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Parafollicular cell

January 01, 1970

Parafollicular cells, also called C cells, are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid. They are called C cells because the primary function of these cells is to secrete calcitonin.[1] They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue. These cells are large and have a pale stain compared with the follicular cells. In teleost and avian species these cells occupy a structure outside the thyroid gland named the ultimopharyngeal body.

Parafollicular cell
Microscopic section of the thyroid showing follicles lined by follicular epithelial cells, and in between them larger parafollicular cells.
Details
LocationThyroid
FunctionCalcitonin secretion
Identifiers
THH3.08.02.4.00009
FMA68653
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]

Structure edit

Parafollicular cells are pale-staining cells found in small number in the thyroid and are typically situated basally in the epithelium, without direct contact with the follicular lumen. They are always situated within the basement membrane, which surrounds the entire follicle.

Development edit

Parafollicular cells are derived from pharyngeal endoderm.[2][3] Embryologically, they associate with the ultimopharyngeal body, which is a ventral derivative of the fourth (or fifth) pharyngeal pouch. Parafollicular cells were previously believed to be derived from the neural crest based on a series of experiments in quail-chick chimeras.[4][5] However, lineage tracing experiments in mice revealed that parafollicular cells are derived from the endoderm origin.[6]

Function edit

Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, a hormone that participates in the regulation of calcium metabolism. Calcitonin lowers blood levels of calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone by osteoclasts, and its secretion is increased proportionally with the concentration of calcium.[7]

Parafollicular cells are also known to secrete in smaller quantities several neuroendocrine peptides such as serotonin, somatostatin or CGRP.[8][9][10] They may also have a role in regulating thyroid hormones production locally, as they express thyrotropin-releasing hormone.[11][12]

Clinical significance edit

When parafollicular cells become cancerous, they lead to medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.[citation needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Parafollicular Cell - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  2. ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.
  3. ^ Johansson, E., Andersson, L., Örnros, J., Carlsson, T., Ingeson-Carlsson, C., Liang, S., … Nilsson, M. (2015). Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans. Development, 142(20), 3519–3528. http://doi.org/10.1242/dev.126581
  4. ^ Le Douarin N, Fontaine J, Le Lièvre C (March 1974). "New studies on the neural crest origin of the avian ultimobranchial glandular cells--interspecific combinations and cytochemical characterization of C cells based on the uptake of biogenic amine precursors". Histochemistry. 38 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1007/bf00496718. PMID 4135055. S2CID 7551942.
  5. ^ Barasch J, Gershon MD, Nunez EA, Tamir H, al-Awqati Q (December 1988). "Thyrotropin induces the acidification of the secretory granules of parafollicular cells by increasing the chloride conductance of the granular membrane". The Journal of Cell Biology. 107 (6 Pt 1): 2137–47. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2137. PMC 2115661. PMID 2461947.
  6. ^ Johansson E, Andersson L, Örnros J, Carlsson T, Ingeson-Carlsson C, Liang S, Dahlberg J, Jansson S, Parrillo L, Zoppoli P, Barila GO, Altschuler DL, Padula D, Lickert H, Fagman H, Nilsson M (October 2015). "Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans". Development. 142 (20): 3519–28. doi:10.1242/dev.126581. PMC 4631767. PMID 26395490.
  7. ^ Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM (2011). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (12th ed.). Saunders. pp. 1250–1252. ISBN 978-1437703245.
  8. ^ Zabel M (December 1984). "Ultrastructural localization of calcitonin, somatostatin and serotonin in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid". The Histochemical Journal. 16 (12): 1265–72. doi:10.1007/bf01003725. PMID 6152264. S2CID 7889687.
  9. ^ Barasch JM, Mackey H, Tamir H, Nunez EA, Gershon MD (September 1987). "Induction of a neural phenotype in a serotonergic endocrine cell derived from the neural crest". The Journal of Neuroscience. 7 (9): 2874–83. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-09-02874.1987. PMC 6569149. PMID 3305802.
  10. ^ Bernd P, Gershon MD, Nunez EA, Tamir H (March 1981). "Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 88 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1083/jcb.88.3.499. PMC 2112761. PMID 7217200.
  11. ^ Gkonos PJ, Tavianini MA, Liu CC, Roos BA (December 1989). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in normal thyroid parafollicular cells". Molecular Endocrinology. 3 (12): 2101–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-12-2101. PMID 2516877.
  12. ^ Morillo-Bernal J, Fernández-Santos JM, Utrilla JC, de Miguel M, García-Marín R, Martín-Lacave I (August 2009). "Functional expression of the thyrotropin receptor in C cells: new insights into their involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis". Journal of Anatomy. 215 (2): 150–8. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01095.x. PMC 2740962. PMID 19493188.

Further reading edit

  • Kameda Y (October 1987). "Localization of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide in thyroid C cells from various mammalian species". The Anatomical Record. 219 (2): 204–12. doi:10.1002/ar.1092190214. PMID 3120623. S2CID 12517073.
  • Kameda Y, Nishimaki T, Miura M, Jiang SX, Guillemot F (January 2007). "Mash1 regulates the development of C cells in mouse thyroid glands". Developmental Dynamics. 236 (1): 262–70. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21018. PMID 17103415. S2CID 24848963.
  • Kameda Y, Nishimaki T, Chisaka O, Iseki S, Sucov HM (October 2007). "Expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin by thyroid C cells and their precursors during murine development". The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 55 (10): 1075–88. doi:10.1369/jhc.7a7179.2007. PMID 17595340.
  • Kameda Y, Ito M, Nishimaki T, Gotoh N (March 2009). "FRS2alpha is required for the separation, migration, and survival of pharyngeal-endoderm derived organs including thyroid, ultimobranchial body, parathyroid, and thymus". Developmental Dynamics. 238 (3): 503–13. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21867. PMID 19235715. S2CID 13504555.
  • Kameda Y (March 2016). "Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian thyroid C cells". Developmental Dynamics. 245 (3): 323–41. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24377. PMID 26661795. S2CID 12161896.
  • Baber EC (1876). "Contributions to the Minute Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland of the Dog". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 166: 557–568. doi:10.1098/rstl.1876.0021. JSTOR 109205.

External links edit

  • Histology image: 42_04 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
  • Histology image: 14302loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
  • Histology at KUMC endo-/endo10
  • Anatomy Atlases – Microscopic Anatomy, plate 15.287

January 01, 1970
parafollicular, cell, also, called, cells, neuroendocrine, cells, thyroid, they, called, cells, because, primary, function, these, cells, secrete, calcitonin, they, located, adjacent, thyroid, follicles, reside, connective, tissue, these, cells, large, have, p. Parafollicular cells also called C cells are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid They are called C cells because the primary function of these cells is to secrete calcitonin 1 They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue These cells are large and have a pale stain compared with the follicular cells In teleost and avian species these cells occupy a structure outside the thyroid gland named the ultimopharyngeal body Parafollicular cellMicroscopic section of the thyroid showing follicles lined by follicular epithelial cells and in between them larger parafollicular cells DetailsLocationThyroidFunctionCalcitonin secretionIdentifiersTHH3 08 02 4 00009FMA68653Anatomical terms of microanatomy edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Development 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksStructure editParafollicular cells are pale staining cells found in small number in the thyroid and are typically situated basally in the epithelium without direct contact with the follicular lumen They are always situated within the basement membrane which surrounds the entire follicle Development edit Parafollicular cells are derived from pharyngeal endoderm 2 3 Embryologically they associate with the ultimopharyngeal body which is a ventral derivative of the fourth or fifth pharyngeal pouch Parafollicular cells were previously believed to be derived from the neural crest based on a series of experiments in quail chick chimeras 4 5 However lineage tracing experiments in mice revealed that parafollicular cells are derived from the endoderm origin 6 Function editParafollicular cells secrete calcitonin a hormone that participates in the regulation of calcium metabolism Calcitonin lowers blood levels of calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone by osteoclasts and its secretion is increased proportionally with the concentration of calcium 7 Parafollicular cells are also known to secrete in smaller quantities several neuroendocrine peptides such as serotonin somatostatin or CGRP 8 9 10 They may also have a role in regulating thyroid hormones production locally as they express thyrotropin releasing hormone 11 12 Clinical significance editWhen parafollicular cells become cancerous they lead to medullary carcinoma of the thyroid citation needed See also editList of human cell types derived from the germ layers List of distinct cell types in the adult human bodyReferences edit Parafollicular Cell an overview ScienceDirect Topics www sciencedirect com Retrieved 2024 02 03 Nilsson M Williams D July 2016 On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer C Cell Story Revisited European Thyroid Journal 5 2 79 93 doi 10 1159 000447333 PMC 4949372 PMID 27493881 Johansson E Andersson L Ornros J Carlsson T Ingeson Carlsson C Liang S Nilsson M 2015 Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans Development 142 20 3519 3528 http doi org 10 1242 dev 126581 Le Douarin N Fontaine J Le Lievre C March 1974 New studies on the neural crest origin of the avian ultimobranchial glandular cells interspecific combinations and cytochemical characterization of C cells based on the uptake of biogenic amine precursors Histochemistry 38 4 297 305 doi 10 1007 bf00496718 PMID 4135055 S2CID 7551942 Barasch J Gershon MD Nunez EA Tamir H al Awqati Q December 1988 Thyrotropin induces the acidification of the secretory granules of parafollicular cells by increasing the chloride conductance of the granular membrane The Journal of Cell Biology 107 6 Pt 1 2137 47 doi 10 1083 jcb 107 6 2137 PMC 2115661 PMID 2461947 Johansson E Andersson L Ornros J Carlsson T Ingeson Carlsson C Liang S Dahlberg J Jansson S Parrillo L Zoppoli P Barila GO Altschuler DL Padula D Lickert H Fagman H Nilsson M October 2015 Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans Development 142 20 3519 28 doi 10 1242 dev 126581 PMC 4631767 PMID 26395490 Melmed S Polonsky KS Larsen PR Kronenberg HM 2011 Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 12th ed Saunders pp 1250 1252 ISBN 978 1437703245 Zabel M December 1984 Ultrastructural localization of calcitonin somatostatin and serotonin in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid The Histochemical Journal 16 12 1265 72 doi 10 1007 bf01003725 PMID 6152264 S2CID 7889687 Barasch JM Mackey H Tamir H Nunez EA Gershon MD September 1987 Induction of a neural phenotype in a serotonergic endocrine cell derived from the neural crest The Journal of Neuroscience 7 9 2874 83 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 07 09 02874 1987 PMC 6569149 PMID 3305802 Bernd P Gershon MD Nunez EA Tamir H March 1981 Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells The Journal of Cell Biology 88 3 499 508 doi 10 1083 jcb 88 3 499 PMC 2112761 PMID 7217200 Gkonos PJ Tavianini MA Liu CC Roos BA December 1989 Thyrotropin releasing hormone gene expression in normal thyroid parafollicular cells Molecular Endocrinology 3 12 2101 9 doi 10 1210 mend 3 12 2101 PMID 2516877 Morillo Bernal J Fernandez Santos JM Utrilla JC de Miguel M Garcia Marin R Martin Lacave I August 2009 Functional expression of the thyrotropin receptor in C cells new insights into their involvement in the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis Journal of Anatomy 215 2 150 8 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7580 2009 01095 x PMC 2740962 PMID 19493188 Further reading editKameda Y October 1987 Localization of immunoreactive calcitonin gene related peptide in thyroid C cells from various mammalian species The Anatomical Record 219 2 204 12 doi 10 1002 ar 1092190214 PMID 3120623 S2CID 12517073 Kameda Y Nishimaki T Miura M Jiang SX Guillemot F January 2007 Mash1 regulates the development of C cells in mouse thyroid glands Developmental Dynamics 236 1 262 70 doi 10 1002 dvdy 21018 PMID 17103415 S2CID 24848963 Kameda Y Nishimaki T Chisaka O Iseki S Sucov HM October 2007 Expression of the epithelial marker E cadherin by thyroid C cells and their precursors during murine development The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 55 10 1075 88 doi 10 1369 jhc 7a7179 2007 PMID 17595340 Kameda Y Ito M Nishimaki T Gotoh N March 2009 FRS2alpha is required for the separation migration and survival of pharyngeal endoderm derived organs including thyroid ultimobranchial body parathyroid and thymus Developmental Dynamics 238 3 503 13 doi 10 1002 dvdy 21867 PMID 19235715 S2CID 13504555 Kameda Y March 2016 Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian thyroid C cells Developmental Dynamics 245 3 323 41 doi 10 1002 dvdy 24377 PMID 26661795 S2CID 12161896 Baber EC 1876 Contributions to the Minute Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland of the Dog Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 166 557 568 doi 10 1098 rstl 1876 0021 JSTOR 109205 External links editHistology image 42 04 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Histology image 14302loa Histology Learning System at Boston University Histology at KUMC endo endo10 Anatomy Atlases Microscopic Anatomy plate 15 287 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parafollicular cell amp oldid 1202630113, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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