mm rimless and rimmed rifle cartridges.
1888 pattern M/88 (left) cartridge alongside the 1903 pattern 7.92×57mm Mauser S Patrone.
The Patrone 88 was adopted by the German Empire in 1888 as service cartridge along with the Gewehr 1888 service rifle. Reportedly the initial version of the design was of two-piece construction like the 11×60mm Mauser and rimmed (so-called M88A, later developed into M88/8R or 8X57 IR hunting cartridge), but then a modern, "cannelured" type of cartridge case was introduced,[1] which, despite being patented at least as early as 1867 (by Joseph Whitworth),[2] wasn't used by any military before.
In the original bore the diameter of the lands was 7.90 mm (0.311 in) and the diameter of the grooves was 8.10 mm (0.319 in). In 1894/1895 the bore dimensions were changed in an attempt to improve accuracy and barrel life. The diameter of the lands remained 7.90 mm (0.311 in) and the diameter of the grooves was changed to 8.20 mm (0.323 in). The 8.08 mm (0.318 in) diameter of the bullets the Patrone 88 was loaded with remained however unchanged and accuracy did not improve. As of 1915 the Patrone 88 bullets became tombac plated.[3][4][5]
In German military service the Patrone 88 was replaced in 1904 and 1905 by the S Patrone a.k.a. 7.92×57mm Mauser. Besides the S Patrone chambering, the S Patrone bore (designated as "S-bore") was also dimensionally redesigned: the new bullet with a shorter cylindrical part had reduced bearing surface, which necessitated increasing its diameter to 8.20 mm (0.323 in), the exact diameter of the grooves. The S Patrone and its new spitzer bullet provided the accuracy and barrel life improvements the German military was looking for. As the bolt thrust of the 7.92×57mm Mauser is relatively low compared to many other service rounds used in the early 20th century, many arms originally chambered for the Patrone 88 could be and were adapted for chambering the S Patrone by reaming out metal from the chamber as it required a wider chamber throat to take the differently shaped and thicker brass of the new S Patrone.
Civilian use and offspring
Civilian rifles were also chambered for the Patrone 88. After the adoption of the 7.92×57mm Mauser by the German military, the Patrone 88 was not abandoned by civilian users like hunters. German civilian gunsmiths kept trying to improve the chambering. They took a somewhat similar engineering approach as the German military used, but instead of deepening the grooves and widening the bullet, they reduced the diameter of the lands and grooves whilst leaving the Patrone 88 cartridge itself unchanged. These efforts solved the problems the German military had experienced with the Patrone 88 and resulted and were finalized in what is now known as the 8×57mm I chambering, I (or often, albeit incorrectly, J, which is due to visual similarity of Fraktur I to Roman J) standing for German Infanterie 'infantry'.
In 1939 the Normalisierungsverordnung (normalization regulation) effectively prohibited the production of non-S-bore/7.92×57mm Mauser chambered arms in Nazi Germany. In post World War II Germany the production of the various preceding chamberings is allowed again, but these chamberings have become rare in post 1939 produced arms.[4]
Civilian 8×57mm I cartridge drawings and dimensions
The cartridge has a cartridge case capacity of 4.03 ml (62 grains) H2O.
8×57mm I maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters.
Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 19.1 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 240 mm (1 in 9.45 in), 4 grooves, Ø of the lands = 7.80 mm (0.307 in), Ø grooves = 8.07 mm (0.318 in), land width = 4.40 mm (0.173 in) and the primer type is large rifle.
According to the official C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) rulings the 8×57mm I can handle up to 380.00 MPa (55,114 psi) Pmax piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.[6] This means that 8×57mm I chambered arms in C.I.P. regulated countries are currently (2017) proof tested at 475.00 MPa (68,893 psi) PE piezo pressure.[6]
The rimless 8×57mm I cartridge has been used as parent case for a rimmed 8×57mm IR variant.[7]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 8x57 mm Patrone 88.
^"7,62×54 R. Патрон – Рекордсмен — Боевые патроны стрелкового оружия — официальный сайт книг монографии Дворянинова В.Н."
^"English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1867, 934 - 999". 1867.
^Walter, John (2006-03-25). Rifles of the World. Krause Publications. ISBN0896892417.
^ ab8×57mm IS cartridge portrait - Totgesagte leben länger, Wild und Hund 11/2006 (in German)
patrone, cartridge, rimless, bottlenecked, rifle, cartridge, first, generation, smokeless, propellant, cartridge, designed, german, gewehr, prüfungskommission, rifle, testing, commission, then, smokeless, propellant, introduced, poudre, 1886, pattern, 50mmr, l. The Patrone 88 cartridge 88 or M 88 is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge It was a first generation smokeless propellant cartridge designed by the German Gewehr Prufungskommission G P K Rifle Testing Commission as the then new smokeless propellant introduced as Poudre B in the 1886 pattern 8 50mmR Lebel started a military rifle ammunition revolution Patrone 88Five round clip with 1888 pattern M 88 ammunitionTypeRiflePlace of originGerman EmpireService historyIn service1888 1918Used byGerman EmpireWarsBoxer Rebellion World War IProduction historyDesignerGerman Rifle Testing CommissionDesigned1888Produced1888 present as 8 57mm IVariants8 57mm I and 8 57mm IR rimmed SpecificationsCase typeRimless bottleneckBullet diameter8 09 mm 0 319 in Neck diameter8 99 mm 0 354 in Shoulder diameter10 95 mm 0 431 in Base diameter11 94 mm 0 470 in Rim diameter11 95 mm 0 470 in Rim thickness1 30 mm 0 051 in Case length57 00 mm 2 244 in Overall length82 00 mm 3 228 in Case capacity4 03 cm3 62 2 gr H2O Rifling twist240 mm 1 in 9 45 in Primer typeLarge rifleMaximum pressure C I P 380 00 MPa 55 114 psi Filling weight2 75 g 42 4 gr Ballistic performanceBullet mass type Velocity Energy14 6 g 225 gr FMJ 620 m s 2 000 ft s 2 806 J 2 070 ft lbf Test barrel length 740 mm 29 1 in The Patrone 88 cartridge was loaded with 2 75 g 42 4 gr of single base based on nitrocellulose smokeless powder The cartridge was based on a Swiss design and was loaded with a 8 08 mm 0 318 in diameter 14 6 g 225 gr round nose full metal jacket bullet that was cupronickel plated and reached a muzzle velocity of 620 m s 2 034 ft s The bullet core consisted of 95 lead and 5 antimony It served as parent cartridge of several 8 57mm rimless and rimmed rifle cartridges Contents 1 Origin and military use 2 Civilian use and offspring 3 Civilian 8 57mm I cartridge drawings and dimensions 4 ReferencesOrigin and military use Edit 1888 pattern M 88 left cartridge alongside the 1903 pattern 7 92 57mm Mauser S Patrone The Patrone 88 was adopted by the German Empire in 1888 as service cartridge along with the Gewehr 1888 service rifle Reportedly the initial version of the design was of two piece construction like the 11 60mm Mauser and rimmed so called M88A later developed into M88 8R or 8X57 IR hunting cartridge but then a modern cannelured type of cartridge case was introduced 1 which despite being patented at least as early as 1867 by Joseph Whitworth 2 wasn t used by any military before In the original bore the diameter of the lands was 7 90 mm 0 311 in and the diameter of the grooves was 8 10 mm 0 319 in In 1894 1895 the bore dimensions were changed in an attempt to improve accuracy and barrel life The diameter of the lands remained 7 90 mm 0 311 in and the diameter of the grooves was changed to 8 20 mm 0 323 in The 8 08 mm 0 318 in diameter of the bullets the Patrone 88 was loaded with remained however unchanged and accuracy did not improve As of 1915 the Patrone 88 bullets became tombac plated 3 4 5 In German military service the Patrone 88 was replaced in 1904 and 1905 by the S Patrone a k a 7 92 57mm Mauser Besides the S Patrone chambering the S Patrone bore designated as S bore was also dimensionally redesigned the new bullet with a shorter cylindrical part had reduced bearing surface which necessitated increasing its diameter to 8 20 mm 0 323 in the exact diameter of the grooves The S Patrone and its new spitzer bullet provided the accuracy and barrel life improvements the German military was looking for As the bolt thrust of the 7 92 57mm Mauser is relatively low compared to many other service rounds used in the early 20th century many arms originally chambered for the Patrone 88 could be and were adapted for chambering the S Patrone by reaming out metal from the chamber as it required a wider chamber throat to take the differently shaped and thicker brass of the new S Patrone Civilian use and offspring EditCivilian rifles were also chambered for the Patrone 88 After the adoption of the 7 92 57mm Mauser by the German military the Patrone 88 was not abandoned by civilian users like hunters German civilian gunsmiths kept trying to improve the chambering They took a somewhat similar engineering approach as the German military used but instead of deepening the grooves and widening the bullet they reduced the diameter of the lands and grooves whilst leaving the Patrone 88 cartridge itself unchanged These efforts solved the problems the German military had experienced with the Patrone 88 and resulted and were finalized in what is now known as the 8 57mm I chambering I or often albeit incorrectly J which is due to visual similarity of Fraktur I to Roman J standing for German Infanterie infantry In 1939 the Normalisierungsverordnung normalization regulation effectively prohibited the production of non S bore 7 92 57mm Mauser chambered arms in Nazi Germany In post World War II Germany the production of the various preceding chamberings is allowed again but these chamberings have become rare in post 1939 produced arms 4 Civilian 8 57mm I cartridge drawings and dimensions EditThe cartridge has a cartridge case capacity of 4 03 ml 62 grains H2O 8 57mm I maximum C I P cartridge dimensions All sizes in millimeters Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha 2 19 1 degrees The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 240 mm 1 in 9 45 in 4 grooves O of the lands 7 80 mm 0 307 in O grooves 8 07 mm 0 318 in land width 4 40 mm 0 173 in and the primer type is large rifle According to the official C I P Commission Internationale Permanente pour l Epreuve des Armes a Feu Portatives rulings the 8 57mm I can handle up to 380 00 MPa 55 114 psi Pmax piezo pressure In C I P regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125 of this maximum C I P pressure to certify for sale to consumers 6 This means that 8 57mm I chambered arms in C I P regulated countries are currently 2017 proof tested at 475 00 MPa 68 893 psi PE piezo pressure 6 The rimless 8 57mm I cartridge has been used as parent case for a rimmed 8 57mm IR variant 7 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 8x57 mm Patrone 88 7 62 54 R Patron Rekordsmen Boevye patrony strelkovogo oruzhiya oficialnyj sajt knig monografii Dvoryaninova V N English Patents of Inventions Specifications 1867 934 999 1867 Walter John 2006 03 25 Rifles of the World Krause Publications ISBN 0896892417 a b 8 57mm IS cartridge portrait Totgesagte leben langer Wild und Hund 11 2006 in German Die Patrone 7 92mm 8x57 in German a b C I P TDCC datasheet 8 x 57 I C I P TDCC datasheet 8 x 57 IR Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Patrone 88 amp oldid 1097357029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
