The pas d'armes (French pronunciation:[padaʁm]) or passage of arms was a type of chivalrichastilude (martial game) that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. It involved a knight or group of knights (tenans or "holders") who would stake out a traveled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (venans or "comers") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the venan chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.
In 1434 on this spot—the bridge over the river Órbigo—Suero de Quiñones and ten of his knights challenged all comers to a pas d'armes, promising to "break 300 lances" before moving on.
The origins of pas d'armes can be found in a number of factors. During the 14th and 15th centuries the chivalric idea of a noble knight clashed with new more deadly forms of warfare, as seen during the Hundred Years' War, when commoneryeomanry armed with longbows could attack noble knights anonymously from a distance, breaking traditional rules of chivalry, and cavalry charges by knights could be broken by the pikemen formations introduced by the Swiss.
At the same time, the noble classes began to differentiate themselves, in many ways, including through reading courtly literature such as the very popular chivalric romances of the 12th century. For the noble classes the line between reality and fiction blurred, the deeds they read about were real, while their deeds in reality were often deadly, if not comical, re-enactments of those they read about. This romanticised "Chivalric Revival" manifested itself in a number of ways, including the pas d'armes, round table and emprise (or empresa, enterprise, chivalrous adventure), and in increasingly elaborate rules of courtesy and heraldry.
There are many thousands of accounts of pas d'armes during this period. One notable and special account is that of Suero de Quiñones, who in 1434 established the Passo Honroso ("Pass[age] of Honour") at the Órbigo bridge in the Kingdom of León (today's Castile and León in Spain). This road was used by pilgrims from all over Europe on the way to shrine at Santiago de Compostela. Suero and ten knights promised to "break 300 lances" before relinquishing the pas d'armes, jousting for over a month, as chronicled in great detail by town notary Don Luis Alonso Luengo, later published as Libro del Passo honroso.[1] After 166 battles, de Quiñones and his men were so injured they could not continue and declared the mission complete. Suero de Quiñones became legendary, and was mentioned in Don Quixote, the 1605 satire on the notion of romantic chivalry out of touch with reality.
^Pedro Rodríguez de Lena (1930), A Critical Annotated Edition of El Passo Honroso de Suero de Quiñones, 1977 edition ISBN84-7392-010-4
^"Histoire de Charles VII ("History of Charles VII")". Retrieved 2023-05-23. pas du rocher périlleux
^Le luxe, le vêtement et la mode a la fin du Moyen-Age (in French)
^Sylvie Lefèvre, Antoine de la Sale, Droz, 2006, p. 264.
^François Louis de Villeneuve, Histoire de René d'Anjou, tome premier, 1408–1445, Blaise, Paris, 1825, p. 354.
^Gabriel Bianciotto, Le roman de Troyle, université de Rouen, 1994, p. 147.
Sourcesedit
Odile Blanc, Les stratégies de la parure dans le divertissement chevaleresque. In: Communications, 46, 1987. Parure pudeur étiquette, sous la direction de Olivier Burgelin, Philippe Perrot et Marie-Thérèse Basse. pp. 49–65. doi:10.3406/comm.1987.1686.
Sébastien Nadot, Joutes, emprises et pas d'armes en Bourgogne, Castille et France, 1428–1470, thèse de doctorat soutenue à l'EHESS Paris en avril 2009.
Sébastien Nadot, Rompez les lances ! Chevaliers et tournois au Moyen Age, Editions autrement, Paris, 2010.
Riquer, Martín de (1967). Caballeros andantes españoles. Madrid: Editorial Espasa-Calpe.
Further readingedit
Brown-Grant, Rosalind (September 2020). "Chapter 7: Art Imitating Life Imitating Art? Representations of the Pas d'armes in Burgundian Prose Romance: The Case of Jehan d'Avennes". In Murray, Alan V.; Watts, Karen (eds.). The Medieval Tournament as Spectacle: Tourneys, Jousts and Pas d'Armes, 1100-1600. Boydell & Brewer, Boydell Press. pp. 139–154. doi:10.2307/j.ctv105bbwd. ISBN9781787449237. S2CID 241873036.
Academy of European Medieval Martial Arts (AEMMA), Toronto, Canada.
April 09, 2024
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The pas d armes French pronunciation pa daʁm or passage of arms was a type of chivalric hastilude martial game that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century It involved a knight or group of knights tenans or holders who would stake out a traveled spot such as a bridge or city gate and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass venans or comers must first fight or be disgraced If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge one might be provided and if the venan chose not to fight he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation If a lady passed unescorted she would leave behind a glove or scarf to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way In 1434 on this spot the bridge over the river orbigo Suero de Quinones and ten of his knights challenged all comers to a pas d armes promising to break 300 lances before moving on The origins of pas d armes can be found in a number of factors During the 14th and 15th centuries the chivalric idea of a noble knight clashed with new more deadly forms of warfare as seen during the Hundred Years War when commoner yeomanry armed with longbows could attack noble knights anonymously from a distance breaking traditional rules of chivalry and cavalry charges by knights could be broken by the pikemen formations introduced by the Swiss At the same time the noble classes began to differentiate themselves in many ways including through reading courtly literature such as the very popular chivalric romances of the 12th century For the noble classes the line between reality and fiction blurred the deeds they read about were real while their deeds in reality were often deadly if not comical re enactments of those they read about This romanticised Chivalric Revival manifested itself in a number of ways including the pas d armes round table and emprise or empresa enterprise chivalrous adventure and in increasingly elaborate rules of courtesy and heraldry There are many thousands of accounts of pas d armes during this period One notable and special account is that of Suero de Quinones who in 1434 established the Passo Honroso Pass age of Honour at the orbigo bridge in the Kingdom of Leon today s Castile and Leon in Spain This road was used by pilgrims from all over Europe on the way to shrine at Santiago de Compostela Suero and ten knights promised to break 300 lances before relinquishing the pas d armes jousting for over a month as chronicled in great detail by town notary Don Luis Alonso Luengo later published as Libro del Passo honroso 1 After 166 battles de Quinones and his men were so injured they could not continue and declared the mission complete Suero de Quinones became legendary and was mentioned in Don Quixote the 1605 satire on the notion of romantic chivalry out of touch with reality List of pas d armes editPasso de la Fuerte Ventura 1428 Suero de Quinones Passo Honroso orbigo 1434 Pas de l Arbre Charlemagne Dijon 1443 Pas du Rocher Perilleux 1445 2 Pas de la Pastourelle around 1445 3 Pas de Nancy Nancy 1445 4 5 6 Pas de la Joyeuse Garde 1446 Pas de la Belle Pelerine Saint Omer 1449 Pas de la Bergere 1449 Pas de la Fontaine aux Pleurs Chalon sur Saone 1449 1450 Pas du Chevalier au Cygne Lille 1454 Pas du Pin aux Pommes d Or 1455 Pas de la Dame Inconnue 1463 Pas du Perron Fee Bruges 1463 Pas de l Arbre d Or Bruges 1468 Pas de la Dame Sauvage Ghent 1470 See also editBlack Knight Monty Python Combat of the Thirty Running the gauntlet Tournament medieval Knights who say Ni from a humorous film Footnotes edit Pedro Rodriguez de Lena 1930 A Critical Annotated Edition of El Passo Honroso de Suero de Quinones 1977 edition ISBN 84 7392 010 4 Histoire de Charles VII History of Charles VII Retrieved 2023 05 23 pas du rocher perilleux Le luxe le vetement et la mode a la fin du Moyen Age in French Sylvie Lefevre Antoine de la Sale Droz 2006 p 264 Francois Louis de Villeneuve Histoire de Rene d Anjou tome premier 1408 1445 Blaise Paris 1825 p 354 Gabriel Bianciotto Le roman de Troyle universite de Rouen 1994 p 147 Sources editOdile Blanc Les strategies de la parure dans le divertissement chevaleresque In Communications 46 1987 Parure pudeur etiquette sous la direction de Olivier Burgelin Philippe Perrot et Marie Therese Basse pp 49 65 doi 10 3406 comm 1987 1686 Sebastien Nadot Joutes emprises et pas d armes en Bourgogne Castille et France 1428 1470 these de doctorat soutenue a l EHESS Paris en avril 2009 Sebastien Nadot Rompez les lances Chevaliers et tournois au Moyen Age Editions autrement Paris 2010 Riquer Martin de 1967 Caballeros andantes espanoles Madrid Editorial Espasa Calpe Further reading editBrown Grant Rosalind September 2020 Chapter 7 Art Imitating Life Imitating Art Representations of the Pas d armes in Burgundian Prose Romance The Case of Jehan d Avennes In Murray Alan V Watts Karen eds The Medieval Tournament as Spectacle Tourneys Jousts and Pas d Armes 1100 1600 Boydell amp Brewer Boydell Press pp 139 154 doi 10 2307 j ctv105bbwd ISBN 9781787449237 S2CID 241873036 External links editBrian R Price 1996 What is Pas d Armes Academy of European Medieval Martial Arts AEMMA Toronto Canada Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pas d 27armes amp oldid 1214178024, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
