The Parisi are known from a description in Ptolemy's Geographica (Geographica II, 3, 10) which locates them to near Opportunum Sinus ("Good harbour").[n 1] Ptolemy is presumed never to have visited Roman Britain, compiling his work from existing sources, probably in Alexandria.
The translation and interpretation of Ptolemy's work has not been consistent over time, with differing interpretations creating potential contradictions in the spatial relationship between Opportunum Sinus and Petuaria. A more recent interpretation (2005) places both the Parisi and Petuaria on the Opportunum Sinus which leads to the common interpretation of Opportunum Sinus to be impossible geographically – an alternative feature – the inlet near Brough to Walling Fen has been suggested.[4] Brough/Petuaria also had a harbour in Roman times (further inland than the current Brough Haven) which has long since silted up, further supporting this interpretation.
The Parisi are also mentioned in the forgery De Situ Britanniae originally credited to Richard of Cirencester (14th century AD): the Parisi's towns supposedly included Petuaria and a place Portus Felix, the locations of which were uncertain, and subject to speculation in the 19th century.[3][8][9]
Evidence for link with continental tribes
Burials in East Yorkshire dating from the pre-Roman Iron Age are distinguished as those of the Arras Culture,[10] and show differences from surrounding areas, generally lacking grave goods, but chariot burials and burials with swords are known,[5] but are similar (chariot burials) to those ascribed to the La Tène culture of areas of western and central Europe, giving a potential link to the similarly named Parisii of Gaul. [1]
Etymology
The origin of the name is uncertain; Celticists John T. Koch and Raimund Karl propose a Celtic linguistic origin, meaning "the commanders", similar to the Welsh verb peri (to cause, command or have done, from Proto-Celtic *kwer-).[11] Linguist Eric Hamp also links the name to this verb and suggests a meaning of "fighters".[12]Xavier Delamarre prefers to link the ethnic name to the P-Celtic root *pario- "cauldron" and translates Parisi as "they of the cauldrons" (taking their name after a distinctive type of vessel used by the Iron Age Celts).[13]
Notes
^Thought to be Bridlington bay, though this is not certain,[2] also identified as Holderness or Spurn Head by 19th century authors.[3] The bay at Filey has also been posited as a possible location.[4]
^The Roman settlement at Petuaria has been presumed to be at Brough, on the basis of an inscription found on a stone at an excavation as Bozzes (field) in Brough in 1937.[6]
References
^ abKoch, John T. (2006), "Arras culture", Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volumes 1–5, ABC-CLIO, p. 88, ISBN9781851094400
^Elgee, Frank (1930), Early man in north-east Yorkshire, p. 201, The location of the bay round which the Parisi lived has always been doubtful..
^ abSheahan, J. J.; Whellan, T. (1857), History and topography of the City of York, the East Riding of Yorkshire, and a portion of the West Riding, vol. 2, pp. 303, 305
^ abHalkon 2013, Chap.2 "The Landscape of Eastern Yorkshire".
^ ab"The Parisi", www.roman-britain.org, retrieved 26 May 2012
^Halkon 2013, Chap.7 The Impact of Rome – The Larger Settlements.
^Thompson, Thomas (1824), Ocellum promontorium: or, Short observations on the ancient state of Holderness, with Historic facts relative to the sea port & market town of Ravenspurne, in Holderness
^Walker, John (1834), "VIII. Observations to prove Filey Bay, in Yorkshire, the Portus Felixm or Sinus Salutaris; and Flamborough Head, the Ocellum Promontorium, of the Romans", Archaeologia: or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity, vol. 25, Society of Antiquaries of London, pp. 127–145
^Murray, Stephen J., "British Tribes", www.dot-domesday.me.uk, retrieved 31 May 2016
^Koch, John, Celtic Culture, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 88; 199.
^Hamp, Eric, "Morphologic criteria and evidence in Roman British: 7. Parisi, Πάρισοι", Ériu (44), 1993, p. 179.
^Delamarre, Xavier, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, 2nd ed., Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, p. 247.
Sources
Halkon, Peter (2013), The Parisi: Britons and Romans in East Yorkshire, The History Press, ISBN978-0752448411
Halkon, Peter (1989), New light on the Parisi, recent discoveries in Iron Age and Roman East Yorkshire, East Riding Archaeological Soc., University of Hull School of Adult and Continuing Education, ISBN0905218035
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parisi (Yorkshire).
February 15, 2023
parisi, tribe, parisi, were, british, celtic, tribe, located, somewhere, within, present, east, riding, yorkshire, england, known, from, single, brief, reference, ptolemy, geographica, about, many, writers, have, connected, them, with, archaeological, arras, c. The Parisi were a British Celtic tribe located somewhere within the present day East Riding of Yorkshire in England known from a single brief reference by Ptolemy in his Geographica of about AD 150 Many writers have connected them with the archaeological Arras culture and some with the more widely known Parisii of Gaul 1 Approximate supposed territory of the Parisi Contents 1 Historical sources and archaeology 1 1 Evidence for link with continental tribes 1 2 Etymology 2 Notes 3 References 3 1 Sources 3 2 Further reading 4 External linksHistorical sources and archaeology EditThe Parisi are known from a description in Ptolemy s Geographica Geographica II 3 10 which locates them to near Opportunum Sinus Good harbour n 1 Ptolemy is presumed never to have visited Roman Britain compiling his work from existing sources probably in Alexandria The tribe is inferred to have been surrounded by the Brigantes and with the Coritani south of them across the Humber Ptolemy mentions the Parisi in association with Petvaria a town thought to be located close to Brough East Riding of Yorkshire 5 n 2 Ptolemy also mentions a promontory Promontarium Ocellum which may be either Spurn Head or Flamborough Head 7 The translation and interpretation of Ptolemy s work has not been consistent over time with differing interpretations creating potential contradictions in the spatial relationship between Opportunum Sinus and Petuaria A more recent interpretation 2005 places both the Parisi and Petuaria on the Opportunum Sinus which leads to the common interpretation of Opportunum Sinus to be impossible geographically an alternative feature the inlet near Brough to Walling Fen has been suggested 4 Brough Petuaria also had a harbour in Roman times further inland than the current Brough Haven which has long since silted up further supporting this interpretation The Parisi are also mentioned in the forgery De Situ Britanniae originally credited to Richard of Cirencester 14th century AD the Parisi s towns supposedly included Petuaria and a place Portus Felix the locations of which were uncertain and subject to speculation in the 19th century 3 8 9 Evidence for link with continental tribes Edit Burials in East Yorkshire dating from the pre Roman Iron Age are distinguished as those of the Arras Culture 10 and show differences from surrounding areas generally lacking grave goods but chariot burials and burials with swords are known 5 but are similar chariot burials to those ascribed to the La Tene culture of areas of western and central Europe giving a potential link to the similarly named Parisii of Gaul 1 Etymology Edit The origin of the name is uncertain Celticists John T Koch and Raimund Karl propose a Celtic linguistic origin meaning the commanders similar to the Welsh verb peri to cause command or have done from Proto Celtic kwer 11 Linguist Eric Hamp also links the name to this verb and suggests a meaning of fighters 12 Xavier Delamarre prefers to link the ethnic name to the P Celtic root pario cauldron and translates Parisi as they of the cauldrons taking their name after a distinctive type of vessel used by the Iron Age Celts 13 Notes Edit Thought to be Bridlington bay though this is not certain 2 also identified as Holderness or Spurn Head by 19th century authors 3 The bay at Filey has also been posited as a possible location 4 The Roman settlement at Petuaria has been presumed to be at Brough on the basis of an inscription found on a stone at an excavation as Bozzes field in Brough in 1937 6 References Edit a b Koch John T 2006 Arras culture Celtic Culture A Historical Encyclopedia Volumes 1 5 ABC CLIO p 88 ISBN 9781851094400 Elgee Frank 1930 Early man in north east Yorkshire p 201 The location of the bay round which the Parisi lived has always been doubtful a b Sheahan J J Whellan T 1857 History and topography of the City of York the East Riding of Yorkshire and a portion of the West Riding vol 2 pp 303 305 a b Halkon 2013 Chap 2 The Landscape of Eastern Yorkshire a b The Parisi www roman britain org retrieved 26 May 2012 Halkon 2013 Chap 7 The Impact of Rome The Larger Settlements Ramm 1978 p 22 Thompson Thomas 1824 Ocellum promontorium or Short observations on the ancient state of Holderness with Historic facts relative to the sea port amp market town of Ravenspurne in Holderness Walker John 1834 VIII Observations to prove Filey Bay in Yorkshire the Portus Felixm or Sinus Salutaris and Flamborough Head the Ocellum Promontorium of the Romans Archaeologia or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity vol 25 Society of Antiquaries of London pp 127 145 Murray Stephen J British Tribes www dot domesday me uk retrieved 31 May 2016 Koch John Celtic Culture ABC CLIO 2006 p 88 199 Hamp Eric Morphologic criteria and evidence in Roman British 7 Parisi Parisoi Eriu 44 1993 p 179 Delamarre Xavier Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise 2nd ed Editions Errance Paris 2003 p 247 Sources Edit Halkon Peter 2013 The Parisi Britons and Romans in East Yorkshire The History Press ISBN 978 0752448411 Ramm Herman Gabriel 1978 The Parisi DuckworthFurther reading Edit Halkon Peter 1989 New light on the Parisi recent discoveries in Iron Age and Roman East Yorkshire East Riding Archaeological Soc University of Hull School of Adult and Continuing Education ISBN 0905218035External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parisi Yorkshire Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parisi tribe amp oldid 1054922415, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
